机械化英语翻译法笔记(免费分享)
92422-英语-雅思-备考资料-085号学员100句第八次课89-100句翻译笔记
翻译89:事实是,一些工作已经被砍掉,因为机械化的原因。
The fact is that some work have been cut off because of the mechanization.正确的句子:The fact is that some jobs have been made redundant because of mechanization. 笔记:1、redundant jobs 多余的,此处为make jobs redundant 让一些工作多余2、mechanization机械化,为不可数名词3、cut down表示砍树,削减开支(cut down trees;cut down budgets);cut off some jobs/work 削减一些工作4、abolish 一般用于法律的废除5、As a matter of fact=in fact 事实上翻译:90:确实如此,现在很多人选择走向环保和减少能源的使用。
It is true that nowadays,many people choose to protect the environment and reduce the cost of resources.正确的句子:It is true that many people today have chosen to go green and cut down on the use of energy.笔记:1、go green环保;cut down (on)减少……的使用energy减少能源的使用2、地点,时间后面一般加’s表示“的”company’s…、today’s newspaper翻译91:判刑对年轻人是有伤害,因为这么一个事实:犯罪的记录会给他们职业留下阴影。
Imprisonment does harm to young people ,because the fact is that criminal records can have negative impact on their career.正确的句子:A prison sentence can be damaging to young people, due to the fact that the criminal record can cast a long shadow on their career.笔记:1、本句为同位语从句,the fact=the criminal record can cast a long shadow on their career.2、damaging表示有害的,可以用have a damaging impact on sth.3、prison sentences 判刑,sentence也可以为动词4、cast a long shadow on/over their career. 给职业留下阴影5、record为可数名词,criminal records犯罪的记录6、harmful表示对…有害的be harmful for sb.,hurt表示肉体上的伤害翻译92:我相信快餐广告和肥胖的普遍有直接的联系。
机械专业英语(章跃版)课后英汉翻译讲解
第一章:应力与应变1.That branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics.研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分歧,被称作力学,力学由两大部分组成,静力学和动力学。
2.For example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating and rapid failure of the bearing.例如:如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话,会挤出油膜,引起金属和金属之间的相互接触,轴承将过热而迅速失效。
3.Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force.力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向,这些被称为力的三要素。
4.All bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis.所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的,如果受到力的作用就产生变形。
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念1、词汇:statics [stætiks] 静力学;dynamics动力学;constraint约束;magnetic [mæɡ'netik]有磁性的;external [eks'tə:nl] 外面的, 外部的;meshing啮合;follower从动件;magnitude ['mæɡnitju:d] 大小;intensity强度,应力;non-coincident [kəu'insidənt]不重合;parallel ['pærəlel]平行;intuitive 直观的;substance物质;proportional [prə'pɔ:ʃənəl]比例的;resist抵抗,对抗;celestial [si'lestjəl]天空的;product乘积;particle质点;elastic [i'læstik]弹性;deformed变形的;strain拉力;uniform全都相同的;velocity[vi'lɔsiti]速度;scalar['skeilə]标量;vector['vektə]矢量;displacement代替;momentum [məu'mentəm]动量;2、词组make up of由……组成;if not要不,不然;even through即使,纵然;Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果1、词汇:machine 机器;mechanism机构;movable活动的;given 规定的,给定的,已知的;perform执行;application 施用;produce引起,导致;stress压力;applied施加的;individual单独的;muscular ['mʌskjulə]]力臂;gravity[ɡrævti]重力;stretch伸展,拉紧,延伸;tensile[tensail]拉力;tension张力,拉力;squeeze挤;compressive 有压力的,压缩的;torsional扭转的;torque转矩;twist扭,转动;molecule [m likju:l]分子的;slide滑动; 滑行;slip滑,溜;one another 互相;shear剪切;independently独立地,自立地;beam梁;compress压;revolve (使)旋转;exert [iɡ'zə:t]用力,尽力,运用,发挥,施加;principle原则, 原理,准则,规范;spin使…旋转;screw螺丝钉;thread螺纹;2、词组a number of 许多;deal with 涉及,处理;result from由什么引起;prevent from阻止,防止;tends to 朝某个方向;in combination结合;fly apart飞散;3、译文:任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。
机械类专业英语翻译知识交流
机械类专业英语翻译Flexible and Smart Online Monitoring and Fault DiagnosisSystem for Rotating Machinery柔性的和智能的在线监测与故障诊断的旋转机械系统AbstractMonitoring the vibration signals of rotating machinery, ulteriorly, assessing the safety of equipment plays a significant role in ensuring the security of equipment and in saving maintenance fee. This paper integrated the idea of “configuration” in the industry control software, developed the “flexible” network-based online monitoring and fault diagnosis system. The network topology, configuration module, database, data acquisition workstation and monitoring components were presented. With the smart data acquisition strategy and strong adaptive monitoring tools, the system can be applied on kinds of rotating machinery, and the practical application of the system was introduced.Keywords – online monitor, flexible system, smart system, configuration, rotating machinery旋转机械振动信号的监测,进一步地说,在确保设备的安全性和节省维修费用上设备安全性的评估起到非常重要的角色。
机械类翻译词汇参考整理
机械类翻译参考词汇表表一3dnow!(3d no waiting)alu(arithmetic logic unit,算术逻辑单元)agu(address generation units,地址产成单元)bga(ball grid array,球状矩阵排列)bht(branch prediction table,分支预测表)bpu(branch processing unit,分支处理单元)brach pediction(分支预测)cmos: complementary metal oxide semiconductor,互补金属氧化物半导体cisc(complex instruction set computing,复杂指令集计算机)clk(clock cycle,时钟周期)cob(cache on board,板上集成缓存)cod(cache on die,芯片内集成缓存)cpga(ceramic pin grid array,陶瓷针型栅格阵列)cpu(center processing unit,中央处理器)data forwarding(数据前送)decode(指令解码)dib(dual independent bus,双独立总线)ec(embedded controller,嵌入式控制器)embedded chips(嵌入式)epic(explicitly parallel instruction code,并行指令代码)fadd(floationg point addition,浮点加)fcpga(flip chip pin grid array,反转芯片针脚栅格阵列)fdiv(floationg point divide,浮点除)femms:fast entry/exit multimedia state,快速进入/退出多媒体状态fft(fast fourier transform,快速热欧姆转换)fid(fid:frequency identify,频率鉴别号码)fifo(first input first output,先入先出队列)flip-chip(芯片反转)flop(floating point operations per second,浮点操作/秒)fmul(floationg point multiplication,浮点乘)fpu(float point unit,浮点运算单元)fsub(floationg point subtraction,浮点减)gvpp(generic visual perception processor,常规视觉处理器)hl-pbga: 表面黏著,高耐热、轻薄型塑胶球状矩阵封装ia(intel architecture,英特尔架构)icu(instruction control unit,指令控制单元)id:identify,鉴别号码idf(intel developer forum,英特尔开发者论坛)ieu(integer execution units,整数执行单元)imm: intel mobile module,英特尔移动模块instructions cache,指令缓存instruction coloring(指令分类)ipc(instructions per clock cycle,指令/时钟周期)isa(instruction set architecture,指令集架构)kni(katmai new instructions,katmai新指令集,即sse)latency(潜伏期)ldt(lightning data transport,闪电数据传输总线)local interconnect(局域互连)mesi(modified,exclusive,shared,invalid:修改、排除、共享、废弃) mmx(multimedia extensions,多媒体扩展指令集)mmu(multimedia unit,多媒体单元)mflops(million floationg point/second,每秒百万个浮点操作)mhz(million hertz,兆赫兹)mp(multi-processing,多重处理器架构)mps(multiprocessor specification,多重处理器规范)msrs(model-specific registers,特别模块寄存器)naoc(no-account overclock,无效超频)ni:non-intel,非英特尔olga(organic land grid array,基板栅格阵列)ooo(out of order,乱序执行)pga: pin-grid array(引脚网格阵列),耗电大post-riscpr(performance rate,性能比率)psn(processor serial numbers,处理器序列号)pib(processor in a box,盒装处理器)ppga(plastic pin grid array,塑胶针状矩阵封装)pqfp(plastic quad flat package,塑料方块平面封装)raw(read after write,写后读)register contention(抢占寄存器)register pressure(寄存器不足)register renaming(寄存器重命名)remark(芯片频率重标识)resource contention(资源冲突)retirement(指令引退)risc(reduced instruction set computing,精简指令集计算机)sec: single edge connector,单边连接器shallow-trench isolation(浅槽隔离)simd(single instruction multiple data,单指令多数据流)sio2f(fluorided silicon oxide,二氧氟化硅)smi(system management interrupt,系统管理中断)smm(system management mode,系统管理模式)smp(symmetric multi-processing,对称式多重处理架构)soi: silicon-on-insulator,绝缘体硅片sonc(system on a chip,系统集成芯片)spec(system performance evaluation corporation,系统性能评估测试)sqrt(square root calculations,平方根计算)sse(streaming simd extensions,单一指令多数据流扩展)superscalar(超标量体系结构)tcp: tape carrier package(薄膜封装),发热小throughput(吞吐量)tlb(translate look side buffers,翻译旁视缓冲器)uswc(uncacheabled speculative write combination,无缓冲随机联合写操作)valu(vector arithmetic logic unit,向量算术逻辑单元)vliw(very long instruction word,超长指令字)vpu(vector permutate unit,向量排列单元)vpu(vector processing units,向量处理单元,即处理mmx、sse等simd指令的地方)表二Acetyl||乙酰Acid-proof paint||耐酸涂料, 耐酸油漆Acrylic fiber||丙烯酸纤维Acrylic resin||丙烯酸树脂Active filler||活性填料Adapter assembly||接头组件Addition polyimide||加成型聚酰亚胺Addition polymer||加聚物Adjusting valve||调整阀,调节阀Adhersion assembly||粘合装配Adhersion bond||胶结Adjustable-bed press||工作台可调式压力机Adjuster shim||调整垫片Adjusting accuracy||调整精度,调校精度Admissible error||容许误差Admissible load||容许载荷Adsorbed layer||吸附层Advanced composite material||先进复合材料,高级复合材料Advanced development vehicle||试制车,预研样车AE(Automobile Engineering)||汽车工程技术Aeolotropic material||各向异性材料Aerated plastics||泡沫塑料, 多孔塑料Aerodynamic body||流线型车身Aft cross member||底盘/车架后横梁Air bleeder||排气孔Air clamp||气动夹具Air deflector||导流板;导风板,气流偏转板Air intake manifold||进气歧管Air servo||伺服气泵Air-tight joint||气密接头All-plastic molded||全塑模注的All polyster seat||全聚酯座椅Alligatoring||龟裂,涂膜皱皮,表面裂痕Amino resin||氨基树脂Angular test||挠曲试验Anti-chipping primer||抗破裂底漆(底层涂料)Apron||防护挡板Aramid fibre composites||芳胺纤维复合材料Assembly drawing||装配图Assembly jig||装配夹具Assembly part||装配件,组合件Autoclave forming||热压罐成型Autocorrection||自动校正Automatic compensation||自动补偿Automatic feed||自动进料Automobile instrument||汽车仪表板Automotive transmission||汽车传动装置,汽车变速器Auxiliary fasia console||副仪表板Axial strain||轴向应变Axle bushing||轴衬Axle fairing||底盘车桥整流罩A Stage||A 阶段(某些热固性树脂聚合作用的初期阶段)AAC(Auxiliary Air Control)||辅助空气控制ABC(Active Body Control)||主动式车身控制装置Abherent||阻粘剂Ability meter||测力计,性能测试仪ABL (Ablative)||烧蚀剂Ablation||烧蚀Ablative composite material||烧蚀复合材料Ablative insulative material||烧蚀绝热材料Ablative polymer||烧蚀聚合物Ablative prepreg||烧蚀性预浸料Ablative resistance||耐烧蚀性ABR(Acrylate Butadience Rubber)||丙烯酸丁二烯橡胶Abradant material||研磨材料,磨料Abrade||研磨;用喷砂清理Abrasion||磨耗Abrasion coefficient||磨耗系数Abrasion loss||磨耗量,磨损量Abrasion performance||磨耗性Abrasion-proof material||耐磨材料Abrasion resistant paint||耐磨涂料Abrasion test||磨损试验Abrasive blast system||喷砂清理系统Abrasive cloth||砂布</P< p>表三PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供应商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号表四A.1. abrasive tooth wear 齿面研磨磨损2. absolute tangential velocity 绝对切向速度3. accelerometer 加速表4. addendum 齿顶高5. addendum angle 齿顶角6. addendum circle 齿顶圆7. addendum surface 上齿面8. adhesive wear 粘着磨损9. adjustability 可调性10. adjustability coefficients 可调系数11. adjusting wedge 圆盘端铣刀的可调型楔块12. allowable stress 允许应力13. alternate blade cutter 双面刀盘14. angular backlash 角侧隙15. angular bevel gears 斜交锥齿轮16. angular displacement 角移位17. angular pitch 齿端距18. angular testing machine 可调角度试验机19. approach action 啮入20. arbor 心轴21. arbor distance 心轴距22. arc of approach 啮入弧23. arc of recess 啮出弧24. attraction 收紧25. average cutter diameter 平均刀尖直径26. axial displacement 轴向位移27. axial factor 轴向系数28. axial locating surface 轴向定位面29. axial pitch 轴向齿距30. axial plane 轴向平面31. axial rakeangle 轴向前角32. axial thrust 轴向推力33. axle testing machine 传动桥试验机B.1. back angle 背锥角2. Back angle distance 背角距(在背锥母线方向)3. Back cone 背锥4. Back cone distance 背锥距5. Back cone element 背锥母线6. Backlash 侧隙7. Backlash tolerance 侧隙公差8. Backlash variation 侧隙变量9. Backlash variation tolerance 侧隙变量公差10. Bandwidth 频带宽11. Base circle 基圆12. Base diameter 基圆直径13. Base pitch 基节14. Base radius 基圆半径15. Base spiral angle 基圆螺旋角16. Basic rack 基本齿条17. Bearing 轴承18. Bearing preload 轴承预负荷19. Bearing spacing/spread 轴承间距20. Bending fatigue 弯曲疲劳21. Bending stress 弯曲应力22. Bevel gears 锥齿轮23. Bias 对角接触24. Bias in 内对角接触25. Bias out 外对角接触26. Blade angle 刀齿齿廓角27. Blade edge radius 刀尖圆角半径28. Blade letter 刀尖凸角代号29. Blade life 刀尖寿命30. Blade point width 刀顶宽31. Blank offset 毛坯偏置距32. Bland position 毛坯位置33. Bottom land 齿槽底面34. Boundary lubrication 界面润滑35. Breakage 破裂36. Bridged contact pattern 桥型接触斑点37. Broach 拉刀38. Burnishing 挤齿C.1. Case crushing 齿面塌陷2. CBN 立方氮化硼3. chamfer 倒角4. chordal addendum 弦齿高5. chordal thickness 弦齿厚6. chuck 卡盘7. circular broach 圆拉刀8. circular face-mill 圆盘端面铣刀9. circular peripheral-mill 圆盘铣刀10. circular pitch 周节11. circular thickness 弧齿厚12. circular thickness factor 弧齿厚系数13. clearance 顶隙14. clearance angle 后角15. coarse pitch 大节距16. coast side 不工作齿侧17. combination 组合18. combined preload 综合预负荷19. complementary crown gears 互补冠状齿轮20. completing cycle 全工序循环21. composite action 双面啮合综合检验误差22. compressive stress 压应力23. concave side 凹面24. concentricity 同心度25. concentricity tester 同心度检查仪26. cone distance 锥距27. cone element 锥面母线28. conformal surfaces 共型表面29. coniskoid 斜锥齿轮30. conjugate gears 共轭齿轮31. conjugate racks 共轭齿条32. contact fatigue 接触疲劳33. contact norma 接触点法线34. contact pattern (tooth contact pattern) 轮齿接触斑点35. contact ratio 重合度36. contact stress 接触应力37. continuous index 连续分度38. control gear 标准齿轮,检验用齿轮39. convex side 凸面40. coolant 冷却液41. corrosive wear 腐蚀性磨损42. corrugated tool 阶梯刨刀43. counter forma surfaces 反法向表面44. cradle 摇台45. cradle test roll 摇台角46. cross 大小端接触47. crossing point 交错点48. crown 齿冠49. crown circle 锥齿轮冠圆50. crowned teeth 鼓形齿51. crown gear 冠轮52. crown to back (轮冠距)轮冠至安装定位面距离53. crown to crossing point 轮冠至相错点距离54. cutter 刀盘55. cutter axial 刀盘的轴向位置56. cutter axial plane 刀盘轴向平面57. cutter axis 刀盘轴线58. cutter diameter 刀盘直径59. cutter edge radius 刀刃圆角半径60. cutter head 刀盘体61. cutter number 刀号62. cutter parallel 刀盘平垫片63. cutter point diameter 刀尖直径64. cutter point radius 刀尖半径65. cutter point width 刀顶距66. cutter spindle 刀盘主轴67. cutter spindle rotation angle 刀盘主轴转角68. cutting distance 切齿安装距69. C.V. testing mashing 常速试验机70. cyclex 格里森粗铣精拉法圆盘端铣刀71. cylindrical gears 圆柱齿轮D.1. Datum tooth 基准齿2. Debur 去毛刺3. Decibel (CB) (噪音)分贝4. Decimal ratio 挂轮比值5. Dedendum 齿根高6. Dendendum angle 齿根角7. Dedendum surface 下齿面8. Deflection 挠曲9. Deflection test 挠曲试验10. Deflection testing machine 挠曲试验机11. Depthwise taper 齿高收缩12. Design data sheet 设计数据表13. Destructive pitting 破坏性点蚀14. Destructive wear 破坏性磨损15. Developed setting 试切调整16. Dial indicator 度盘式指示表17. Diametral pitch 径节18. Diamond 菱形接触19. Dinging ball check 钢球敲击检查20. Disc-mill cuter 盘铣刀21. Dish angle 凹角22. Displacement 位移23. Displacement error 位移误差24. Double index 双分度25. Double roll 双向滚动26. Down roll 向下滚动27. Drive side 工作齿侧28. Duplete 双刃刀29. Duplex 双重双面法30. Duplex helical 双重螺旋法(加工方法之一)31. Duplex spread blade 双重双面刀齿(加工/磨齿方法)32. Duplex taper 双重收缩齿33. Durability factor 耐久系数34. Dynamic factor 动载荷系数E。
机械设计专业术语的英语翻译
机械设计专业术语的英语翻译阿基米德蜗杆 archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ; normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, cd不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, pd残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 geneva wheel槽轮机构 geneva mechanism ; maltese cross 槽数 geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation ; creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line(疲劳)点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly v-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingii 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, cd防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment 公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 h. hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, mcd机械系统设计 mechanical system design, msd机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,cbd基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, cad计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, cam计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturingsystem, cims计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment 计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, rd空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel 联组 v 带 tight-up v belt联轴器 coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal螺纹 thread (of a screw)螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋角 helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line绿色设计 green design ; design for environment马耳他机构 geneva wheel ; geneva gear马耳他十字 maltese cross脉动无级变速 pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力 fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷 fluctuating load铆钉 rivet迷宫密封 labyrinth seal密封 seal密封带 seal belt密封胶 seal gum密封元件 potted component密封装置 sealing arrangement面对面安装 face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计 design for product`s life cycle, dplc 名义应力、公称应力 nominal stress模块化设计 modular design, md模块式传动系统 modular system模幅箱 morphology box模糊集 fuzzy set模糊评价 fuzzy evaluation模数 module摩擦 friction摩擦角 friction angle摩擦力 friction force摩擦学设计 tribology design, td摩擦阻力 frictional resistance摩擦力矩 friction moment摩擦系数 coefficient of friction摩擦圆 friction circle磨损 abrasion ;wear; scratching末端执行器 end-effector目标函数 objective function耐腐蚀性 corrosion resistance耐磨性 wear resistance挠性机构 mechanism with flexible elements 挠性转子 flexible rotor内齿轮 internal gear内齿圈 ring gear内力 internal force内圈 inner ring能量 energy能量指示图 viscosity逆时针 counterclockwise (or anticlockwise) 啮出 engaging-out啮合 engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点 contact points啮合角 working pressure angle啮合线 line of action啮合线长度 length of line of action啮入 engaging-in牛头刨床 shaper凝固点 freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力 torsion stress扭矩 moment of torque扭簧 helical torsion spring诺模图 nomogramo 形密封圈密封 o ring seal盘形凸轮 disk cam盘形转子 disk-like rotor抛物线运动 parabolic motion疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏置式 offset偏 ( 心 ) 距 offset distance偏心率 eccentricity ratio偏心质量 eccentric mass偏距圆 offset circle偏心盘 eccentric偏置滚子从动件 offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件 offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接 matching评价与决策 evaluation and decision频率 frequency平带 flat belt平带传动 flat belt driving平底从动件 flat-face follower平底宽度 face width平分线 bisector平均应力 average stress平均中径 mean screw diameter平均速度 average velocity平衡 balance平衡机 balancing machine平衡品质 balancing quality平衡平面 correcting plane平衡质量 balancing mass平衡重 counterweight平衡转速 balancing speed平面副 planar pair, flat pair平面机构 planar mechanism平面运动副 planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构 planar linkage平面凸轮 planar cam平面凸轮机构 planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮 parallel helical gears普通平键 parallel key其他常用机构 other mechanism in common use起动阶段 starting period启动力矩 starting torque气动机构 pneumatic mechanism奇异位置 singular position起始啮合点 initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承 gas bearing千斤顶 jack嵌入键 sunk key强迫振动 forced vibration切齿深度 depth of cut曲柄 crank曲柄存在条件 grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构 crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear曲率 curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature曲面从动件 curved-shoe follower曲线拼接 curve matching曲线运动 curvilinear motion曲轴 crank shaft驱动力 driving force驱动力矩 driving moment (torque)全齿高 whole depth权重集 weight sets球 ball球面滚子 convex roller球轴承 ball bearing球面副 spheric pair球面渐开线 spherical involute球面运动 spherical motion球销副 sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器 polar coordinate manipulator燃点 spontaneous ignition热平衡 heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮 herringbone gear冗余自由度 redundant degree of freedom柔轮 flexspline柔性冲击 flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统 flexible manufacturing system; fms柔性自动化 flexible automation润滑油膜 lubricant film润滑装置 lubrication device润滑 lubrication润滑剂 lubricant三角形花键 serration spline三角形螺纹 v thread screw三维凸轮 three-dimensional cam三心定理 kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽 grinding wheel groove砂漏 hour-glass少齿差行星传动 planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学 design methodology设计变量 design variable设计约束 design constraints深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing生产阻力 productive resistance升程 rise升距 lift实际廓线 cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling; oldham‘s coupling 矢量 vector输出功 output work输出构件 output link输出机构 output mechanism输出力矩 output torque输出轴 output shaft输入构件 input link数学模型 mathematic model实际啮合线 actual line of action双滑块机构 double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构 double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮 hyperboloid gear双头螺柱 studs双万向联轴节 constant-velocity (or double) universal joint 双摇杆机构 double rocker mechanism双转块机构 oldham coupling双列轴承 double row bearing双向推力轴承 double-direction thrust bearing松边 slack-side顺时针 clockwise瞬心 instantaneous center死点 dead point四杆机构 four-bar linkage速度 velocity速度不均匀 ( 波动 ) 系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation速度波动 speed fluctuation速度曲线 velocity diagram速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity塔轮 step pulley踏板 pedal台钳、虎钳 vice太阳轮 sun gear弹性滑动 elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器 elastic coupling ; flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器 rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒 sleeve梯形螺纹 acme thread form特殊运动链 special kinematic chain特性 characteristics替代机构 equivalent mechanism调节 modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承 self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承 self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承 self-aligning bearing调速 speed governing调速电动机 adjustable speed motors调速系统 speed control system调压调速 variable voltage control调速器 regulator, governor铁磁流体密封 ferrofluid seal停车阶段 stopping phase停歇 dwell同步带 synchronous belt同步带传动 synchronous belt drive凸的,凸面体 convex凸轮 cam凸轮倒置机构 inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构 cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线 cam profile凸轮廓线绘制 layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线 pitch curve凸缘联轴器 flange coupling图册、图谱 atlas图解法 graphical method推程 rise推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing退刀槽 tool withdrawal groove退火 anneal陀螺仪 gyroscopev 带 v belt外力 external force外圈 outer ring外形尺寸 boundary dimension万向联轴器 hooks coupling ; universal coupling 外齿轮 external gear弯曲应力 beading stress弯矩 bending moment腕部 wrist往复移动 reciprocating motion往复式密封 reciprocating seal网上设计 on-net design, ond微动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism位移 displacement位移曲线 displacement diagram位姿 pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段 steady motion period稳健设计 robust design蜗杆 worm蜗杆传动机构 worm gearing蜗杆头数 number of threads蜗杆直径系数 diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构 worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构 worm cam interval mechanism 蜗杆旋向 hands of worm蜗轮 worm gear涡圈形盘簧 power spring无级变速装置 stepless speed changes devices无穷大 infinite系杆 crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡 field balancing向心轴承 radial bearing向心力 centrifugal force相对速度 relative velocity相对运动 relative motion相对间隙 relative gap象限 quadrant橡皮泥 plasticine细牙螺纹 fine threads销 pin消耗 consumption小齿轮 pinion小径 minor diameter橡胶弹簧 balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律 modified trapezoidal acceleration motion修正正弦加速度运动规律 modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical gear斜键、钩头楔键 taper key泄漏 leakage谐波齿轮 harmonic gear谐波传动 harmonic driving谐波发生器 harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the helical gear 心轴 spindle行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数 advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置 planetary transmission行星轮 planet gear行星轮变速装置 planetary speed changing devices行星轮系 planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构 positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实 virtual reality虚拟现实技术 virtual reality technology, vrt虚拟现实设计 virtual reality design, vrd虚约束 redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量 allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角 allowable pressure angle许用应力 allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构 cantilever structure悬臂梁 cantilever beam循环功率流 circulating power load旋转力矩 running torque旋转式密封 rotating seal旋转运动 rotary motion选型 type selection压力 pressure压力中心 center of pressure压缩机 compressor压应力 compressive stress压力角 pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器 jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling 雅可比矩阵 jacobi matrix摇杆 rocker液力传动 hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器 hydraulic couplers液体弹簧 liquid spring液压无级变速 hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构 hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链 generalized kinematic chain移动从动件 reciprocating follower移动副 prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节 prismatic joint移动凸轮 wedge cam盈亏功 increment or decrement work应力幅 stress amplitude应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 factor of stress concentration应力图 stress diagram应力—应变图 stress-strain diagram优化设计 optimal design油杯 oil bottle油壶 oil can油沟密封 oily ditch seal有害阻力 useless resistance有益阻力 useful resistance有效拉力 effective tension有效圆周力 effective circle force有害阻力 detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动 cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion预紧力 preload原动机 primer mover圆带 round belt圆带传动 round belt drive圆弧齿厚 circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm圆角半径 fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器 disc friction clutch圆盘制动器 disc brake原动机 prime mover原始机构 original mechanism圆形齿轮 circular gear圆柱滚子 cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副 cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构 barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮 cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器 cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧 conoid helical-coil compression spring 圆锥滚子 tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears圆锥角 cone angle原动件 driving link约束 constraint约束条件 constraint condition约束反力 constraining force跃度 jerk跃度曲线 jerk diagram运动倒置 kinematic inversion运动方案设计 kinematic precept design运动分析 kinematic analysis运动副 kinematic pair运动构件 moving link运动简图 kinematic sketch运动链 kinematic chain运动失真 undercutting运动设计 kinematic design运动周期 cycle of motion运动综合 kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数 coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度 kenematic viscosity载荷 load载荷—变形曲线 load—deformation curve载荷—变形图 load—deformation diagram窄 v 带 narrow v belt毡圈密封 felt ring seal展成法 generating张紧力 tension张紧轮 tension pulley振动 vibration振动力矩 shaking couple振动频率 frequency of vibration振幅 amplitude of vibration正切机构 tangent mechanism正向运动学 direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构 sine generator, scotch yoke织布机 loom正应力、法向应力 normal stress制动器 brake直齿圆柱齿轮 spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear直角三角形 right triangle直角坐标操作器 cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数 diametral quotient直径系列 diameter series直廓环面蜗杆 hindley worm直线运动 linear motion直轴 straight shaft质量 mass质心 center of mass执行构件 executive link; working link质径积 mass-radius product智能化设计 intelligent design, id中间平面 mid-plane中心距 center distance中心距变动 center distance change中心轮 central gear中径 mean diameter终止啮合点 final contact, end of contact周节 pitch周期性速度波动 periodic speed fluctuation周转轮系 epicyclic gear train肘形机构 toggle mechanism轴 shaft轴承盖 bearing cup轴承合金 bearing alloy轴承座 bearing block轴承高度 bearing height轴承宽度 bearing width轴承内径 bearing bore diameter轴承寿命 bearing life轴承套圈 bearing ring轴承外径 bearing outside diameter轴颈 journal轴瓦、轴承衬 bearing bush轴端挡圈 shaft end ring轴环 shaft collar轴肩 shaft shoulder轴角 shaft angle轴向 axial direction轴向齿廓 axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷 static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic axial load rating 轴向基本额定静载荷 basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承 axial contact bearing轴向平面 axial plane轴向游隙 axial internal clearance轴向载荷 axial load轴向载荷系数 axial load factor轴向分力 axial thrust load主动件 driving link主动齿轮 driving gear主动带轮 driving pulley转动导杆机构 whitworth mechanism转动副 revolute (turning) pair转速 swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节 revolute joint转轴 revolving shaft转子 rotor转子平衡 balance of rotor装配条件 assembly condition锥齿轮 bevel gear锥顶 common apex of cone锥距 cone distance锥轮 bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆 milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear子程序 subroutine子机构 sub-mechanism自动化 automation自锁 self-locking自锁条件 condition of self-locking自由度 degree of freedom, mobility总重合度 total contact ratio总反力 resultant force总效率 combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理 theory of constitution组合齿形 composite tooth form组合安装 stack mounting组合机构 combined mechanism阻抗力 resistance最大盈亏功 maximum difference work between plus and minus work纵向重合度 overlap contact ratio纵坐标 ordinate组合机构 combined mechanism最少齿数 minimum teeth number最小向径 minimum radius作用力 applied force坐标系 coordinate frame。
5机械工程专业英语翻译的基本方法-转换词性与改换译法-
机械工程专业英语English inMechanicalEngineering宋宜梅songym@桂林电子科技大学——机电工程学院2008.02翻译的基本方法–转换词性Skills of Translation–transform part of speech and way 转换词性是根据翻译的需要将英语某一词性的词译为汉语另一词性的方法的词译为汉语另一词性的方法。
在以下情况下可考虑转换词性在以下情况下可考虑转换词性::当英语某一词性的词相当于汉语另一词性时当英语某一词性的词相当于汉语另一词性时;; 当某词按同一词性翻译不能确切表达该词的意义时; 当某词按同一词性翻译而使得汉语句子不通顺时当某词按同一词性翻译而使得汉语句子不通顺时。
1、转译为汉语动词1)名词转译成动词名词转译成动词::英语中往往习惯于利用动名词英语中往往习惯于利用动名词、、具有动作意义的抽象名词和由动词派生的名词来表达动作概念的抽象名词和由动词派生的名词来表达动作概念,,而在翻译中往往需要将其转译成汉语动词而在翻译中往往需要将其转译成汉语动词,,以便译句符合汉语的语言习惯句符合汉语的语言习惯。
The flow of electrons is from the negative plate to the positive.One of the principal rules of thelathe maintenance is timely lubrication of all friction surfaces.Let me have a look at the machine.2)形容词转译成动词由于英汉两种语言对某些要领的表达方式不。
英语句子中的形容词有时需要转译成汉语动词。
同,英语句子中的形容词有时需要转译成汉语动词 The force is perpendicular to the surface. We are grateful to you for your help.3)副词转译成动词Engineers took the machine apart yesterday.The reaction force to this action force pushes rocket ship along.课堂小练习 I am certain be saw me.2. 转译成汉语名词 1)动词转译成名词为了符合汉语习惯为了符合汉语习惯,,英语句子中某些动词不宜照译为汉语动词译为汉语动词,,而应该转译在汉语名词而应该转译在汉语名词。
4机械工程专业英语翻译的基本方法-增词与减词-
机械工程专业英语English in Mechanical Engineering宋宜梅songym@桂林电子科技大学——机电工程学院 2008.02翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words 由于两种语言表达同一事物的方式不同, 由于两种语言表达同一事物的方式不同 英 文中必要的词可能在汉语中是画蛇添足, 文中必要的词可能在汉语中是画蛇添足,英 文中没有的词,汉语又非加上不可。
文中没有的词,汉语又非加上不可。
增加的词应是原文中虽无形但有意在的词, 增加的词应是原文中虽无形但有意在的词, 减去的词应是译文中显得多余、累赘的词。
减去的词应是译文中显得多余、累赘的词。
一、增词译法若按英文字面翻译,句子的结构不完善, 若按英文字面翻译,句子的结构不完善,或 句子的含义不明确, 句子的含义不明确,或词汇的概念不清晰 需要增加某些词语,以便更完善、 时,需要增加某些词语,以便更完善、清楚 地表达英语句子的内容。
地表达英语句子的内容。
The pressure increase with temperature. Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance increases weight.1. 增加表示时态的概念的词英语中表达时态的词往往是没有词义的, 英语中表达时态的词往往是没有词义的,翻 词将其表达出来: 译时必须用一些中文 词将其表达出来:Balloons were (and are) usually filled with hydrogen.We can learn what we did not know. An object is said to possess kinetic energy if it is moving. We have learned how to fit the computer.课堂小练习Reamers (绞刀 are used to finish 绞刀) 绞刀 drilled holes.2. 补充原文省略的词英语中常根据语法或语言习惯省略某些词语, 英语中常根据语法或语言习惯省略某些词语,如重 复出现时,省去形容词修饰的名词, 复出现时,省去形容词修饰的名词,用do代替实义 代替实义 动词,在省略句中,省去连词、主语、 动词,在省略句中,省去连词、主语、谓语动词或 其它成分等: 其它成分等:In figure 5, P is the resistance, S the distance and C the effort.When pure, water is a colorless liquid. The changes in matter around us are of two types, physical and chemical.课堂小练习All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. However small, a body has weight.3. 补充表示数的概念的词语一般来说,表示单数的不定冠词 和名词的 一般来说,表示单数的不定冠词a和名词的 复数形式是不必译出的。
机械化英语翻译法笔记(免费分享)
*********************************************************机械化英语翻译法————钟平老师听课笔记简介:本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维,将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。
如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子,但切记:词汇是一切的根本。
一、英语之基本规则主干先行(主、谓、宾),废话后置(定、状)二、主干的确定构成一句话的主要条件是:主语+谓语1> 谓语:a.划出所有动词;b.排除具有下列条件的动词:从句中的、句首状语层次中的动词、前面无助动词(be/have)的分词、to do形式(谓语+to do除外,因为它整体作谓语)、活用的动词(如动词当名词用)* 单词的活用能通过运用简单词,让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。
例:Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好)You were,are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中)2> 主语:a.句首的第一个名词性结构;b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。
名词性结构:名词、代词、动名词(v+ing)、动词不定式(to do)、从句、It+……+从句/to do;非名词性结构:介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。
3> 宾语:每个谓语后面的第一个名词性结构。
三、复杂英文模式之计算公式:[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语}例:[Although not so world widely accepted],people (who are emotionally weak in daily business) are [often] losers (who are not able to fulfil any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure).子公式(无宾语模式): [状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]* 宾语后一般都是定语,除非一开始就有表示状语的概念(如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因、条件、举例等)* ‚—‛‚,‛‚;‛后的结构一般为插入语,处理方法:插入语=状语四、定状的汉化(核心)1> 前提:分别划出各定状层次,包括:a.分词结构(过分-ed、现分-ing)b.从句c.介词短语。
机电专业外语 汉译英短语 (7、8章)
1、机电一体化技术是一门关于机械学、电子学和信息技术的跨学科技术。
Mechatronics is the interdisciplinary of mechanics,electronics and information technology.2、机器人是机电一体化技术发展的产物,它涉及机械学、电子学、智能控制技术等。
Robot is the evolutional outcome of mechatronics,which includes mechanics,electronics and intelligent control technology,etc3、机电一体化技术广泛英语于汽车工业、机械工业及国防工业。
Mechtronics has been applying widely to auto industry, mechanical industry and nationa defense industry.4、今天,机电一体化技术已成为研制机器人的关键技术Today, mechatronics has become the key technology of developing robots.5、一般来说,自从20世纪80年代计算机技术和信息技术就已经发展的很快。
In general, computer technology and information technology have rapidly developed ever since the 1980s.6、借助自动调节系统,这个生产线生产的产品质量已经越来越高,生产成本越来越低。
By virtue of the automatic self—regulating system, the quality of products made by this mass—produced line has become higher and higher, and lower and lower in the productive cost。
论机械化翻译法的内容,特点和应用
论机械化翻译法的内容,特点和应用----作者:淮鹏内容1.句子模式:(状语)主(定语)谓语(小状语)宾语(定语/状语)2.句子成分划定为:主干和废话。
主干即主谓宾。
废话即状语和定语。
3.确定主干①主语:第一个独立名词②谓语:排除法从句中的动词不是;分词(ing,ed,to do) ing和ed 前没有have和d o的不是,to do不是③宾语:谓语之后的第一个独立名词4.确定废话原则:以分词短语、介词短语、从句为划分单元。
问题:怎样将这些分散的单元有顺序的组织起来,以便于翻译合理?方法:排序①对于状语翻译原则:倒序翻译对于句间并列(部分之间以and,or,not only...but also连接,且各部分地位平等),翻译时不倒序。
V+从句,不变序例如,in the morning when she decided that she had to go, .......第一部分in the morning 第二部分when she decided 第三部分that she had to go 第二、第三部分不能到这翻译。
应为:在她决定要走的那个早上,......。
②对于定语翻译原则:倒序+前置。
英文:n+①②③定语中文:③②①+n并列不变序、V+从句不变序原则与状语一致分开翻译原则:①介词+从句例如,i had a meeting in which i gave a plan.我有一个会议,在会上我提了个计划。
②,+从句例如,she left without bye,which maks me sad.她不说一句就走了,这使我很伤心。
(注:which在翻译时一律翻为:“这”)任意规范原则(前2后3/前多后少原则)例如,according to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators状语主语in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%within 15 years of the start of exploitation.定语谓语小状语①②③④⑤前少后多:前2后3.即先翻译后3个,再翻前两个,可以使句子通顺。
机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(I)2
initial phase 初始相位 initial position 初始位置 initial pressure 初压⼒ initial speed 初速度 initial state 初态 initial state quantity 初态量 initial strain 初应变 initial stress 初应⼒ initial stress matrix 起始应⼒矩阵 initial tension 初张⼒ initial thrust 起始推⼒ initial torque 起动转矩 initial unbalance 初始不平衡 initial value 初值 initial velocity 初速度 initial vortex 初始涡旋 initial wave 初⽣波 initiation of fracture 断裂的引发 injection 注⼊ injection molding 注模 injection pressure 喷射压⼒ injury 损伤 inlet angle 进⼝⾓ inlet edge 前缘 inlet pressure 进⽓压⼒ inlet temperature ⼊⼝温度 inlet velocity 进⼝速度 inner energy 内能 inner friction 内摩擦 inner gimbal 内框架 inner orbit 内轨道 inner potential 内势 inner stress 内部应⼒ inplane shear ⾯内剪切 input 输⼊ input power 输⼊ input resistance 输⼊阻抗 instability 不稳定性 instability constant 不稳定常数 instability criterion 不稳定性判据 instability stress 不稳定应⼒ instable equlibrium 不稳定平衡 instable motion 不稳定运动 installation 装置 instantaneous 瞬时的 instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度 instantaneous angular velocity 瞬时⾓速度 instantaneous angular velocity vector 瞬时⾓速度⽮ instantaneous axis 瞬轴 instantaneous axis of rotation 转动瞬轴 instantaneous breakdown 瞬时破裂 instantaneous center 瞬时中⼼ instantaneous center of accelerations 瞬时加速中⼼ instantaneous center of rotation 瞬时转动中⼼ instantaneous center of velocities 瞬时速度中⼼ instantaneous flow 瞬时量 instantaneous force 瞬时⼒ instantaneous frequency 瞬时频率 instantaneous load 瞬时装载 instantaneous motion 瞬时运动 instantaneous orbit 瞬时轨道 instantaneous orbital plane 瞬时轨道⾯ instantaneous perturbation 瞬时扰动 instantaneous power 瞬时功率 instantaneous rotation 瞬时转动 instantaneous space 瞬时空间 instantaneous strain 瞬时应变 instantaneous system of coordinates 瞬时坐标系 instantaneous value 瞬时值 instantaneous variable structure 瞬时可变结构 instantaneous velocity 瞬时速度 instrumental error 仪企差 insulant 绝缘材料 insulation 防振 insulator 绝缘体 intake pressure 进⽓压⼒ intake valve 进给阀 integrability condition 可积条件 integral of motion 运动积分 integral principle 积分原理 integral theorem of fourier 傅⾥叶积分公式 integrated flux 积分通量 integrated intensity 累积强度 integrating gyroscope 积分陀螺仪 integration method of velocity measurement 速度测量的积分法 intense explosion 强爆炸 intensification 加强 intensity 强度 intensity of continuous load 持续负载强度 intensity of distributed load 负载强度 intensity of emission 发射强度 intensity of load 负载强度 intensity wave 强度波 interacting field 相互酌场 interaction 相互酌 interaction cross section 相互酌截⾯ interaction force 相互酌⼒ interaction law 相互酌定律 interaction potential 相互酌势 interaction space 相互酌空间 interaction strength 相互酌强度 interatomic force 原⼦间⼒ interception 截击 interchange 交换 interchange coefficient 交换系数 interchange deformation 互换型变形 interchange diffusion 交换扩散 interchange instability 交换不稳定性 intercrystalline boundary 晶粒间边界 intercrystalline brittleness 晶间脆性 interdiffusion 相互扩散 interface 界⾯ interface layer 界⾯层 interface normal 界⾯法线 interface reaction 界⾯反应 interface region 边界层区域 interface wave 界⾯波 interfacial diffusion 界⾯扩散 interfacial disturbance 界⾯扰动 interfacial mass transfer 界⾯传质 interfacial tension 界⾯张⼒ interfacial viscosity 界⾯粘性 interference ⼲涉 interference fringe ⼲涉条纹 interference phenomenon ⼲涉现象 interference ring ⼲涉环 interference vortex ⼲涉涡 interfering energy ⼲扰能量 interferometer ⼲涉仪 interferometry ⼲涉法 intergranular crack 晶间裂纹 interior boundary value problem 内边值问题 interior force 内⼒ interlacement 交错 interlacing 交错 interlock 联销 intermediary orbit 中间轨道 intermediate axis 中间轴 intermediate coupling 中间耦合 intermediate layer 中间层 intermediate pressure 中间压⼒ intermediate wave 中间波 intermittent motion 间歇运动 intermittent wind tunnel 间歇式风洞 intermolecular bond 分⼦间键 intermolecular force 分⼦间⼒ intermolecular potential 分⼦间势 intermolecular tension 分⼦间张⼒ internal aerodynamics 内琳⽓动⼒学 internal combustion engine 内燃机 internal constraint 内部约束 internal crack 内部裂缝 internal diameter 内径 internal disturbance 内部⼲扰 internal effect 内效应 internal efficiency 内部效率 internal energy 内能 internal field 内场 internal flow 内流 internal force 内⼒ internal friction 内摩擦 internal friction factor 内擦系数 internal friction of rotor 转⼦内摩擦 internal magnetic field 内磁场 internal potential energy 内势能 internal pressure 内压⼒ internal resistance 内阻⼒ internal rotation 内旋转 internal rupture 内破裂 internal stress 内部应⼒ internal structure 内部结构 internal surface 内表⾯ internal variable 内变量 internal wave 内波 internal work 内功 international standard atmosphere 国际标准⼤⽓ interphase 界⾯ interpolating function 内插函数 interpolation 内插法 interrupted wave 斩波 intersection 交叉 intersection line 交叉线 intersection point 交叉点 interstitial fluid 间隙液体 interstitial pressure 渗压⽑细⽔压 interstitial water 间隙⽔ interval 区间 intihyperbolic cosine 反双曲余弦 intraatomic force 原⼦内⼒ intramolecular force 分⼦内⼒ intrinsic 内倌 intrinsic coordinates 内蕴坐标 intrinsic defect 固有缺陷 intrinsic displacement 内位移 intrinsic energy 内能 intrinsic equation 内蕴⽅程 intrinsic magnetic moment 内倥矩 intrinsic property 固有性质 intrinsic variable 固有变量 intrinsic viscosity 固有粘度 invariable 不变的 invariable plane 不变平⾯ invariable system 不变系 invariance 不变性 invariant 不变量 invariant function 不变函数 invariant plane 不变平⾯ invariant system 不变系 invariant theory 不变量理论 inverse ballistic problem 反弹道问题 inverse calculation 回代 inverse collision 逆碰撞 inverse hyperbolic cosine 反双曲余弦 inverse laplace transformation 拉普拉斯逆变换 inverse method 逆解法 inverse problem 逆问题 inverse transformation 逆变换 inversion 反演 inversion formula 反演公式 inverted arch 仰拱 inverter 逆变器变换器 inviscid fluid ⾮粘性铃 ion bombardment 离⼦轰击 ion cyclotron frequency 离⼦回旋频率 ion cyclotron heating 离⼦回旋加热 ion cyclotron resonance 离⼦回旋共振 ion diffusion 离⼦扩散 ion electron emission 离⼦电⼦发射 ion exchange bed 离⼦交换层 ion exchange membrane 离⼦交换膜 ion flux 离⼦流 ion heating 离⼦加热 ion impact 离⼦碰撞 ion orbit 离⼦轨道 ion path 离⼦轨道 ion plasma frequency 离⼦等离⼦体频率 ion slip 离⼦滑移 ion sound speed 离⼦声速 ion sound velocity 离⼦声速 ion trajectory 离⼦轨道 ionic deformation 离⼦形变 ionic equilibrium 离⼦平衡 ionic friction 离⼦摩擦 ionic liquid 离⼦液体 ionic plasma 电离等离⼦体 ionic solid 离⼦固体 ionization 电离 ionization balance 电离平衡 ionization energy 电离能 ionization equilibrium 电离平衡 ionization frequency 电离频率 ionization pressure 电离压⼒ ionization state 电离状态 ionized gas 电离⽓体 ionizing capacity 电离本领 ionizing collision 电离碰撞 ionizing power 电离本领 ionizing shock 电离碰撞 ionosphere 电离层 ionospheric wave 电离层波 irregularity of flow 怜⾮正规性 irreversibility 不可逆性 irreversible 不可逆的 irreversible process 不可逆过程 irreversible reaction 不可逆反应 irreversible thermodynamics 不可逆过程热⼒学 irrotational field ⽆旋场 irrotational flow ⽆旋流 irrotational motion ⽆旋运动 irrotational vector ⽆旋⽮ irrotationality ⽆旋涡性 irwin orowan theory 欧⽂奥罗万理论 isallobaric wind 等变压风 isanemone 等风速线 isenthalpic change 等焓变化 isentrope 等熵线 isentropic change 等熵变化 isentropic flow 等熵怜 isentropic process 等熵过程 isentropic surface 等熵⾯ isentropy 等熵 isoallobaric wind 等变压风 isobar 等压线 isobaric 等压的 isobaric change 等压变化 isobaric compressibility 等压压缩性 isobaric expansion 等压膨胀 isobaric expansion coefficient 等压膨胀系数 isobaric heat capacity 等压热容 isobaric process 等压过程 isobaric surface 等压⾯ isobath 等深线 isochore 等容线 isochoric change 等容变化 isochromatic curve 等⾊线 isochromatic line 等⾊线 isoclinic line 等斜线 isoclinic method 等倾法 isocurlus 等旋涡强度线 isodensitometer 等密度计 isodynam 等磁⼒线 isodynamic change 等⼒变化 isodyne 等⼒线 isoenergetic surface 等能量⾯ isoflux 等通量 isogels 等凝胶 isohypse line 等⾼线 isokatabase 等降压线 isolated system 孤⽴系 isolated vortex 孤⽴涡 isomorphic mapping 同构映射 isomorphism 同构 isopach 等厚线 isopachyte 等厚线 isoparametric element 等参数元 isoperimetric problem 等周问题 isophase 等相 isophase surface 等相⾯ isopiestic 等压的 isopiestic process 等压过程 isopiestic specific heat 恒压⽐热 isopotential curve 等势线 isopotential line 等势线 isopotential surface 等势⾯ isorotation theorem 等旋定理 isostasy 地壳均衡 isostatic surface 均衡⾯ isotac 同时解冻线 isotach 等速线 isothermal annealing 等温退⽕ isothermal change 等温变化 isothermal compression 等温压缩 isothermal deformation 等温形变 isothermal elastic potential 等温弹性势 isothermal equilibrium 等温平衡 isothermal expansion 等温膨胀 isothermal flow 等温怜 isothermal line 等温线 isothermal modulus of elasticity 等温弹性模量 isothermal process 等温过程 isothermal speed of sound 等温声速 isothermal surface 等温⾯ isotropic body 蛤同性体 isotropic curve 蛤同性线 isotropic elasticity 蛤同性弹性 isotropic material 蛤同性材料 isotropic medium 蛤同性介质 isotropic plane 蛤同性⾯ isotropic stress 蛤同性应⼒ isotropic turbulence 蛤同性湍流 isotropic vector 蛤同性⽮量 isotropism 蛤同性 isotropy 蛤同性 isovector 等⽮量 isovector resonance 等⽮量共振 isovelocity 等速线 iteration 迭代 iterative method 迭代法 ixodynamics 粘滞动⼒学。
化机专业英语翻译技巧20
3.、运用从句和长句 3.、 (一)定语从句 关系代词( as等 关系代词(如whose, which, that, as等)或关系副词 where等 (如:when, where等)可视为定语从句与先行词之 间的承接词,在定语从句中可作一个句子成分。 间的承接词,在定语从句中可作一个句子成分。例 如: (1)Helical gears are commonly used in the machines where quiet, smooth operation is required? where在定语从句中作状语 在定语从句中作状语) (where在定语从句中作状语)斜齿轮通常用在要 求噪音小,运转平稳的机器中。 求噪音小,运转平稳的机器中。 (2)The material of which the body is made is assumed to be homogeneous and continuous throughout the body.(which在定语从句中作介词宾 body.(which在定语从句中作介词宾 语) 假设组成整个物体的材料是均匀连续的。 假设组成整个物体的材料是均匀连续的。
1、If nothing is known in advance about the strain state, three elements are required.(条件) required.(条件) 如果应力状态在起初是未知的,则需要三个应变片。 如果应力状态在起初是未知的,则需要三个应变片。 2、To harden a part it has to be heated in the range of 1450° 1600° 1450°to 1600°F,where it takes the form of austenite. 地点) (地点) 零件淬火时必须加温到1450—1600° 的范围, 零件淬火时必须加温到1450—1600°F的范围,在这 一温度范围内,材料的金相组织为奥氏体。 一温度范围内,材料的金相组织为奥氏体。 3、When, as is usually the case, science does not give a complete answer, it is necessary to use experience and judgment.(时间) judgment.(时间) 通常,当科学还不能完整地提供问题的解答时, 通常,当科学还不能完整地提供问题的解答时,人 们就得借助于经验和判断力 。
机械专业英语2词语翻译技巧
微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。(v)
The patient was connected to a television wave monitor.
病人的情况曾通过波形监视器监视。 (n)
词义的选择
➢ This cooling system failed. 这个冷却系统失效了.
➢ Newton’s laws fail to describe the motion of electrons in atoms.
牛顿的一些定律未能阐述电子在原子里的运动。 ➢ If the beam fails, the top layers of the supports will be
The course of
Special English for Mechanical Engineering
翻译的基本方法
要提高译文的质量, 使译文达到“准确”、 “简练”、“通顺”这三个标准,就必须学习翻 译技巧。翻译的技巧就是在翻译过程中用词造句 的处理方法。如词的选择、词义的引伸、增词、 减词、转换词类、改变句子结构、变更词序和改 换译法等。
crushed and the bottom layers torn. 如果桥梁垮断,则支柱的上面几层会压垮,而下面会破裂。 ➢ Few metals occur free. 金属呈游离状态的很少。 ➢ One of the parts worked free. 有一个部件松了。
词义的选择
3、根据专业内容选择词义
Lesson 2 Carbon and Alloy steel
背景资料 译文
1 碳钢与合金钢 2 不锈钢 3 结构钢 4 工具钢
机械专业英语翻译的方法及技巧
“scarcely/hardly … not” “几乎没有 … 不”
There is scarcely any sphere of industry where electricity may not find useful application . ( 几乎没有一个生活 领域不利用电。 )
“in the absence of‘ … not/no/nothing” “没有 … 不”
“The beamshall be arranged that the discha rge of the content ofthe wagons is not imp eded to any appreciable extent.” “横梁的设计要保证翻车卸货时存料量小” “not impeded to anyappreciable extent”是 “存料量小”的意思,
2.2 压缩主干法
Perhaps the simplest flexible coupling (permitting small amounts of axial misalignment and/for torsional flexibility)consists of a piece of elastic material (bonded to two separated collinear cylindrical members) (which in turn can be fastened onto the two shafts by means of setscrews or other fasteners . )
2.6 no 修饰名词时,否定转移为否定谓语动词
Generally speaking , no new substance forms in a physical change . ( 总的来说,物理变化中不产生新的 物质。 ) 2.7 在动词“ think , believe , suppose … ”等 之后若有从句时,若原文否定主句动词,翻译时变为否定 从句 We did not think that a death-ray could be produced . ( 我们认为不可能产生死光。 )
3机械工程专业英语翻译的基本方法-词义的引伸-
机械工程专业英语English inMechanicalEngineering宋宜梅songym@桂林电子科技大学——机电工程学院2008.02翻译的基本方法–词义的引伸Skills of Translation –acceptation development引伸译法引伸译法::不脱离英语词本义的前提下灵活选择恰当的汉语词或词组译出选择恰当的汉语词或词组译出。
目的目的::避免直译而造成的生硬或离意避免直译而造成的生硬或离意;; 要求要求::在意义上与原基本词义相关联在意义上与原基本词义相关联,,避免歪曲原意。
一、使基本词义专业化This load is resisted by the tangential stress acting uniformly over the stressed area.The independent chuck has four jaws, while the universal chuck has only three.在专业性文章中在专业性文章中,,某些生活常用基本词汇已含有专业概念含有专业概念,,应根据专业而引伸出词义应根据专业而引伸出词义。
二、使基本词义明确化Note, therefore, that when we calibrate the scale to read in ohms, these calibrations go backward .当基本词义在该句中意义含糊或比较费解时当基本词义在该句中意义含糊或比较费解时,,应使其明确化其明确化。
三、使基本词义具体化 英语中有的词意思很笼统英语中有的词意思很笼统,,很概括很概括。
例如例如::“good”表示“好”,用得极其广泛用得极其广泛,,但具体“好”在哪里呢在哪里呢??我们应根据具体情况翻译我们应根据具体情况翻译,,使语意更加清晰意更加清晰。
A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.Rivers provide good sources of hydro-power.It has long been thought of making good use of the sun’s energy to serve the human being.The workers gave the machine a good checking.当英语词义笼统当英语词义笼统、、概括时概括时,,应将基本词义具体化体化,,使语义更加清晰使语义更加清晰。
浅谈机械工程专业英语翻译方法及技巧
机械工程专业英语翻译方法及技巧1.引言:随着制造业飞速发展,与国际间的合做、交流日益频繁,面对国外先进技术的英文资料,这就要求我们机械工程人员除了掌握综合英语的知识外,还要有一定专业英语知识和翻译的能力;机械工程专业英翻译上和文学英语的翻译有很大不同。
机械工程专业英语是科技英语的一种,科技英语翻译不注重华丽的表达,一般不带主观成分来描述,很少采用文采之类的修辞方法,而是重在叙事实推理,具有科学性、逻辑性、客观性的特点,因此在翻译上更要注重内容的准确、结构严谨和概念明了; 最重要的一点就是要求翻译者要具备充足的背景知识。
2.机械工程英语的特点2.1词汇2.1.1专业词汇较多tolerance( 公差)die(模具)clearance fit(间隙配合) transition fit (过渡配合) interference fit(过溋配合)turning(车削)2.1.2 较多的复合词、缩略词随着发展复合词、缩略词越来越多,如:worktable(工作台)headstock(床头箱)mother-of-pearl(珠光体)stress-strain(应力应变)open-loop(开环)NC(numerical control ) 数控CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计FMS(flexible manufacturing systems)柔性制造系统CAPP(computer-aided process planning )计算机辅助工艺规划2.1.3 动名词使用较广泛动名词较多本来就是科技英语的一大特点,这与科技英语要求简洁表达客观实是分不开的。
如:Valves that restrict flow into another area can be of the reducing type. (调节流量到另一区域的阀类可能是减压型的。
)2.1.4非限定性词所谓非限定性词即:分词和动词不定式,在工程英语中使用非限定性词简化了句子,使读者更易读懂。
实用英语词汇系列:机械翻译词汇_Part2
glazing磷化预处理phosphating pretreatment薄膜磷化处理thin amorphous phosphating湿碰湿wet-to-wet钝化passivating结皮现象skinning起皱wrinkling遮蔽masking凉干flash off气幕air seal喷漆室booth干式喷漆室dry spray booth水过滤式喷漆室water wash spray booth下吸式喷漆室down draft spray booth侧抽风喷漆室spray booth of side exhaust油漆调制室paint mixing room打磨间scuff sand booth通过式烘干室passing through type baking oven 桥式烘干室bridge type baking oven辐射对流烘干室joint radiation convection oven 浸漆设备dip equipment浸漆槽dip tank循环槽recirculating tank自动喷漆机automatic sprayer热喷漆机flow coating equipment淋漆设备flow coating equipment手工浸漆设备hand dip equipment无空气喷涂设备airless spray equipment电泳涂漆设备electro apparatus电涂漆设备electrocoating installation静电喷漆设备electrostatic spray equipment 喷枪spray gun双头喷枪double head spray gun空气喷枪air spray gun吊具sling推杆悬链double-chain conveyer悬挂运输链overhead conveyer油水分离器oil-water separator油漆调制罐paint mixing tank除尘装置dust collector静电除尘装置electrostatic dust collector阴极罩cathode shiedl超滤装置ultrafiltration device喷砂机sand blasting machine红外线固化IR curing紫外线固化UV curing电子束固化electron beam curing辐射固化漆膜radiation cured coating (RCC) 光泽计glossmeter比重计gravimeter粘度计viscosimetr细度计fineness gauge厚度计thickness gauge遮盖力测定仪cryptometer电镀electroplating预镀(冲镀)striking防镀(止镀)resist无氰电镀non-cyanide plating化学电镀electroless plating气相电镀vapor plating挂镀rack用假阴极电镀dummying机械电镀mechanical plating浸镀immersion plating退镀stripping滚镀barrel plating电解沉积electrowinning混浊度turbidity侵蚀fretting侵渍作用maceration亲水的hydrophilic疏水的hydrophobic絮凝剂flocculant光亮镀层bright coating防腐镀层coating for protection against corrosion 冲洗flush打光lapping抛光burnishing滚光tumbling变色tarnishing电解electrolysis沉淀法decantation抗暗处理anti-tarnish treatment均镀力levelling power深镀能力covering power酸洗pickling磷化phosphating镀锌galvanizing漂白whiten出斑点spotting out电镀机plating machine自动电镀装置automatic plating machine直线式电镀机straight-line plating machine挂式电镀机plating machine held on racks钟形滚镀机oblique-barrel plating machine微型滚镀机portable plating barrel冷水槽cold rinse bank双联冷水槽double countercurrent rinse tank 电解去油槽electrolytic cleaner衬铅槽lead lined steel tank哈林电槽haring cell热水槽hot rise tank超声波去油槽ultrasonic cleaning tank浸酸槽acid dip tank温水槽warm rinse tank赫尔槽hull cell镀锌槽zinc-plating tank固定槽plating tank回收槽reclaim tank水平全浸式滚筒horizontally fully-immersed barrel 六角滚筒hexagonal plating barrel孔板流量计orifie meter浊度计nephelometer库仑计coulometer滴重计stalagmometer汽车制造设备manufactruing equipment of automobile 万能铣床universal milling machine内外圆研磨床inner-outer happing machine仿形车床copy lathe龙门刨床double housing planer牛头刨床shaper攻丝机threading machine双柱坐标镗床double pillar jig borer滚丝机thread roller滚齿机hobbing machine钻床drilling machine插床slotting machine珩齿机gear honing machine平衡-钻中心孔机床balancing centering machine曲轴车床crankshaft turning lathe双工位曲轴车床double-post carnkshafttruning blathe曲轴(主轴颈)车床crankshaft (main journal turning lathe) 凸轮轴(轴颈)车床camshaft(journal )turning lathe液压仿形车床dydraulic coping lathe凸轮轴仿形车床camsahft coping lathe多轴深孔钻床multi-spindle deep hole drilling machine曲轴轴颈铣削专用机床crankshaft journal milling machine数控曲轴铣床N/C crankshaft milling machine螺纹铣床thread milling mahcine球面蜗杆铣床cone-worm milling machine花键轴铣床spline shaft milling mahcine转鼓铣床drum milling machine旋风式曲轴铣床whirl-wind type crankshaft milling machine曲轴主轴颈磨床cranksahft journal grinding machine凸轮轴磨床camshaft grinding machine螺纹磨床thread grinding machine活塞销超精加工机piston pin superfinishing machine弹簧端面磨床grinding machine for spiral spring活塞椭圆磨床piston oval -grinding mahcine多砂轮平面磨床multiple abrasive wheels surface grinding machine 宽砂轮外圆磨床wide abrasive wheel cylindrical grinding machine 蜗杆磨床worm grinding machine靠模磨床copy grinding mahcine花键磨床spline shaft grinding machine齿轮磨床gear grinding machine活塞环内外圆无心磨床internal and cylindrical centerless grinder for pistone ring活塞环卧轴双端面磨床horizontal spindle double ended grinding machine for piston ring 活塞环立轴双端面磨床vertical -spindle double ended grinding mahcine for piston ring 活塞环倒角磨床piston ring chamfering grinding machine金刚镗床diamond fine boring machine坐标镗床jig-boring machine花键轴冷打机床spline shaft cold-striking machine气缸体侧拉床cylinder block side broaching machine气缸体专用拉床cylinder block broaching machine立式双溜板外拉床vertical double-apron external broaching machine卧式连续式拉床horizontal continuous broaching machine活塞加工多工位组合机床multiple station combined machine for piston machining转鼓式双面钻镗组合机床drum type double face drilling and boring combined machine气缸盖加工自动线automatic production line for cylinder head气缸体加工自动线automatic production line for cylinder block曲轴动平衡自动线automatic production line for cranshaft dynamic balance连杆加工自动线automatic production line for connecting rod汽车主减速器壳加工自动线automatic production line for automobile final drive housing曲轴超精磨机床crankshaft superfinishing machine凸轮轴超精磨机床camshaft polishing machine曲轴轴颈抛光机床crankshaft polishing machine凸轮轴抛光机床camshaft polishing machine直齿锥齿轮刨齿机straight bevel gear generator弧齿锥齿轮铣齿机curve-tooth bevel gear milling machine弧齿锥齿轮铣刀盘刃curve-tooth bevel gear milling工具磨床cutter grinding machine剃齿机gear shaving machine挤齿机gear burnishing machine珩齿机gear honing machine直齿锥齿轮拉齿机straight bevel gear broaching machine活塞环外圆超精加工机piston ring superfinishing machine珩磨机honing machine气门座研磨机valve seat lapping machine双盘研磨机two-lap lapping machine自动换刀数控机床automatic tool changing N/C machine自动更换主轴箱数控机床automatic headstock changing N/C machine工业用机器人industrial robot砂带磨床abrasive belt grinding machine校正活塞重量半自动机床semi-automatic machine tool for correcting weight of piston 活塞环弹性自动检验机automatic inspection machine for piston ring tension液压仿形砂轮修整器hydraulic copy wheel dresser液压伺服对刀装置hydraulic servo tool setting device液压跟踪中心架hydraulic traching center test镗刀磨损自动补偿装置automatic compensating device for boring cutter wear磨圆锥齿轮孔和端面用的卡盘chuck for grinding hole and end face of bevel gear电接触式检验夹具electical -contacted type detecting fixture连杆称重去重自动线automatic line for weighting connecting rod连杆综合检验专用夹具special fixure for comprehensive detection of connecting rod 曲轴综合检验专用夹具special fixture for comrehensive detection of crankshaft压铸机die casting machine高压造型机high pressure moulding machine摆动碾压机oscillating rolling machine齿轮滚轧机gearrolling mill缸体自动造型生产线automatic moulding productio line ofr cylinder block卧式锻造机horizontal forging machine电镦机electric upsetting machine径向锻造机radial forging machine辊锻机roll forging machine多工位自动冷镦机automatic multi-stage cold fromer汽车从动锥齿轮淬火压模die quenching of automotive driven bevel gear曲轴轴颈表面淬火机床crankshaft journal face hardening machine气体渗碳自动线automatic production line for gas carburization曲轴动平衡机crankshaft dynamic balancing machine齿轮淬火压床gear hardening press汽车用材料materials used in auto manufacturing金属metal黑金属ferrous metal有色金属non=ferrous metal重金属heavy metal贵金属precious metal铸铁cast iron灰铸铁grey cast iron白口铸铁white cast iron可锻铸铁malleable cast iron球墨铸铁nodular cast iron合金铸铁alloy cast iron耐磨铸铁wear resisting cast rion耐蚀铸铁corrosion resisting cast iron冷激铸铁chilled cast rion普通碳素结构钢carbon structureal steel优质碳素结构钢improved carbon structural steel 碳素工具钢carbon tool steel合金工具钢alloy tool steel高速工具钢high speed steel合金结构钢alloy structureal steel渗碳碳素钢carburizing carbon steel渗碳合金钢carburizing alloy steel氮化钢nitriding steel调质钢hardened and tempered steel热轧弹簧钢hot rolling spring steel冷拉弹簧钢cold drawing spring steel轴承钢bearing steel不锈钢stainless steel耐热钢heat resisting steel易削钢free cutting steel镇静钢(脱氧钢)killed steel半镇静钢half-killed steel沸腾钢(不脱氧钢)rimmed steel硼钢boron steel磁钢magnetic steel铸钢cast steel软钢mild steel多层钢multi-steel平炉钢siemens-martin steel顶吹氧转炉钢Luft Dushe steel冷拔低碳无缝钢管cold drawing low carbon seamless steel tube 镀锌钢板galvanized steel sheet镀铅钢板lead-covered steel sheet渗铝钢板aluminied steel sheet不锈(耐热)钢板stainless steel sheet镇静钢冷轧钢板cold rolling killed steel sheet沸腾钢冷钆钢板cold rolling rimmed steel sheet高强度底合金钢板low alloy steel sheet with high strength 冷轧薄钢板cold rolled thin steel sheet热轧薄钢板hot rolled thin steel sheet减震复合钢板shock-resistant complex steel sheet塑料夹层消声钢板multi-steel sheet with plastic plate铬酸锌复合钢板complex steel sheet with chromate zinc 深冲压用薄钢板deep drawing sheet紫铜copper青铜bronze工业用铜commercial bronze熟青铜wrought bronze锻造青铜cast bronze铅青铜lead bronze铝青铜aluminium bronze镍青铜nickel bronze硅青铜silicon bronze锆青铜zirconium bronze钛青铜titanium bronze铬青铜chrome bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze锰青铜manganese bronze硅锰青铜silico-manganese bronze铍青铜beryllium bronze镉青铜cadmium bronze黄铜brass熟黄铜wrought brass红铜red brass硅黄铜silicon brass锰黄铜manganese brass镍黄铜nickel brass锰铜manganin顿巴黄铜tombac康铜constantan铅合金lead alloy锌合金zinc alloy锌合金锭zinc alloy ingots轴承合金bearing alloy含油轴承合金self-lubricant bearing alloy高锡铝合金双金属带bimetal strip from tin-aluminium alloy 烧结合金sintered metal形变铝合金wrought aluminium alloy铸造铝合金aluminium casting alloy 碱土巴氏合金alkali-earth babbitt铅基巴氏合金lead base babbitt铝合金avional白合金white metal伍德合金wood's metal李彼威特合金lipowit's metal因科镍合金inconelY合金y alloy铝硅合金silumin共晶合金eutectic alloy减摩合金antifriction alloy铬镍合金chromel铝镍合金alumel蒙乃尔合金monel电子合金electron (dow metal)轻金属合金light metal alloy中间合金intermediate alloy耐蚀双金属anticorrosive bimetal铸造双金属cst bimetal高强度锻造铝合金high strength duralumin 超硬铝superduralumin钢化玻璃hardened glass有机玻璃plexiglass橡胶rubber天然橡胶natural rubber合成橡胶synthetic rubber(elastomer)再生橡胶regeneratd rubber苯乙烯聚丁橡胶styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) 乙烯丙烯橡胶ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) 硫化橡胶vulcanized rubber氯丁橡胶chloroprene rubber多孔橡胶porous rubber软橡胶soft rubber钠-丁二烯橡胶sodium butadiene rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile rubber腈基丁二烯橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR)海棉橡皮spongy rubber油漆(涂料)paint汽车漆automotive enamel汽车面漆automotive topcoat汽车用喷漆automotive alcquer封底漆seal coat皱纹漆crepon finish喷底漆电泳底漆electrophoretic primer环氧电泳底漆epoxy resin electrophoretic primer 头道底漆primer末道底漆finish primer硝基底漆nitrocellulose primer磷化底漆etch primer硝基面漆nitrocellulose enamel高光泽面漆high gloss finish锤纹面漆hammer finish二道漆second coat铝粉漆(银色漆)aluminum powder paint防蚀漆anticorrosive paint防污漆antifouling paint(copper paint)防锈漆antirust paint沥青漆bituminous paint环氧树脂漆epoxy paint底漆priming paint瓷漆enamel paint烘漆baking paint耐热漆heat-resistant paint绝缘漆insulating paint绝缘涂料红丹漆red lead paint发光漆luminous paint耐火漆nonflammable paint酚醛漆phenolic paint树脂漆resin paint乙烯基树脂漆vinyl resin paint水胶涂料water paint铅白漆white lead paint锌白漆white zinc paint清漆varnish罩光清漆finish varnish水性腻子water base filler油性腻子oil-base filler环氧腻子epoxy resin filler硝化腻子nitrocellulose filler氨基腻子amino-filler水性涂料water borne coating阳离子型电泳涂料cation electrophoretic coating 阴离子型电泳涂料anion electrophoretic coating 耐油涂料oil resistant coating耐酸涂料acid-prrof coating特种涂料special coating粉未涂料powder coating防霉涂料fungus proof paint防锈涂料rust-preventing coating 表面活性剂surfactant消泡剂antifoaming agent防声胶deadener脱胶剂glue stripper脱漆剂paint stripper树脂(树胶)resin合成树脂synthetic resin人造树胶artificial resin树胶脂gum resin树脂粘结剂resinoid bond动物胶gelatin丙阶(不溶)酚醛树脂resite乙阶(半溶)酚醛树脂resitol甲阶(可溶)酚醛树脂resol聚丙烯polypropylene(PP)聚甲醛polyformaldehyde(POM) 聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride(PVC) 聚苯乙烯polystyrene(PS)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate(PC)聚乙烯polyethylene(PE)聚酰胺polyamide(PA)聚砜polysulfone(PSF)ABS 共聚体acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene polymer 聚氨酯polyurethane(PU)聚酯polyester酚醛树脂phenolric resin(PF)环氧树脂epoxy resin(EP)塑料plastics酚塑料phenola plastics氨基塑料amino plastics醋酸纤维塑料acetate fiber plastics聚氯乙烯塑料vinylene chloride plastics泡沫塑料foam plastics注射成型塑料injected-formative plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料glass-fiber reinforced plastics碳纤维增强塑料carbon-fiber reinforced plastics多孔塑料(泡沫塑料)expanded plastics热塑塑料thermoplastic plastics热固性塑料thermosetting plastics尼龙nylon纯料。
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机械化英语翻译法————钟平老师听课笔记简介:本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维,将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。
如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子,但切记:词汇是一切的根本。
一、英语之基本规则主干先行(主、谓、宾),废话后置(定、状)二、主干的确定构成一句话的主要条件是:主语+谓语1> 谓语:a.划出所有动词;b.排除具有下列条件的动词:从句中的、句首状语层次中的动词、前面无助动词(be/have)的分词、to do形式(谓语+to do除外,因为它整体作谓语)、活用的动词(如动词当名词用)* 单词的活用能通过运用简单词,让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。
例:Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好)You were, are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中)2> 主语:a.句首的第一个名词性结构;b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。
名词性结构:名词、代词、动名词(v+ing)、动词不定式(to do)、从句、It+……+从句/to do;非名词性结构:介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。
3> 宾语:每个谓语后面的第一个名词性结构。
三、复杂英文模式之计算公式:[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语}例:[Although not so world widely accepted],people (who are emotionally weak in daily business)are [often]losers (who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure).子公式(无宾语模式): [状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]* 宾语后一般都是定语,除非一开始就有表示状语的概念(如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因、条件、举例等)* ‚—‛‚,‛‚;‛后的结构一般为插入语,处理方法:插入语=状语四、定状的汉化(核心)1> 前提:分别划出各定状层次,包括:a.分词结构(过分-ed、现分-ing)b.从句 c.介词短语。
2> 状语的处理{①②③④⑤为状语层次}规则1汉化位置:句子首尾或最近的谓语前面(状语在中文中的位置)规则2倒序 If ①②③④⑤则汉化结果为⑤④③②①例: 2.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time last time …………………(2)译文:在上次第一次到白宫网站上的被使用一个体系下…………..规则3 并列不变序原则 If ①②③④⑤如果②、③之间的关系为并列(and)、转折(but)或选择(or),则②、③的顺序不变。
即汉化结果为⑤④②③①;例:Under a system deployed on the white house website and on the black housewebsite later for the first time last time………..译文:在上次第一次在白宫网站上和后来在黑宫网站上的被使用一个体系下……………..成串并列模型:如果②③整体与④⑤整体直接存在上述关系,则汉化结果为③②⑤④①即将②③、④⑤分别看成两个整体,不变序,但内部依旧变序。
例: 2.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time and on the black house website for the second time last time………………..译文:在上次第一次在白宫网站上和第二次在黑宫网站上的被使用一个体系下规则4 v+从句不变序 If ①②③④⑤如果②、③之间的关系为动词+从句的形式,则②、③的顺序也不变。
汉化结果为⑤④②③①。
例: In the morning when she decided that she had to go译文:当她决定她要走的那个早上规则5 If①②③④⑤如果①为从句(句子),则①-⑤作单句翻译3> 定语的处理规则1位置:定语在主语或宾语后。
英语表达 n.+ ①②③④⑤汉语表达⑤④③②①+n.(倒序然后放在名词前)例:Social science is that branch①of intellectual enquiry ②which seeks to study humans and their endeavors ③in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner ④that natural scientists use ⑤for the study ⑥of natural phenomena.(2003年翻译)1>找主干:Social science is that branch;2>句子中无状语,分析句子中的定语层次,标记如上句。
the branch 后有6个定语,且相互之间无连接词,做如下翻译:为有关自然现象的研究而被那些自然科学家所使用的同样充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性的方式来寻找研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支。
3>根据汉语习惯整理句子:社会科学是研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支,它同自然科学家研究自然现象的方法一样,充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性。
规则2句中有并列和v.+从句形式的处理与状语的处理的规则3、4相同。
规则3逗号+定语从句形式:分开翻译,用逗号隔开,重复先行词,剩下的部分重新排序。
例: I love my father ,who is good to me 我爱我爸他对我很好指代句子例句:She left without byebye , which makes me sad.* ,+which从句通常 which翻译成‚这‛,,+who从句 who翻译成‚其‛。
规则4介词+从句(如in which结构)分开翻译例:I held a meeting in which I presented a plan. 我开了一个会在这个会议上我提出一个计划规则5 如果有大于等于四个的层次,则可以分开,如下例中根据汉语习惯整理过程。
(仅仅用于翻译)四六开,厚重原则。
根据以上四个步骤,对下句作如下分析:例:The boy①who has been elected ②in the meeting ③last week ④held ⑤by teachers ⑥who are working ⑦in that school ⑧which located ⑨in the center ⑩of our c i t y has announced a statement①saying that he will never give up searching ②for new materials ③to replace the present one.1>找句子主干:The boy has announced a statement ;2>句子中无状语,故分析句子中的定语层次,标记如上句。
The boy后有10个定语,且没有连接词,故按状语——规则2进行排序翻译:在我们市中心的坐落的那个学校工作地教师所举行的上周的会议中被选举的男孩;a statement后面有3个定语,以同样的方式翻译:为了代替当前材料的新材料的研究他将永远不会放弃。
3>根据汉语习惯整理句子:坐落于我们市中心的那所学校的一位男孩宣布了一项声明声称,他将永远不会放弃用来替代当前材料的新材料的研究,该男孩由在那个学校工作地老师们在上周举行的会议中选举产生。
例:Social science is that branch①of intellectual enquiry ②which seeks to study humans and their endeavors ③in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner ④that natural scientists use ⑤for the study ⑥of natural phenomena.(2003年翻译)1>找主干:Social science is that branch;2>句子中无状语,分析句子中的定语层次,标记如上句。
the branch 后有6个定语,且相互之间无连接词,做如下翻译:为有关自然现象的研究而被那些自然科学家所使用的同样充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性的方式来寻找研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支。
3>根据汉语习惯整理句子:社会科学是研究人类及其行为的智力探寻的分支,它同自然科学家研究自然现象的方法一样,充满逻辑性、道理性、系统性和中立性。
五、复杂英文模式之基本分类英文中经常会出现整个句子由一个或几个连接词连接而成并列、转折或选择结构,在一句话出现表示并列、转折或选择的连接词时,就要考虑它是不是双重或者多重并列,然后着手翻译。
这种情况下将各个分句用公式单独进行分析即可。
并列的判断:①形式相同②含义相关③语法功能相同大致步骤概括:1.分析句子是不是双重或多重并列;And+从句(主语+谓语),即为双重并列And+部分:分两种情况①定状内部成分,不变序②主干并列,不涉及排序,只需要标明2.找主干;3.划层次;(熟练后可以目划)4.汉化翻译。
附:例句练习:1.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enable the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.(1)句子主干:These comments clarified the norms and requirements…(2)译文:这些评论,不论是否被接受,都澄清了已经在实践当中生效的公约的标准和要求,并且使得委员会对具体权利和事项的正义的促进做出了重大贡献。