自考—英汉翻译(翻译理论知识)
自考英汉翻译教程重点
英汉翻译教程一、课程介绍《英汉翻译教程》是全国高等教育自学考试英语专业本科阶段的一门必考课程。
英汉翻译包括英译汉和汉译英，是一门实践性很强的课程。
本课程除简单介绍中外翻译理论知识外，主要是通过对照阅读，引导应考者研究英汉两种语言的差异，找出英汉互译的规律，用以指导实践。
本课程与英语专业其他课程相辅相成。
它作为一门实践课，有赖于英语专业其他课程为应考者打下良好的英语基础，使应考者掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，初步达到阅读英文原著的水平，并有有定的写作能力，因而具备从事英汉翻译的条件。
另一方面，通过大量的翻译实践和语言对比研究，应考者可以进一步认识英汉两种语言各自的特点。
例如，汉语多重复实词，主谓搭配较松多用并列结构；英语英多用代称，主谓搭配较紧，多用主从结构，等等。
这是本课程的重点。
但在翻译时，往往因受原文的影响，从容易忽略在译中体现上述特点。
这也就是本课程难学之处。
但通常学习本课程，了解了英汉两种语言各自的特点，并能在翻译实践中恰当地加以运用，定会提高使用两种语言的能力和翻译水平。
这对于应考者打好英语基础，学好英语专业其他课程，也是有益的。
本课程采取单元教学，共分十个单元。
单元中每课有对照阅读和练习，并附有提示和解说。
每单元有一小结，重点说明通过语言对比可以看出的英汉两种语言各自的特点。
二、学习要求1.熟悉英汉两种语言各自的特点；2.能将中等难度的英语文章译成汉语，内容准确、内容流畅；3.能将比较简易的汉语文章译英语，用词得当，语法平稳。
三、试题类型：第一题：选择题（30分）。
80%来自于课本中每单元后的小结，非常重要，一定要看。
考点：看似简单的句子的翻译、俚语的翻译、翻译常识等。
第二题：短语翻译：英译汉、汉译英。
后面我们给的补充材料中，会包括80%的题。
第三题：改错题：英译汉、汉译英改错。
第四题：段落翻译四、课程内容概要：第一单元故事1．故事选篇。
其特点是：以第一人称或第三人称讲述自己或别人的经历。
自考《00087英语翻译》复习资料
2019年10月自考《00087英语翻译》复习资料Unit 1 stories1. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝, 留给他的是衰老和幻灭.2. average height 普通高度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调, 说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中山, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲.6. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续, 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员.7. Chinese Communist Party中国共产党8. 两条要求, 忠实------内容, 通顺-------语言9. Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill’s birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中国官方客人的身份, 比尔来访中国已多次了, 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了.10. ‘This is for you,’Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would neverforget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation. Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River. He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“这是为你安排的.”这句话比尔.莫诺听到过好几次, 每一次都令他难以忘怀. 有一次, 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬. 还有一次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥------以前没桥时, 要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江. 夜幕渐渐降临了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然间, 整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊.11. The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的记忆里, 安妮.曼斯匪尔德.沙利文教师来的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子. 从这一天开始, 我的生活与以前迥然不同, 一想到这一点, 我就感到非常兴奋.12. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.那天下午,我一声不响, 怀着期待的心情站在门廊里.13. Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen?I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “light! Give me light!”was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有过这样的经历---在海上航行遇上了大雾,周围一片白,好像着实把你关在一个黑暗的地方,大船上的人又紧张又着急, 一面用铅锤探测深浅,一面向岸边慢慢驶去, 你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事. 我在开始受教育之前, 就像这样一条船, 只是没有罗盘, 没有测探绳, 也无法知道离海港有多远. “光明!给我光明!”这就是发自我内心深处的无言的呼唤, 也就在这时候, 爱心的光芒照到了我的身上.14. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.有个人握住了我的手, 于是我被抱了起来, 紧紧地抈在了她的怀里. 正是她来到我的身边, 将一切展切在我面前, 更重要的是, 是她将爱带给了我.15. monkey-like imitation.猴子模仿似的16. In the days that followed, I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk.接下来的几天里, 我在根本不知自己在做什么样情况下,学会了拼好些单词, 比如PIN, HAT, CUP 及一些动词, 如SIT, STAND AND WALK.17. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them together.那是因为我正用一种刚刚获得的全新而奇特的视角来看待一切事物. 进屋时,我想起了被我弄坏的那个娃娃. 我摸索着来到壁炉前, 拾起那些碎片, 试图将它们拼接在一起, 却没办到.18. it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.当那感概万千的一天快要结束时, 我躺在自己的小床里, 感受这一天带给我的那些快乐, 我觉得没有人比我更幸福了. 一生中第一次,我期待着新一天的来临.19. 一切旧的传统观念, 一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度.All outmoded traditional thinking; any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20. 我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心, 又觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一样.I felt as if my mind was being whipped, as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一个地方On another occasion.22. 长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹, 而我的文章就像一个丑八怪, 不打扮, 看起来倒还顺眼些. Physically attractive people don’t need heavy make-up. Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22. 我最恨那些盗名欺世, 欺骗读者的谎言。
翻译理论(汉译英)
六、表示谚语的无主句英译时可译为无主句，
亦可译为人称句，要视情况而定 a)三思而后行。 First think，then speak． b)入乡随俗 When in Rome，do as the Romans do． c)活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn． d)不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 He who would search for pearls must dive deep．Nothing venture, nothing have.
翻译理论（汉译英）
第一章汉语单句句型的翻译(一)
第一节 无主语的译法 无主句，顾名思义，就是没有主语的句子。
英语中除谚语外，只有省略了主语的祈使句为 无主句。而汉语中无主句却比比皆是，一般用 来表示自然现象、命令、谚语、存现、叙述等 意义。汉语的无主句翻译时常采用下列方式： 一、表示自然现象，时间，距离的无主句一般 译作英语的无人称句 英语的无人称句由“代词it”作主语，其表意 功能与汉语表自然现象、时间、距离的无主句 相同，翻译时常可对译。如：
汉语的动词无词形变化，而英语的非限定动词有不 定式与分词的区别,翻译英中必须注意宾补动词形式 的运用。“使、令”类兼语式的宾补多为不定式， 有的动词只能用分词作宾朴，有的不定式，分词皆 有，意思不同，须加区别使用。 如： a)不要让你妈一直等你。 Don't keep your mother waiting． b)这话使我们都笑了。 The words set us all laughing c)他觉得房子在摇动。 He felt the house shaking 1)当动词是“keep，catch，set，feel”等时。宾补 动词应用现在分词以表进行中的动作。
自学考试《基础英语》英汉互译集锦(高频率)1
自学考试《基础英语》英汉互译集锦（高频率）1两份报纸two copies of newspaper一块肥皂a bar of soap一件家具a piece of furniture一把剪刀a pair of scissors丢弃throw away陷入困境get into trouble工业产品industrial goods农产品agriculture goods一辈子一次性的收获a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition没有出路的工作a dead-end job付一大笔钱pay good money过时be out of fashion流行be in the fashion批量生产mass-production降低成本lower the cost在起作用be at work物美价廉的产品better quality products at good values所得税income tax投放市场put on the market小批量in limited quantities大量地in large quantities要求ask for下降go down从商go into business努力做某事strive to do sth.医疗设备medical device劣质产品inferior products一条面包a loaf of bread温和宽容的easy- going人造丝artificial silk假牙artificial teeth对…有害be harmful to警惕be on guard认为某事当然take sth for granted由…组成be composed of一个中年妇女a middle-aged women一些性格开朗的女孩an open-minded girl一个意志薄弱虚弱的人 a weak-minded man一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier遭受suffer from由于压力as a result of stress警告信号warning signals交通阻塞traffic jam指出point out逃离run away from自杀commit suicide从事摄影take up photography高度工业化国家a highly industrialized country 工业生产industrial production制成品manufactured goods领先take over the lead失去领先地位lose one‘s lead赤字in the red就…而言as far as … is concerned易手change hands。
自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记(2)
自考“英汉翻译教程”复习笔记（2）18. it would have been difficult to find a happier child thanI was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me，and for the first time longed for a new day to come.当那感概万千的一天快要结束时，我躺在自己的小床里，感受这一天带给我的那些快乐，我觉得没有人比我更幸福了。
一生中第一次，我期待着新一天的来临。
19. 一切旧的传统观念，一切阻止社会进步和人性发展的不合理的制度。
All outmoded traditional thinking；any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development.20. 我觉得有一根鞭子在抽打我的心，又觉得仿佛有什么鬼魂借我的笔为自己伸冤一样。
I felt as if my mind was being whipped，as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered.21.另一个地方On another occasion.22. 长得好看的人用不着浓妆艳抹，而我的文章就像一个丑八怪，不打扮，看起来倒还顺眼些。
Physically attractive people don‘t need heavy make-up.Though my writing resembles an ugly monster，it actually looks a little better without any embellishment.22. 我最恨那些盗名欺世，欺骗读者的谎言。
2000年—2012年自考《英汉翻译教程》翻译理论汇总
12年4月B. This part consists of five incomplete statements, each followed by four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.11.与鸠摩罗什的译文相比，玄奘的译文更______。
A.倾向于直译B. 倾向于意译C.倾向于音译D.倾向于音意结合12.______在1 954年全国文学翻译工作会议上指出：“我们对翻译工作决不能采取轻率的态度。
翻译工作者必须具有高度的责任感。
”A.傅雷B.茅盾C.郭沫若D.王佐良13. According to Eugene A. Nida, the extent to which the forms must be changed in order topreserve the meaning will depend upon the ______ distance between languages.A. linguisticB. culturalC. structuralD. linguistic and cultural14.原文: It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will notbelieve you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education.译文：告诫成年子女不要犯错误，那是没有用的，一来他们不听你的，二来犯错误本身也是受教育的一个重要部分。
翻译本句时，译者运用的主要翻译方法是______。
自考英教本翻译英汉互译重点句子
英汉互译教程总复习1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries.联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。
2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday.这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。
3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again.附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。
4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。
We should work against the clock.5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings.这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。
6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them.他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。
7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind.一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。
8．Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
9．人们笑贫不笑娼。
People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes.10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.他们拼着命地逃跑。
12．People were born survivors.人的生存能力是与生俱来的。
英汉互译自考试题及答案
英汉互译自考试题及答案一、单句翻译（共20分，每题4分）1. 翻译以下英文句子为中文，并注意保持原句的意境和语法结构。
"Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm."答案：成功是从一个失败走向另一个失败，却不失去热情的能力。
2. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，注意语法和词汇的准确使用。
“知识就是力量。
”答案："Knowledge is power."3. 翻译以下英文句子为中文，并注意时态和语态的转换。
"Many people believe that physical exercise is beneficial to health."答案：许多人认为体育锻炼对健康有益。
4. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，注意保持原句的修辞色彩。
“春天的花朵在温暖的阳光下盛开。
”答案："Flowers in spring bloom under the warm sunshine."5. 翻译以下英文句子为中文，并注意词义的选择和语境的适应。
"The company is planning to expand its operations overseas."答案：该公司正计划将其业务扩展到海外。
二、段落翻译（共30分，每题10分）1. 将以下英文段落翻译成中文。
"In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged. It offers consumers a convenient way to purchase a wide variety of goods without leaving the comfort of theirown homes. This trend has led to a significant growth in thee-commerce industry, which has, in turn, created numerous job opportunities."答案：近年来，网上购物的受欢迎程度急剧上升。
自考英语二——翻译中翻英重点
1.The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.2.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.3.For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents,and the like.4.From a system’s point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intendedand unintended consequences.5.Employers expect job applicants to be pleasant in personality and hard working.6.A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.7.Only in this way can you find a well-paid job.8.Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be.9.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary.10.Einstein’s theory of relativity is the only theory which can explain the phenomenon.11.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.12.But in theory, matter must behave very differently in a very different manner inside the blackhole.13.Mankind may one day meet this fate.14.The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas.15.Maybe another huge black hole is swallowing up stars at very rapid speed.16.The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.17.Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is?18.Supernovas were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.19.Euthanasia can really relieve dying patients from their suffering.20.Affected with a serious disease, he knew there was no hope of recovery,21.Each time the program is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on this subject.22.The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia.23.In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, the patient doesn’t really want to die.24.They feel that they should also take the quality of life into account.25.Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care.26.At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protectdomestic workers from abuse by their employers.27.Other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention.28.Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.29.Human rights organizations say that putting prisoners in chains is not only inhumane but alsoineffective.30.What it does is to punish prisoners for the ills of society.31.It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.32.The British government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers fromabuse by their employers.33.Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers.34.She was convicted of murder and executed.35.Folk music expresses peace, friendship and help.36.Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time couldproduce.37.Y ou can almost tell this type of composer by his fruitful output.38.Music simply wells out of him.39.The modern music stresses the audience’s participation in the performance.40.The three music forms are musically and culturally distinct.41.Turn on the radio, and you will hear nice folk music.42.The American folk music in the 1960s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love andhope.43.He has a gift for music, but when it comes to drawing he knows nothing.44.Franz Schubert is a spontaneously inspired composer who was fired public imagination most.45.The robots used in nuclear power plants prevent human personnel from being exposed toradioactive materials.46.It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.47.Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.48.These networks are always on the alert for warning signs.49.It is not yet known whether robots will one day control our human activities.50.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever reported took place in China and Alaska.51.Robots can perform industrial tasks without human intervention.52.People in the industrialized countries are increasingly concerned with opportunities forleisure.53.The term “quality of life” is easy to understand but difficult to define.54.We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, andthe mass media.55.Generally speaking, those with better education may tend to seek recreation and personaldevelopment in leisure.56.Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced developmentof a person.57.Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste for it is the most difficult thing to control.58.Y ou must push away many temptations or your schedule is useless.59.Whether a person can manage his time well is very important for his study.60.In advanced industrial societies, people are attaching increasing importance to paid holidays.61.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.62.The effects of rapid travel on the body are much greater than we realize.63.Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.64.In time the physiologic system will reset itself, but it does take time.65.Normally the two internal biological timers are in step.66.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.67.Even with the greatest effect, our span of attention fluctuates.68.The angry man forgets the pain of injury; the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasureand the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.69.Jet Lag is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms.70.A nation is classified as aq aged one when it has 7 percent or more of its people aged 65 orabove.71.Babies are more of a liability than the inactive aged.72.Successful parenting begins by communication to children that they belong, and are loved forno other reason than just because they exist.73.Self-esteem is that people think about themselves.74.When feelings about the self have been threatened and self-esteem is low, everythingbecomes more of an effort.75.The foundation of a healthy family depends on the ability of the parents to communicatemessage of love and trust to their children.76.Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is a challenge that continues throughout life.77.The winner in the November general election is certain to be either the Democratic or theRepublic nominee.78.A major-party nominee has the critical advantage of support from the party faithful.79.More than two-thirds of the nation’s voters support their party’s presidential candidate.80.Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.81.To win the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes.82.How does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics?83.Most of the major medical advances have been based on a background of animal researchand development.84.It would be irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughlytested on animals.puter models can be used to simulate the way that cells work in our body.86.It is sometimes said that the cat “takes all and gives nothing”.87.It is the dog who can teach us lessons of loyalty and devotion that no cat ever knows.88.What we would spend on a cat would pay for a child’s medical care or basic education.89.New technology makes it easy for us to find alternative methods of testing on animals.90.Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth.91.Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to the ability to interact andcommunicate with others.92.Daydreaming improves a person’s ability to better adapted to practical, immediate concerns,and to solve everyday problems93.Many successful people made full use of daydreams and gained great achievement.94.The more people appeared in your dreams, the happier you felt when you awoke.95.Our moods in the morning relate to our sleep and dreams the previous night.96.In the past two decades, research has greatly expanded our knowledge about sleep and dream.97.Scientists have discovered that daydreaming is a means of effective relaxation.98.Daydreaming may enhance creative thinking ability.99.Many successful people actually day dreamed their achievements long before they realizedthem.100.The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case.101.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing otherwise we should not do it.102.So far as I know, she was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor.103.If what he enjoy doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance, he can’t be happy. 104.Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.105.The difference between work and labor does not lie in the difference between mental and manual jobs.106.To him, leisure means freedom from compulsion.107.It was there that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder.108.Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill and power to convince her attacker to simply take her car and not her life.109.This recording revealed that the teacher was a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.110.The government believe certain books to be subversive of its apartheid society.111.This is the effect of apartheid in terms of the society.112.She was calm in front of the attacker.113.In some countries in Africa, it is illegal for white and black to play chess together.114.They believe it was in the car that she activated the recorder.115.She bravely convinced the attacker not to commit crimes.116.I have seen some white children would stand in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white.117.The fastest growing industry in America today may be the continuing professional education of adults.118.Now many major employers are testing the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs.119.Economics, student need and our new understanding of how people learn are bound to break the monopoly of traditional education.petition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system.121.The computer may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it. 122.The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity.123.Our biggest need in computer technology is not for increased speed and reduced size.124.It is important in the computerized age that we should not mistake data for wisdom.。
英汉互译自考本科试题及答案
英汉互译自考本科试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：“他每天都会阅读一个小时。
”A) He reads every day for an hour.B) He reads for an hour every day.C) Reading every day for an hour.D) Every day he reads for an hour.答案：B2. 下列英语句子中，哪一项翻译成汉语是“她喜欢在公园里散步”？A) She likes to walk in the park.B) She likes walking in the park.C) She likes to walking in the park.D) She likes park to walk in.答案：A3. 将“这个孩子太小，还不能上学。
”翻译成英语，正确的是：A) The child is too young to go to school.B) The child is too young to go to school yet.C) The child is too young to go to school already.D) The child is not young enough to go to school.答案：A4. 下列哪项英语句子的汉语翻译是“他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。
”？A) They are discussing how to solve this problem.B) They are talking about how to fix this issue.C) They are debating how to deal with this problem.D) All of the above.答案：D5. “我昨天晚上看了一部电影。
”用英语怎么说？A) I watched a movie last night.B) I saw a film last night.C) Both A and B are correct.D) I looked at a movie last night.答案：C6. 将“她害怕黑暗。
自考翻译第一章
•
他是我父亲。 He is my father. 这姑娘是漂亮。 This girl is really beautiful. 此人是书就读。 This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍，孰不可忍？ If this can be tolerated. What cannot ? 是古非今 praise the past condemn the present.
一、翻译基础知识讲解
一、翻译基础知识讲解
• • • • • • • 例1：kill 1）They killed a bottle of whisky between them. 【译文】他们两人喝完了一瓶威士 忌酒。 2）He killed ten good years on that job. 【译文】他在那件工作上浪费了整 整10年。 3）Her bright red hat killed the quiet colour of her dress. 【译文】她戴着一顶红色的帽子， 这和她一身的素装很不相称。 4）These flowers kill easily. 【译文】这些花很容易枯死。 5）The funny play nearly killed me. 【译文】这出有趣的戏几乎把我笑 死。 6）That bus ride every day kills off allued)
• • • • • • • 看 看电视 watch TV 看黑板 look at the blackboard 看电影 see a film 看地图 study a map 看小说 read a novel 看朋友 visit a friend
Exercises
Adv into adj.
• He routinely radioed another agent on the ground. • 他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电 联络。
自考本科英汉互译-汉译英常用结构和句型
汉译英常用结构和句型一、主语（一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。
【“尾重”原则（end weight）】1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。
The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with other Asianations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual openness, long-term cooperation and common development.2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。
× The life of the people in the future will be better.√ The people will lead/ live a better life in the future.3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。
× The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in China’s development of the western region will increase.√ Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate in China’s development of the western region.4. 浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。
× Zhejiang University has been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running.√ Zhejiang University has made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago.5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。
自考英语一翻译十一单元
第一部分 Text A
【课文译文】
美国庭院甩卖，真棒
不久前，查里?埃里克森一家人决定进行一次春季大扫除。在整理东西的时候，他们发现大约有1500件旧的、不需要的东西——这些东西都是他们想处理掉的。埃里克森一家决定像许多其他美国人近来所做的那样——搞一次“庭院甩卖”。他们向四邻寄去自制的传单，并在当地的报纸上登了一则广告，然后把这些不想要的东西搬到他们家的前院里——他的家住在密歇根州布隆菲尔德山——看看有没有人来购买。埃里克森一家根本用不着担心，踊跃的买主在一个周末就买走了大部分东西，只剩下50件，这给埃里克林一家增加了442美元的额外收入。
美国也以其“超级市场”而闻名。超级市场大量出售各种各样的食品和家用小商品。超市的食品质量好，价格也比小食品店低得多。
大多数美国人到超市购买食品。最令人感兴趣的去处之一是冷冻食品区。由于人们不断地找出新方法来保存食品，几乎每一种食品都能冷冻而保持原来的风味。因为速冻食品做起来不费时间，它们自然也就成了美国各地受欢迎的食品。
车库甩卖，庭院甩卖，地下室甩卖，不论怎么称呼，也不论在什么地方举办，美国人越来越热衷于这种方式的甩卖活动。
甩卖的东西种类之多确实令人惊讶——盘子、书籍、穿过的衣服、工具、轮胎、空瓶子、自行车、家具等等。在乔治亚州的亚特兰大，一个人甚至卖掉了一套与1931年生产的福特牌汽车同等尺寸的复制品。
“你根本想不到人们会买些什么，”来自德克萨斯州休斯顿市的杰里?迈克尼里夫人如是说。她和她的朋友曾举办过两次庭院甩卖。“另外，你也想不到人们会卖些什么。”
美国有种类繁多的商店，大到出售服装、家具、家用产品以及其他物品的百货商场，小到专营某一种商品的专营店，还有“打折商店”以低价出售商品，“十美分商店”专营种类繁多的便宜货。
自考英汉翻译复习资料
Translation Conclusion Unit 1 stories 1. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned. 他已三⼗六岁,青春像⼀路鸣叫的鹰,早已⼀闪⽽逝, 留给他的是衰⽼和幻灭.2. average height 普通⾼度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉 4. in his middle twenties ⼤概是⼆⼗五六岁的年龄 5. ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China. 朱德顾不得拉过来的椅⼦,端端正正地站在这个⽐他年轻⼗岁的青年⾯前,⽤平稳的语调, 说明⾃⼰的⾝份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中⼭, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求⾃⼰的新的⽣活⽅式和中国的新的⾰命道路⽽来到欧洲. 6. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smiled a little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. 两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地⽅,替他们办理加⼊党在柏林的⽀部的⼿续, 在⼊党申请书寄往中国⽽尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员. 7. Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党 8. 两条要求, 忠实------内容, 通顺-------语⾔ 9. Several times on his trips to China, which he made as a guest of the Chinese Government, Bill's birthday occurred while he was in Beijing. 以中国官⽅客⼈的⾝份, ⽐尔来访中国已多次了, ⽽且在北京停留期间恰适他⽣⽇也有好⼏次了. 10. ‘ This is for you,' Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation. Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River. He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights. “这是为你安排的.” 这句话⽐尔.莫诺听到过好⼏次, 每⼀次都令他难以忘怀. 有⼀次, 他沿⼤运河乘船顺⽔⽽下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬. 还有⼀次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江⼤桥------以前没桥时, 要靠轮渡托载⽕车横渡长江. 夜幕渐渐降临了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然间, 整个桥⾝被灯光勾画出了⼀个清晰的轮廊. 11. The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. 在我的记忆⾥, 安妮.曼斯匪尔德.沙利⽂教师来的那⼀天,是我⼀⽣中最重要的⽇⼦. 从这⼀天开始, 我的⽣活与以前迥然不同, ⼀想到这⼀点, 我就感到⾮常兴奋. 12. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. 那天下午,我⼀声不响, 怀着期待的⼼情站在门廊⾥. 13. Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “ light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour. 不知你是否有过这样的经历---在海上航⾏遇上了⼤雾,周围⼀⽚⽩,好像着实把你关在⼀个⿊暗的地⽅,⼤船上的⼈⼜紧张⼜着急, ⼀⾯⽤铅锤探测深浅,⼀⾯向岸边慢慢驶去, 你的⼼也怦怦直跳,⽣怕出事. 我在开始受教育之前, 就像这样⼀条船, 只是没有罗盘, 没有测探绳, 也⽆法知道离海港有多远. “光明!给我光明!” 这就是发⾃我内⼼深处的⽆⾔的呼唤, 也就在这时候, 爱⼼的光芒照到了我的⾝上. 14. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me. 有个⼈握住了我的⼿, 于是我被抱了起来, 紧紧地抈在了她的怀⾥. 正是她来到我的⾝边, 将⼀切展切在我⾯前, 更重要的是,是她将爱带给了我. 15. monkey-like imitation. 猴⼦模仿似的 16. In the days that followed, I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. 接下来的⼏天⾥, 我在根本不知⾃⼰在做什么样情况下,学会了拼好些单词, ⽐如PIN, HAT, CUP 及⼀些动词, 如SIT, STAND AND WALK. 17. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to hearth and picked up the pieces, I tried vainly to put them together. 那是因为我正⽤⼀种刚刚获得的全新⽽奇特的视⾓来看待⼀切事物. 进屋时,我想起了被我弄坏的那个娃娃. 我摸索着来到壁炉前, 拾起那些碎⽚, 试图将它们拼接在⼀起, 却没办到. 18. it would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come. 当那感概万千的⼀天快要结束时, 我躺在⾃⼰的⼩床⾥, 感受这⼀天带给我的那些快乐, 我觉得没有⼈⽐我更幸福了. ⼀⽣中第⼀次,我期待着新⼀天的来临. 19. ⼀切旧的传统观念, ⼀切阻⽌社会进步和⼈性发展的不合理的制度. All outmoded traditional thinking; any irrational system which obstructs social progress or human development. 20. 我觉得有⼀根鞭⼦在抽打我的⼼, ⼜觉得仿佛有什么⿁魂借我的笔为⾃⼰伸冤⼀样. I felt as if my mind was being whipped, as if a ghost had commandeered my pen and was writing to redress the injustices it had suffered. 21.另⼀个地⽅ On another occasion. 22. 长得好看的⼈⽤不着浓妆艳抹, ⽽我的⽂章就像⼀个丑⼋怪, 不打扮, 看起来倒还顺眼些. Physically attractive people don't need heavy make-up. Though my writing resembles an ugly monster, it actually looksa little better without any embellishment. 22. 我最恨那些盗名欺世, 欺骗读者的谎⾔。
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茅盾 保留“神韵”。—主张直译，风格能译 风格能译，是最高境界。直译的意义浅处说“不妄该原文的句子”，就深处说“保留原文的 情调与风格”。
傅雷 翻译重在实践 翻译巴尔扎克《人间喜剧》，罗曼罗兰《约翰.克里斯朵夫》，《老实人》 “最难应付的是原文中最简单明白而理论概要》 确切翻译就是表达原文思想内容的完全准确和在修辞作用上与原文的完全一致。（表达准确， 修辞一致）
巴尔胡达罗夫 上下文在解决语言单位的多译性问题上起着重要作用。
王力先 连结—英汉翻译教程
中国语里多用意合法，连接成分并非必需。 王平 “科技英语的翻译特点和翻译”指出科技文章：严谨周密，语法正确，重点突出。 George Steiner Paraphrase 意译 著作： The True Road for the Translator 施觉怀 法律文件的翻译，最主要的要求应当是“严谨”。 法律文献：条理清、文字明、意思全 Theodore Savory 西奥多.萨沃里 “翻译艺术”—论翻译技巧最好的著作。 瞿秋白 “信”和“顺”不应对立起来
释道安 《四阿含》、《阿毗昙》—主张直译
鸠摩罗什 译文既准确又流畅。—主张意译
玄奘 既须求真，又须喻俗。—主张直译
严复 天演论—“信、达、雅” 重视雅，轻视信。
王佐良 我们必须不断地学习，不断地深入观察。 翻译英文诗为主，兼及散文和戏剧。 翻译个别词时，面对的是两种文化 文学翻译是一种创造性的努力。 一部好的译作总是有直译又有意译：凡能直译处就坚持直译，必须意译出则放手意译。 将《彭斯诗选》译为汉语，将《雷雨》译成英语。 翻译者必须是一个真正意义上的文化人。
周熙良 雅（得体）。旅游见闻，达；哲学，社会科学，经典著作，—英汉翻译教程
林纾 翻译大量西方文学作品。 钱钟书 “化”的境界
鲁迅 对赵景深“宁顺而不信”提出“宁信而不顺”。—主张直译 凡是翻译，兼顾着两面，一：力求其易解，二：保存原作的丰姿。翻译既要通顺，又要忠实。
Cicero（西塞罗） 没必要逐字翻译，强调保持原作的总的风格和力量。
Jerome（哲罗姆） 强调翻译意思，而不是翻译孤立的词。
泰特乐三原则 Tytler 翻译要忠于原著意思 give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 翻译要翻译原著风格 be of the same character with that of the original 翻译要顺畅自然 have all the ease of original compositon
自学考——英汉翻译教程
翻译的标准 两条：（一）忠实（二）通顺
翻译理论知识考点汇总
汉译英的基本功 三个方面：（一）拼法正确（二）合乎用法（三）句子平稳（句子合乎语法）
吕叔湘 《光明日报》—新的和旧的语言教学。旧的教学法三件事：1）识汉字 2）读汉字读物 3） 写汉字作文
夏鼐（nai） 细致的核对
摄摩腾、竺法兰 《四十二章经》—佛经最早译本。