延续性动词和非延续性动词

一．延续性动词和非延续性动词：

㈠延续性动词：表示一种可以持续的行为过程或状态。

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1.延续性动词可以用表示一段时间的状语修饰，非延续动词不可用。

How long can I keep the book.

这本书我可以借多久？

They will work here till next Friday.

她们要在这里工作到下周五。

2.有时，非延续性动词也可以与表示一段时间的时间状语搭配，但这种表示一段时间的状语,实质上是表示一段时间内的某个时间“点”。

The play will start in half an hour.

这出戏半个小时后开始。

The fire broke out during the night.

火是夜间发生的。

3.非延续性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

While I came home, he was cooking dinner. (错)

When I came home, he was cooking dinner. (对)

4.用延续性动词表示一时的动作，可以在该动词前加get/begin/come.

When did you get to know him?

你什么时候认识他的？

They begin to see that they had made a serious mistake.

她们开始认识到自己犯了一个大错。

5.非延续性动词的否定式表示动作的否定，此时可与表示一段时间的状语搭配。We did not find our seats till the play had begin.

我们直到戏开始时才找到位子。

We have not come here for ages.

我们多年没来这里了、

The rain has not stopped since three hours ago.

这雨已经下了三个小时了。

二：一般过去时和过去进行时的区分：

㈠一般过去时：

①概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态；过去经常，反复发生的动作。

②时间状语：一段时间+ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time, the other day(前几天），at that time(当时)，etc.

③基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他

④用法：

Ⅰ.表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。

例如：My uncle mended my washing machine last Sunday afternoon.

I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it .

A. was happening

B.. happened

C. happens

D. has happened

Ⅱ.表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：

When I lived in the countryside, I swam in the river with my friends on

Saturdays.

— You speak very good French!

— Thanks. I French in Sichuan University for four years.

A..studied

B. study

C. was studying

D. had studied

㈡过去进行时：

①概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

②时间状语：at this time yesterday, then(那时)，last night(昨晚)，at five yesterday(在昨天五点)，the whole morning(整个上午)，at that time 或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语，具体的时间+过去的时间状语（at ten o'clock yesterday morning）等。

例：When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.（他进来时我正在读报纸。）

③基本结构主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他

④用法：

Ⅰ.表示过去某时正在进行的动作。过去进行时的这一用法，通常要把时间状语体现出来，或者通过上下文把时间关系暗示出来。例如：

What were you doing at 7:00 p.m. yesterday?

When I went downstairs, they were eating breakfast.

补给站：基于过去进行时的这一用法，可以用它来描述事件发生的背景。

例如：The sun was shining, the wind was blowing, and a group of soldiers were marching.

I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother

on the phone all the time!

A.. was talking

B. has been talking

C. has talked

D. talked

Ⅱ.表示过去某种习惯性动作。过去进行时的这一用法，通常是指过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯性动作。例如：

Tom was getting up at five every day that week.

Ⅲ.表示过去将来，多用于go, come, leave, start, take off等动词。例如：

The winter holiday was drawing near, but nobody knew where they were going for the holiday.

㈢二者区分：