800万吨年大庆原油常减压蒸馏装置的工艺设计—方案设计与流程模拟

辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）Graduation Project (Thesis) for Undergraduate of LSHU

题目800万吨/年大庆原油常减压蒸馏装置的工艺设计—方案设计与流程模拟

TITLE Process Design of 8 Million t/a Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Unit for Daqing Crude Oil—Scheme Design and Process Simulation

学院化学化工与环境学部

School Liaoning Shihua University

专业班级加工1301班（化工1304班）Major&Class Chemical Engineering and Technology 1304 姓名武志涛

Name Zhitao Wu

指导教师刘洁/李文深Supervisor Jie Liu/Wenshen Li

2017年 6 月 3 日

论文独创性声明

本人所呈交的论文，是在指导教师指导下，独立进行研究和开发工作所取得的成果。除文中已特别加以注明引用的内容外，论文中不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本设计的工作做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明并致谢。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。

特此声明。

论文作者（签名）：

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摘要

本次设计主要是对处理量为800万吨/年的大庆原油常减压蒸馏装置的工艺流程设计。运用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus对大庆原油蒸馏装置进行模拟优化，并运用软件Aspen Energy Analyzer 对常减压蒸馏装置的工艺流程进行全面的热集成分析。首先通过查阅文献得到原油的TBP曲线、API重度以及轻端组成等原油性质数据，在模拟计算过程中通过这些数据来生成油品的虚拟组分，从而对原油蒸馏装置进行准确的模拟，包括原油初馏、常压蒸馏、减压蒸馏三个重要过程。软件会得到原油蒸馏过程的运行数据，包括整个设备的物料平衡数据，初馏塔和常压塔的温度分布，压力对比和气液分布等。其次对常减压蒸馏工艺的全流程进行了热集成分析，采用夹点分析对冷、热流股进行匹配，生成初始换热网络，并对其进行改进优化。

本次设计模拟结果表明，原油蒸馏装置过程模拟的操作条件能反映常减压蒸馏装置操作的真实状况，设计所建立的工艺流程模拟数据可为实际生产的常减压操作提供理论依据。采用夹点技术通过热集成分析，通过改善夹点附近的流股匹配，减少穿越夹点的热流量，可以减少整个系统的公用工程消耗量，最终可获得最优的换热网络。

关键词：常减压蒸馏；流程模拟；夹点技术；换热网络；热集成

Abstract

This design is mainly on the handling capacity of 800 million to /a Daqing crude oil distillation unit of the process design.The chemical simulation software Aspen Plus was used to simulate and optimize Daqing Crude Oil Distillation Unit, and the process flow of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit was analyzed by software Aspen Energy Analyzer.First, the crude oil properties of crude oil were obtained by referring to the literature, such as TBP curve of crude oil, API gravity and light end composition. The virtual components of oil were produced by the data in the simulation process, and the crude oil distillation device was accurately simulated, including crude oil Initial distillation, atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation.The software will run the crude oil distillation process data, including material balance data for the entire plant, temperature distribution, pressure comparison and gas-liquid distribution of the primary distillation column and atmospheric column.Secondly, the whole process of the atmospheric and vacuum distillation process is analyzed by heat integration. The cold and hot flow shares are matched by pinch analysis, and the initial heat exchange network is generated and optimized.

The simulation results show that the operation conditions of the crude oil distillation unit can reflect the real situation of the operation of the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. The simulation data of the design process can provide the theoretical basis for the actual production of the atmospheric and vacuum distillation. By using the gripping technology, it can reduce the heat consumption of the whole system by improving the matching of the flow stocks near the grips and improving the heat flow through the grips. Through the heat integration analysis, the optimal heat exchange network can be obtained.

Key words: Atmospheric and vacuum distillation; process simulation; pinch technology; heat transfer network; heat integration