西华大学专升本英语阅读理解

阅读理解能力的基础高效的阅读能力是在理解的基础上达到一定的速度。

要做到这一点，必须具备三方面条件：基本常识、语言基础和阅读技巧。

阅读不是一种孤立的能力，读者首先要有一定的背景知识，具备一定的词汇量和语法基础，并掌握一些有效的阅读技能，才能读得多、读得快。

一、影响阅读的主要因素（一）语言知识（1）词汇量不够，生词太多，处处卡壳，句意联系不明，抓不住主题思想，速度上不去。

（2）有些句子太长，句式结构太复杂，也影响正确理解。

（3）英语语感不强，对英语的问题结构不熟悉。

（二）背景知识（1）知识面太狭窄，缺乏深度和广度。

对不熟悉的题材，因缺乏背景知识，全文理解很费力。

（2）对科普知识掌握不够。

（3）对西方的政治、经济、文化、风土人情等不了解。

（三）认知能力（1）分析解决问题的能力不强。

（2）有时对所读的信息难成记忆。

（3）解题的思路不开阔，解题的方法不正确。

（4）有时很难判断作者的观点和态度，甚至误解了作者的意图。

（5）对有些单词和句子，仅依据字面意义去理解，忽视了引申意义，造成推理错误。

（四）阅读技能（1）没有掌握正确的阅读技能，从而影响了阅读速度。

（2）脱离原文去解题，导致错误。

（五）情感因素（1）如果遇到困难，情绪就会受到影响，不能静下心来阅读。

（2）阅读能力不强，对阅读有恐惧感。

二、阅读技能的培养（一）形成良好的阅读习惯这主要指两方面：一是阅读时注意力集中，思想不开小差；二是持之以恒，不能“三天打鱼，两天晒网”。

（二）“一目十行”地读视域要宽，以句组为单位阅读。

一个段落通常是由一层或几层意义组成，而描写同一层意义的句子即为句组。

阅读理解常见题型分析一、主旨题主旨题要求考生概括文章主题、中心思想和段落大意。

【解题技巧】遇到此类题，首先要通读全文，初步判断文章谈论什么或者谈论谁，或者找出文章的关键词。

阅读时随手在主要内容下面做记号，以节省时间。

不要把过多的时间停留在某个不认识的的单词上。

一般情况下，答案越概括，涵盖面越广越好，句子越长越有可能是正确答案。

【提问方式】The best title for this passage would/can be ________.This passage is mainly related to _________.What’s the passage mainly about?What can be learned from the first/second paragraph of this passage?What’s the main idea/subject of the passage?This passage mainly explains ________.【真题解析】In addition to the words brought to English by foreigners, there are plenty of words which the British have collected from the countries they have settled in all over the world. There are even a few Chinese words, which I’m sure a Chinese speaker would never recognize from the way we pronounce them: ―typhoon‖ is a great wind; ―to kowtow‖ is to bow down low; a ―sampan‖ is a small wooden boat. Over 5,000 of the words in common use in English today are words of foreign origin. Some of them are clearly recognizable as foreign like ―judo‖ or ―pizza‖; others now look so English that only a language historian knows where they came from.So English is in a state of permanent development. Both in Britain and abroad it is gaining new words and expressions, and dropping and changing old ones. Words change their meaning, and they go in and out of fashion like hairstyle. Nobody knows all the 4 million words that said to exist; a well-educated person probably uses under 200,000. so don’t be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks; and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you haven’t heard before, you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who doesn’t know it either.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that______.A) few English words are of British originB) many English words are over 5,000 years oldC) few English words are of foreign originD) many English words are from other languagesThe main idea of the passage is______.A) the British have collected words from all over the worldB) only a language historian knows of foreign originC) no English speakers knows all English wordsD) English words are changing all the time二、观点态度题观点态度题是指考察作者的观点（opinion）、态度（attitude）以及文章的基调（tone）的题，通常文章中没有直接的答案，必须通过字里行间作者的用词、语气等进行揣摩。

【解题技巧】一般来说，新闻类、科学报道、历史事件方面的文章是以事实为依据，作者的观点、态度一般是中立的；而社论、评论性文章（如影评、书评）和辩论文，作者的观点是是首要的，这类文章主观性极强，通常文章最后一段或最后一句作者的观点、态度表达尤为明显。

观点态度题常用选项如下：positive negative neutral unfriendly worriedhumorous favorable unfavorable tolerant criticalpessimistic optimistic impersonal objective subjectiveangry respectful offensive approving disapprovingconcerned unconcerned indifferent defensive sympathetic【提问方式】What’s the author’s attitude toward…?The author’s attitude toward…can be best described as _________.This passage can be best described as _________.The tone of this passage can be best described as…?【真题解析】In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six. At this stage nearly all the teachers are women, mostly married. The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested. The old authoritarian要求绝对服从的methods of education were discredit不被认可rather a long time ago—so much so that many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction.The social education of young children tried t make them accept the idea that human beings in a society need to work together for their common good. So the emphasis is on co-operation rather than competition throughout most of his process. This may seem curious, in view of the fact that American society is highly competitive; however, the need for making people sociable in this sense has come to be regarded as one of the functions of education. Most Americans do grow up with competitive ideas, and obviously quite a few as criminals, but it is not fair to say that the education system fails. It probably does succeed in making most people sociable and ready to help one another both in material ways and through kindness and friendliness.The author’s attitudes towards American education can be best described as____.A)unfriendly B)negative C)tolerant D)favorable三、推断题【解题技巧】推理题不能从文章中直接找到答案，凡是从原文照搬的答案一般都不是正确选项。