语言学考试范围

Front vowel [ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ ✌ ] [ ]

central vowel [ : ] [ ☜ ] [ ✈ ]

back vowels [ u: ] [ ☺ ] [ : ] [ ] [α: ]

Close vowel [ i: ] [ i ] [ u: ] [ ☺ ]

Semi-close vowel [ e ] [

: ]

Semi-open vowels[ ☜ ] [ : ]

Open vowels[ ✌ ] [ ] [ ✈ ] [ ][ : ]

Stop （Plosive）塞音（爆破音）

[b] [p] [t] [d] [k] [g]

Nasal 鼻音[m][n] [ŋ]

Fricative 擦音[f] [v] [θ] [s] [z] [∫] [З]

Approximant 中通音[ j ] [r] [w]

Lateral 边通音[l]

Trill 颤音[r]

Tap and Flap 触音

Affricate 塞擦音[t∫] [dЗ]

Closed words : their membership is fixed or limited.

E.g. pro. prep. conj. art. etc.

Open-class words: whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited. e.g. n. v. adj. adv. E.g. regarding / with regard to ; throughout, in spite of

1. The fact that there is no intrinsic connection between the word “pen” and the thing we write with indicates language is ______.

A.arbitrary

B. rule-governe . combined D. illogical

2. We can understand and produce an infinitely large number of sentence including sentences we never heard before, because language is _____.

A.creative

B. arbitrary

C. understandable

D. unique

3. ______ means language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.

A.Duality

B. Displacement

C. Creativity

D. Arbitrariness

4. By ____ function people establish and maintain their status in society.

A.experiential

B. referential

C. metalingual

D. interpersonal

5. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?

A.Arbitrariness

B.Productivit

C.Cultural transmission.

D. Finiteness.

6. The distinction between parole and langue was made by __________.

A.Hallida

B. Chomsky

C. Bloomfield

D. Saussur

1./m,n/ are ________.

A.fricatives

B. dentals

C. approximant

D. nasals

2. /w,j/ belong to ________.

A.fricatives

B. dentals

C. approximant中通音

D. nasals

3. Which of the following vowels is the rounded vowel?

A.[i]

B. [u]

C. [a:]

D. [i:]

4. Classification of vowels is made up of the following EXCEPT ________.

A.the position of the tongue

B.theopennessof the mouth

C.the shape of the lip

D.the width of the vowels

5. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another in a given language is a ________.

A.phoneme

B. allophone

C. phone

D. allomorph

6. /p,t,k/ are ________.

A.fricatives

B. affricates

C. approximant

D. stop

7. /kuku:/ is a bird’s call. The name of such a bird is cuckoo which is an example of ________.

nguage universals

B. onomatopoeia

C. teaching grammars

D. morphs

8. The vowel [u:] in [fu:d] (food) is a ______vowel.

A.back

B. front

C. unrounded

D. central

9. In English, there is only one glottal. It is_____.

A.[f]

B. [r]

C. [h]

D. [v]

10. Which of the following sounds is a voiced bilabial stop?

A.[m]

B. [v]

C. [p]

D. [b]

11. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ________ of that phoneme.

A.Minimal

B. allomorph

C. phones

D. allophones

12. [i:], [i], [e] are all ________ vowels.

A.front

B. central

C. back

D. high

13. Which of the following is a fricative sound?

A.[m]

B. [p]

C. [w]

D. [v]

14. There are ________ nasals in English.

A.one

B. two

C. three

D. four

1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the “open class words”?

A. Nouns

B. Adjective

C. Conjunctions

D. Adverbs

2. What is the minimal unit of meaning?

A. Phoneme

B. Morpheme

C. Allophone

D. Allomorph

3. There are ______ morphemes in the word “undesirability”.

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

4. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?

A. rainbow

B. basketball

C. icy-cold

D. unpleasant