英美文化概论

英美文化概论纯正英语版

中国社会主义的教育目的，是培养有社会主义觉悟、有文化的劳动者，培养社会主义建设所需要的各级各类人才。它明确规定了中国教育目的的社会主义性质和方向，指出了培养社会主义建设人才的基本要求。这个教育目的体现了马克思主义关于人的全面发展的思想。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
2. The relationship between education
Unit 7 British Education System
British Education System
◆Introduction ◆History ◆The Present Education System ◆Higher Education
I. Introduction
1.The purpose of the British education system
In 1870, a law was passed to call for government– funded education.
By 1880, attendance at school for children between 5 and 10 was compulsory.
Historically, education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches. The influence of the church on schooling is still strong: until very recently, religious education was the only subject which the state insisted all schools teach their pupils. Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life.

英美文化概论尔雅满分答案

3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters正确答案：D2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×英美文化概论1.1Western Names1 In the format of western names,which name is put first?( )A、Family nameB、Last nameC、SurnameD、First name正确答案：D2 Bill is the short version of ( ).A、WilliamB、StevenC、RobertD、Richard正确答案：A3 There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案：×1.2What is Culture1 Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. A、traditionsB、habitsC、customsD、costumes正确答案：C2 Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( )A、Chinese foodB、Spring FestivelC、Chinese medicineD、Football正确答案：D3 Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案：×2.1Topography of the USA1 ( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.A、ColoradoB、IndianaC、AlabamaD、Alaska正确答案：D2 Which is the largest states by population?( )A、TexasB、New YorkC、CaliforniaD、Florida正确答案：C3 Boston is on the West Coast of America.( )正确答案：×2.2Three Icons of America1 Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( )A、Because it is the first national park in the world.B、Because it is in America.C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案：A2 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )A、MadisonB、RooseveltC、KennedyD、Adams正确答案：B3 Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )A、The United KingdomB、CanadaC、AustraliaD、France正确答案：D2.3Comparison of the USA and China (1)1 In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America. A、3 timesB、4 timesC、5 timesD、6 times正确答案：B2 Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China?( )A、China has more railways than America.B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案：A3 The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).A、DomesticB、IndustryC、LivestockD、Agriculture正确答案：D4 Which is not the major environment issues of America?( )A、Air pollutionB、Water shortageC、Loss of agricultural landD、desertification正确答案：C5 America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案：×2.4Comparison of the USA and China (2)1 The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).A、White, Hispanic and BlackB、White, Black and HispanicC、White, Black and AsianD、White, Asian and Black正确答案：A2 All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.A、the UKB、B、the USAC、C、FranceD、D、Japan正确答案：B3 1 kilogram is ( ) pounds.A、0.6B、1.7C、2.1D、2.2正确答案：D4 Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案：×3.1Overview1 Which country is the second largest economy in the world?( )A、ChinaB、JapanC、South KoreaD、Germany正确答案：A2 Which one of following is not an American company?( )A、GoogleB、CocaColaC、Facebook正确答案：D3 Per capita means a person.( )正确答案：√3.2Comparison of USA and China1 Which one is right about the labour force in America and China?( )A、Most of American labour force are in services.B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案：A2 The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.A、CanadaB、MexicoC、JapanD、South Korea正确答案：C3 ( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China. A、Water B、Nuclear C、Wind D、Coal正确答案：D4 Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in the economy.( ) 正确答案：×5 Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案：√3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×完整版答案请打开微信扫一扫下方二维码，关注公众号帮帮ING并回复英美文化本公众号提供210门尔雅视频课选修课答案和高等数学同济第七版答案等大学350门课后答案。

英美文化概论3 which English

由于古罗马不断扩大其帝国，他们的拉丁语（Lain），成为欧洲西部多数地区，包括大不列颠在内的不同民族的通用语言

多数凯尔特人逃避罗马人和随后的侵入者，移民至英国威尔士（Wales）山区，苏格兰（Scotland）的高原和岛屿，爱尔兰（Ireland），马恩岛（the Isle of Man（马恩岛）），康沃尔郡（Cornwall）。由于这些地方偏僻，这些部落延续了他们的语言。今天的威尔士人，苏格兰的盖尔语（Scottish Gaeli），和爱尔兰的盖尔语（Scottish Gaeli）都留存了下来。
例如，从居住在该地区的一些特殊部落，可以得知：英国南部的肯特州（Kent）来自坎特西部落（Cantiaci tribe）；

Devon（德文郡：英国郡名） from the Dumnonill and Cornwall （康沃尔郡）from the Cornovii.

英国德文郡（Devon）来自杜蒙里（Dumnonill）部落；而康沃尔（Cornwall）郡则由科落伟里（Cornovii）部落演变而来。

In the past, changes (in vocabulary, structures and syntax) happened so slowly that they were frequently unnoticeable to those speaking the language. But the introduction (of widespread education , radio and television ) , and the greater mobility（易变性、可动性） (of the population), have speeded up the process.

《英美文化概论》课程教学大纲

M1
0.5
讲授
0.5
网络平台作业
20
5.2
5.2英国和美国的工业概况
两国工业各自的特点
M1
1
讲授
1
网络平台作业
21
5.3
5.3英国和美国的农业概括
两国农业各自的特点
M1
1
讲授
1
网络平台作业
22
5.4
5.4英国和美国的经济贸易
两国经济贸易各自的特点；
结合中美贸易战，指出美方的霸权主义
M1
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讲授
0.5
是
三、课程内容
序号
章节号
标题
课程内容/重难点
支撑课程目标
课内学时
教学方式
课外学时
课外环节
1
第1章
第1章英美两国的地形特点概述
本章重点难点：英国和美国的地形特点；美国地理位置对其经济发展的重要性；美国地理位置对其经济发展的重要性
M1
4
讲授
4
网络平台作业
2
1.1
1.1英国和美国的地理位置
英国和美国的地理位置、地理方面重要特征
This is a selective course for the application and further improvement of college English. By introducing the geography, history, society, culture, politics and other aspects of the United States and the United Kingdom, it elaborates the formation and development process of the cultural traditions and core values of the United States and the United Kingdom. It is helpful for learners to understand the way of thinking, values and lifestyles of the UK and the US. This course could equip students with certain ability to comprehend the social and cultural phenomena in UK and the US. Besides, students' language skill and cultural sensitivity when interacting with the British and the Americans would also be enhanced.

英美文化概论提纲

英美⽂化概论提纲Unit 1 a brief introduction to the united kingdom 1⼀ a brief introduction1．全称 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland--P17 III 12．构成England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNothern Ireland Belfast--P17 III23．历史A公元43世纪RomanB公元7世纪Anglo –saxons 安格鲁撒克逊⼈C 8世纪末阿尔弗雷德⼤帝King Alfred北欧海盗D 1066年诺曼征服NormansWilliam of NormandyBattle of HastingsKing Harold4.英国内战 civil war 资产阶级⾰命⼆Scotland1. Glasgow 最⼤城市 --P16 II 82. ⼤学15世纪 ancient and international university --P17 III 11三WalesUnlike England it did not fall to the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th century --P16 II 11名词解释London：the largest city located in the south of the country . London is dominant in the UK in all fields；government finance and culture.London is one of the top three financial centers in the worldUnit 2 a brief introduction to the united kingdom iiNorthern Ireland1.宗教爱尔兰⼈是天主教徒 Catholics英国⼈是新教徒 Protestants--P33 I 62.1921年独⽴ Irish State (分⽔岭)3.爱尔兰南部26郡成⽴⾃由邦北部6 郡仍属英国—P34 II 104 .Loyalist 民族派希望加⼊爱尔兰共和国Unionist 联合派亲英国5.The official IRA 倾向于政治⼿段解决–P34 III 4The Provisional IRA 军事–P35 III 5“The Bullet and the Ballot Box”—P35 III 106.区分 Sinn Fein是政党 --P33 I 8/P35 III 11,121919 IRA是军事团体⾮政党7 .1973年 Power-Sharing mechanism权利分享机制—P34 II 88.1972 “Bloody Sunday”—P34 II 79．1985 Anglo-Irish agreement --P33 I 910． Downing –Street Declaration唐宁街宣⾔授权英军司令直接⼲预北爱治安事务名词解释1．”Home-rule”:1914年被签署成为法律。

美国人的民族特性那天美国政经概况的老师提到一个很老的问题：美国经济发展至今成为世界第一的原因有哪些？说实话这个问题的确很老了，被无数学者讨论了无数次。

那天思维没有打开，没想出什么有新意的答案，什么专利权，地理优势，世界大战.......也许是真的积累越来越匮乏了，思考了几天才想出这么一个比较牵强的来。

首先，美国的民族特性到底是什么？我不敢说我说的就是正确答案，但是在我看来有三：自由，自律，爱国。

自由这个我只有一句话解释：不自由，毋宁死——Patrick Henry。

好吧，也许你会说美国的的无政府主义，新自由主义等等，好吧，这是真的，但是无政府主义不算主流，新自由主义也不是完全的自由。

自律，这里的自律才是关键，这里的自律并不是字面意义上的自律，而是以契约的方式推下来的民族特性。

我不是道各位怎么想，反正在我眼里这完全就是卢梭的社会契约论举出自己认同的第三方来约束自己。

这是从“五月号公约”开始所继承的完全体现，事实证明，启蒙学者灿若星斗，最终胜利的只有卢梭。

现在说为什么这重要，以及为什么与美国经济有关。

首先，五月花公约阐述了国家的来源，国家是民众以契约的形式合意组建的，国家的公权力来自于民众所度让的部分权利的组合。

也就是说，国家的权力是人民做给予的，而人民根据契约的原则必须服从自己所推举出的这个公权力的约束，这就是关键。

我们先反观独立战争，为什么小小的印花税会惹来如此之大的风波？究其原因就在于这不是美国人民自己所推举出的公权力，美国人民没有义务服从你，这是一种无端的迫害。

美国建国近四百年，天赋人权，民赋国权这一理念已经融入了美国人的血液里，这已经成为了一种习惯，一种思维定势。

总的来说美国人有以下特性：1、移民国家形成的合众社会。

这个年青的国家之所以得以发展壮大,不因善于发现而因善于探索，它的繁荣兴旺不是因为其尽善尽美的治事之道,而是由于其机灵多变的精神。

2、移民生活形成的务实精神。

美国的早期历史确实发人深省，他们对全人类所作的启示，不是空洞的告诫而是实际的行动。

英美文化概论尔雅满分答案

3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters正确答案：D2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×英美文化概论1.1Western Names1 In the format of western names,which name is put first?( )A、Family nameB、Last nameC、SurnameD、First name正确答案：D2 Bill is the short version of ( ).A、WilliamB、StevenC、RobertD、Richard正确答案：A3 There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案：×1.2What is Culture1 Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. A、traditionsB、habitsC、customsD、costumes正确答案：C2 Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( )A、Chinese foodB、Spring FestivelC、Chinese medicineD、Football正确答案：D3 Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案：×2.1Topography of the USA1 ( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.A、ColoradoB、IndianaC、AlabamaD、Alaska正确答案：D2 Which is the largest states by population?( )A、TexasB、New YorkC、CaliforniaD、Florida正确答案：C3 Boston is on the West Coast of America.( )正确答案：×2.2Three Icons of America1 Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( )A、Because it is the first national park in the world.B、Because it is in America.C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案：A2 Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( )A、MadisonB、RooseveltC、KennedyD、Adams正确答案：B3 Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )A、The United KingdomB、CanadaC、AustraliaD、France正确答案：D2.3Comparison of the USA and China (1)1 In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America. A、3 timesB、4 timesC、5 timesD、6 times正确答案：B2 Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China?( )A、China has more railways than America.B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案：A3 The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).A、DomesticB、IndustryC、LivestockD、Agriculture正确答案：D4 Which is not the major environment issues of America?( )A、Air pollutionB、Water shortageC、Loss of agricultural landD、desertification正确答案：C5 America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案：×2.4Comparison of the USA and China (2)1 The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).A、White, Hispanic and BlackB、White, Black and HispanicC、White, Black and AsianD、White, Asian and Black正确答案：A2 All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.A、the UKB、B、the USAC、C、FranceD、D、Japan正确答案：B3 1 kilogram is ( ) pounds.A、0.6B、1.7C、2.1D、2.2正确答案：D4 Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案：×3.1Overview1 Which country is the second largest economy in the world?( )A、ChinaB、JapanC、South KoreaD、Germany正确答案：A2 Which one of following is not an American company?( )A、GoogleB、CocaColaC、Facebook正确答案：D3 Per capita means a person.( )正确答案：√3.2Comparison of USA and China1 Which one is right about the labour force in America and China?( )A、Most of American labour force are in services.B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案：A2 The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.A、CanadaB、MexicoC、JapanD、South Korea正确答案：C3 ( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China. A、Water B、Nuclear C、Wind D、Coal正确答案：D4 Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in the economy.( ) 正确答案：×5 Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案：√3.3Agriculture in the USA1 In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.A、CornB、PotatoC、TomatoD、Cotton正确答案：A2 ( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.A、ArizonaB、MarylandC、TexasD、Nevada正确答案：C3 96% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案：×4 In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案：×3.4Global Financial Crisis1 Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.A、1 quarterB、2 quartersC、3 quartersD、4 quarters2 The GFC Recession started in ( ).A、the USAB、the UKC、JapanD、France正确答案：A3 Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )A、Banks stopped lending.B、Companies cut jobs.C、Stock market crashed.D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案：D4 The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).A、Stock bubble burstB、Property bubble burstC、Dotcom bubble burstD、Asset price bubble burst正确答案：B3.5A Hero and a Villain1 Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.A、10B、20C、30D、40正确答案：A2 The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).A、VillainB、HeroC、MonsterD、Saviour正确答案：C3 Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案：×完整版答案请打开微信扫一扫下方二维码，关注公众号帮帮ING并回复英美文化本公众号提供210门尔雅视频课选修课答案和高等数学同济第七版答案等大学350门课后答案。

英美文化概论

Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture,[4] Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author.[5] His book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[6]
埃尔维斯·普莱斯利（Elvis Presley，1935～1977）是20世纪50年代美国最有影响的歌手，素有"摇滚乐之王"的称号，他为摇滚乐的推广和普及做出了巨大的贡献。
Elvis Aron Presley, also known as "The King of Rock 'n Roll" was an American singer and actor.

英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]

Historically, education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches. The influence of the church on schooling is still strong: until very recently, religious education was the only subject which the state insisted all schools teach their pupils. Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life.
In Britain the academic year is divided into three terms of about twelve weeks each.
The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.
not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society
but also to socialize children, learn the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.

英美文化概论

英美文化概论导言：在全球化的今天，英美文化已成为世界范围内广泛接受和影响深远的文化形式。

英美文化的独特性和多样性使其融入了各个层面的社会生活。

本文将对英美文化进行概述，包括英美文化的起源、主要特征和影响力等方面。

一、起源1. 英美文化的历史背景英美文化源于英国和美国两个国家，两国在历史发展中形成了独特的文化基因。

英国作为美国的殖民地，英国文化是美国文化的重要来源之一。

17世纪至18世纪期间，随着大量移民的涌入，欧洲文化也对美国文化的形成产生了影响。

2. 英美文化的多样性英美文化是一个多元且充满活力的文化体系。

它包括了英国各个地区的本土文化以及美国不同地区和种族背景的文化。

这种多样性使英美文化具备了包容性和创造性。

二、主要特征1. 语言英语是英美文化的基本媒介和表达方式。

英美英语具有许多共同点，但也有一些差异，如发音、词汇和语法等方面。

同时，英语在英美文化中的地位也是相当重要的。

2. 文学英美文学以其独特的风格和世界知名的作家而闻名。

从莎士比亚到丽兹·堤勒，英美文学不仅包括古典作品和传统文学，还涵盖了现代文学和儿童文学等多个领域。

3. 音乐英美文化中的音乐具有广泛的影响力。

从古典音乐到流行音乐，英美的音乐创作和表演都具有独特的风格和特点。

如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等，这些音乐人和乐队都成为了英美音乐文化的重要代表。

4. 电影英美电影是全球最具影响力的电影产业之一。

从好莱坞到英国电影，这些电影以其独特的剧情和制作质量广受欢迎。

同时，英美文化对于电影风格、故事情节以及电影产业的发展都起到了重要推动作用。

5. 社交礼仪英美文化中的社交礼仪和行为规范也是其特征之一。

英美人民注重礼节和谦和，在社交场合中会注重礼貌的表达和行为举止。

例如，握手、微笑、道谢等行为是英美社交礼仪中的常见做法。

三、影响力1. 全球影响力由于英美文化的广泛传播和深入影响，其对全球的影响力不言而喻。

无论是英语的普及、英美文学的翻译与传播，还是英美电影和音乐在全球范围内的流行，都体现了英美文化的全球影响力。

英美文化概论第2讲

• 我们本人都直接代表美国以及美国作为自由、平等和机会之土地的希望。
1.2Value Orientation
Value Frankness Individualism Collectivism Respect for the Old Youthfulness Efficiency and practicality Peace Patriotism Feminism Being grateful Primary Western Western Eastern Eastern Western Western Eastern Eastern Western Eastern Western Eastern Western Eastern Eastern Western Secondary Eastern Tertiary Eastern Western Western Negligible
Classification of Culture
• Material cultures（物质文化）: dress, architecture, language, food, sports and so on. • Social cultures ( 社会文化） : gestures, greetings, behaviors, customs. • Ideological cultures (意识形态文化） : value, idea, thinking.
• 2.2 Analytical thinking
• 2.3 linear thinking 直线型 • 2.4 Cognitive thinking
Circutuitous thinking 绕圈子 Moral thinking
2.1 Western: Abstract thinking China: imaginary thinking

英美文化概论之名词解释大全

01. Humanism(人文主义)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the english Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classism(古典主义)Classism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in france and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in england were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan swift.etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present, with death and graveyard as themes.2>thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to england.2>it was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead ,romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emtion, and natural beauty.3>in the histiry of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience.4> the english romantic period is an age of poetry. Which prevailed in england from 1798 to 1837. the major romantic poets include wordsworth, Byron, shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)Bronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contributio n to english literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means th tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism ofsociety and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet,Theophile Gautier.the first englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. 3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Vi ctorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’ssake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The victorian period(维多利亚)In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view andwith different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting,music and architecture.4> in england from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions.fresh ways of looking at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style.it is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness wri ting is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow,tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings.famous writers to employ this technique in the english language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

英美文化概论

英美文化概论－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－《英美文化概论》教学大纲一、教学对象：本大纲的教学对象是全校学生。

只要对跨文化交际感兴趣，喜欢英美文化，想扩充人文知识的同学都可以选修。

二、总学时与学分：本课程总学时为24学时，每周2学时，共十二周, 1.5 学分。

三、教学目的和要求1、教学目的：同英语国家的人们用英语进行有效的交流是学习英语的重要目的之一。

然而有效的交流不仅仅是一个语言技巧问题，还涉及到许多文化因素。

本课程的主旨是希望通过常见的英美文化的介绍，使学习者在跨文化交际中能避免一些不必要的因文化差异而产生的误解，阅读时能更好地理解作者的意图和篇章的内涵，欣赏外国影视作品时有更深的领悟能力。

2、教学要求：本课程是一门以欣赏和领悟为主的课程，对学生不做具体的要求。

针对不同的文化分类，教师采取不同的教学手段和教学方式来引导学生欣赏和理解不同的文化内容。

在物质文化的介绍中，主要通过教师介绍和视频播放，让学生有身临其文化之中的感受。

社会文化和意识文化通过先讲解，再进行案例分析，让学生学会在不同的交际场合，如何处理问题。

四、教学内容及安排五、课程特色本课程通过精心设计的文化案例使学生仿佛身临其境般地感受他国文化，体验真实的跨文化交际感受。

通过图片和视频等视觉工具使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中了解文化差异，拓宽国际视野、提高跨文化交际能力，最终达到教学的目的。

六、考核方式形成性考核：出勤10%+课堂表现10%。

期末考核：对某段视频和案例进行分析，找出其包含的文化现象或寻找其文化失误之处，占80%。

七、参考教材《跨文化交际概论》胡文仲1999.11 外语教学与研究出版社《跨文化交际面面观》胡文仲主编1999.11 外语教学与研究出版社《跨文化非语言交际》毕继万1999.9 外语教学与研究出版社《中英（英语国家）文化习俗比较》杜学增2003.11 外语教学与研究出版社感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

对英语专业导论课的认识

对英语专业导论课的认识一：英美文化概论书籍作为人类文化生活的组成部分，直接反映了一个民族的文化。

英美电影，也是英美文化在银幕上的的重要表达方式之一。

文字作品和电影作品都有助于学生对英美文化的深入了解。

书籍和电影是一面镜子，是一个国家和民族的社会生活和文化的最直观、最生动的反映。

它涉及社会生活的方方面面，还反映一些突出的社会问题。

英美文化被公认为西方文化的代表，经常用一个名词出现。

这说明英国文化与美国文化具有许多相似点。

这一点不难理解，英国文化是近代西方文化的起源和繁荣之地，美国也曾是英国的殖民地，美国文化作为一种外来文化，虽经过多年演变，仍不可避免带上英国文化的烙印。

英美文化的相似性在人物性格的塑造上得到充分体现，个人主义和强烈的竞争意识英美人有着强烈的自我中心观念，他们认为每个人都要依靠自己，而不应该依赖别人；每个人都要对自己负责，而不是对别人负责。

在他们的观念中，人们的生活方式和生活水平完全取决于个人的能力。

他们总是将自己放在核心地位，而对别人的干涉和影响嗤之以鼻，置之不理。

即使陷入困境，他们也不习惯于指望别人的帮助，因为他们认为那将会动摇自己的中心地位。

学习英美文化有助于我们全面了解西方文化传统极其演进历程，了解西方文化的历史、现状和特征，增强我们对西方历史文化的认识；了解西方文化发展的内在逻辑与精神轨迹，并在此基础上，进一步了解中国文化的特性和世界文化的发展情况，增强学生对中国文化的热爱之情，提高学生的文化素质和综合素质。

二：英美文学选读对于历史不长的美国文学来说，英国文学的历史要源远流长的多。

英国文学是生活在欧洲西部英伦三岛上的英国人民在漫长的历史发展进程中创造的英国文化与文明的精华，是世界文学宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠。

它经历了长期，复杂的发展演变过程。

在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的，历史的，政治的，文化的力量对文学发生着影响，学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁—撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。

英美文化概论.

国名：美利坚合众国（The United States of America）简称美国（U.S.A.）首都：华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington D. C.），人口约52万（2000年）国歌：《星条旗永不落》（“The Star-Spangled Banner” 曾译《星条旗》歌）国庆日：7月4日（美国独立日，1776年）。国家政要：美国43任（第54届）总统乔治· 沃克· 布什 George W. Bush，2001年1月20日宣誓就职；副总统 (Vice President) 切尼(Richard B. Cheney)；国务卿 (Secretary of State)赖斯 Condoleezza Rice；国防部长(Defense Secretary).
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哥伦比亚特区)
50 States in America
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The Lake Area
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国歌：《上帝保佑女王》 "God Save the Queen"（如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为"God Save the King"）
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The United States of America
免费共享版英加澳新美概况 20110318
A Brief Survey of the English Speaking Countries