英语国家社会文化知识
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语1. British Monarchy：英国君主制，指的是英国的君主制政府体制。
2. House of Commons：下议院，指的是英国主要立法机关之一，也是英国议会的两个部分之一。
3. House of Lords：上议院，指的是英国另外一个主要立法机关，也是英国议会的两个部分之一。
4. Prime Minister：首相，指的是英国执政党领导人，是英国内阁的首脑和政府的领导者。
5. Cabinet：内阁，指的是由首相挑选的政府部长组成的政府机构，决定英国政府的政策和行动。
6. Queen’s Speech：女王演讲，每年在英国的议会开幕时，由女王亲自发表的演讲。
7. Politics：政治，指的是社会维护社会稳定，调节社会关系，实现社会发展的活动过程。
8. Parliament：英国议会，是讨论和决定英国国家政策的高级立法机构，也是英国政府的最高权力机构。
9. Law：法律，规范国家内外秩序、保障国家和民族利益和权利的检测过程。
10. Constitution：宪法，是一国的政权体系以及公民权利和义务的根本法。
11. Human Rights：人权，指人们在代表国家的政府的保护下，享有的一系列的权利和自由。
12. Freedom of Expression：言论自由，指人民可以自由地表达自己的想法，不受任何形式压制。
13. National Identity：国家认同，指共同体中具有特定文化、语言、信仰等共同性的独特性，共同为国家特定历史、凝聚力和竞争力而努力。
14. Diversity：多样性，指的是不同文化、不同宗教、不同背景和不同选择等等，都在一起被尊重、受到容纳、并互相影响。
15. Multiculturalism：多元文化，指的是一个社会中的多种文化，有存在的多样性的社会。
16. Immigration：移民，指的是一个国家的人口在短时间内有显著的增长，或者将永久定居于其他国家的行为。
82-英语国家社会与文化
中国海洋大学本科生课程大纲课程属性：公共基础/通识教育/学科基础/专业知识/工作技能，课程性质：必修、选修一、课程介绍本课程介绍英语国家的社会与文化。
中国学生从小学习英语，但要理解谈话对方（指母语国家人群），只学习语言是远远不够的，必须了解、学习英语国家的社会和文化背景。
本课程主要介绍美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、爱尔兰、新西兰六个主要英语国家的社会文化及其特点。
This course is an introduction to the study of society and culture of English-speaking countries. Chinese students begin to learn English at a very young age, however, language is only half of the solution to understanding people. To truly understand, we must learn their culture as well. In this course, students learn about the characteristics and culture of six major English-speaking countries of the world: United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.二、课程目标本课程是为英语专业学生提供培养英语专业素养的平台，旨在通过介绍六个主要英语国家的社会文化，巩固和加强学生对英语语言的学习，鼓励学生亲身体验英语国家的社会文化，增长见识，拓宽视野，汲取来自不同背景、拥有不同经历的人们的新信息和新观点，学会欣赏和尊重不同社会的生活方式。
与异国文化进行比较，加深学生对本国文化的了解和把握。
英语国家社会文化PPT精品课件
cup, saucer, and teaspoon茶(咖啡)杯碟和茶匙
（2）、点菜
❖ What’s today’s special?(今天的特餐是 什么？)
❖ Do you have anything special on the menu today?(今天的菜单有什 么特餐？)
❖ 如果您不喜欢递过来的菜肴时，只要说"No, thank you."即可。 ❖ 咀嚼食物，一定要避免出声。 ❖ 用过的刀、叉，必须放回盘子里，不能放在餐桌巾上。 人或
侍者表示可以把主菜餐盘拿走了。 ❖ 席间要轻声谈些轻松愉快的话题，尽量避免一声不响地闷着头吃饭。
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please.
❖ I want fruit cake ❖ May I have my bill and skimmed milk. please?
英语国家社会与文化知识要点汇总
Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求，了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义:帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点:文化的概念；英国基本情况。
教学难点:英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: (详见下页）1.什么是文化？2．英国国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域3. 伦敦概况教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。
时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.);What’s th e relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟);Why should we learn culture (10 分钟);UK- a complicated country with a complicated name(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1Unit OnePart One1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,language,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. What’s the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society areinterrelated and cannot exist without each other.2)Culture is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A societyis a system of interrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameⅠStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past--“an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国）:1.one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding memberof NATO, and of the Commonwealth,2. Member of European Union and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a populationof which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1. The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2. The makeup of the British population--- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims;gender difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.) economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries:-- difference between highland and lowland Scots-- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots，north and south England，the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1. London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England.3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.London--cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is England's capital and a favourite for tourists from all over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.2.London Attractions:Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.The Tower of London,Tower Bridge,St Paul's Cathedralthe River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres.The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palacewhere you can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard'and muchmore.3. A significant role of LondonWhen a man is tired of London, you are tired of life for there is in London all that life can afford.—Samuel Johnson London is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with abo ut one seventh of the nation’spopulation.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to someextent the rest of the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country’s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyClimate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or so later black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down. At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eight degrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sun will begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃ in winter, 12-17℃ in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastUnit TwoThe History of England课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，尤其是英格兰的历史；掌握主要历史事件及人物。
六年级英语国家文化小知识单选题40题
六年级英语国家文化小知识单选题40题1. Which of the following is a famous traditional festival in the UK?A. ThanksgivingB. HalloweenC. EasterD. Mid - Autumn Festival答案：C。
解析：选项A感恩节是美国的传统节日。
选项B万圣节虽然英国也过，但相比之下，复活节是英国非常重要且传统的节日，有很多独特的习俗如复活节彩蛋等。
选项D中秋节是中国的传统节日，与英国文化无关，所以选C。
2. What is the most famous clock tower in the UK?A. Eiffel TowerB. Leaning Tower of PisaC. Big BenD. Tokyo Tower答案：C。
解析：选项A埃菲尔铁塔在法国。
选项B比萨斜塔在意大利。
选项D东京塔在日本。
而大本钟是英国著名的钟楼，所以答案是C。
3. Which animal is a symbol of the UK?A. KangarooB. PandaC. LionD. Elephant答案：C。
解析：选项A袋鼠是澳大利亚的象征动物。
选项B熊猫是中国的国宝。
选项D大象不是英国的象征动物，狮子是英国的象征动物之一，所以答案为C。
4. Which of the following is a traditional British food?A. PizzaB. SushiC. Fish and chipsD. Tacos答案：C。
解析：选项A披萨是意大利的传统食物。
选项B寿司是日本的食物。
选项D墨西哥卷饼是墨西哥的食物，而鱼和薯条是英国的传统食物，所以答案是C。
5. What is the name of the river that flows through London?A. SeineB. ThamesC. DanubeD. Rhine答案：B。
英语国家社会文化知识
1.英语语言发展阶段：古英语--中古英语--现代英语：古英语-old English主要是日耳曼部落讲的凯尔特语，语法性浓厚。
中古英语-Middle English罗曼底征服事件后，人种混合，语言混合，英语渐渐取代法语成为主要语言。
语法形态简化。
现代英语-文艺复兴，印刷术，伦敦方言成为标准英语。
语音变化巨大。
趋势-简化语法，简化单词。
变体-美国英语（主导），澳大利亚英语，加拿大英语，南非英语，印度英语。
2.英美国家概况之历史篇：美国历史（重要事件列出）：最早的美国人是印第安人；英国在1607在美国建立殖民地，并逐渐建立13个殖民地。
1776年圣诞节美军挫败英军，1783年巴黎和约英国承认美国独立。
美国宪法前十条是«人权法案»，保护个人权利。
英美最后一次交火是1812年的英美战争。
美国内战期间，林肯发表【解放奴隶宣言】，1863葛底斯堡演说民有民享民治（the government of the people,by the people and for the people）.1903年，莱特兄弟发明第一架飞机。
第一次世界大战，美国宣布中立，但实际上是支持同盟政策。
20ce20ys,美国是物质上成功但精神挫败迷惘的时期。
罗斯福的新政措施目的在于拯救美国民主制度和资本主义制度。
20ce30ys,美国奉行孤立主义外交政策。
目的是远离欧洲和亚洲的战争。
二战期间，美国外交政策针对英国和前苏联，想赢得战争，阻止苏联扩张。
美苏英三国首脑会晤三次，第一次1943德黑兰会议决定“霸王行动”向法国进攻。
第二次1945年雅尔塔会议，决定建联合国组织。
第三次1945波茨坦会议，确定欧洲格局暂时分配。
1946年，美国电报出现遏制苏联政策，1949年，杜鲁门公开遏制政策。
同年，美国签订北约（The North Atlantic Treaty).1945年以来，美国经济进入25年的繁荣期。
1962古巴导弹危机，在位肯尼迪。
初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点
初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点英语作为一门全球通用的语言，学习英语不仅仅是学习语言知识，还涉及到英语国家的文化、习俗和传统。
在初中阶段，学生需要掌握一些关于英语国家和文化的基本知识点。
本文将介绍一些与英语国家和文化相关的知识点。
1. 英语国家及其地理位置英语是英国的母语，但也广泛使用于其他国家和地区。
主要的英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。
这些国家分布在不同的大陆，有着各自独特的地理环境和人文特点。
2. 主要的英语国家文化每个英语国家都有其独特的文化特点。
比如英国文化以绅士风度、茶文化和冠冕堂皇的皇室传统而闻名；美国文化以自由、多元和创新为核心；加拿大文化强调多元文化以及对自然环境的保护。
学生需要了解这些文化特点，以便更好地理解和交流。
3. 英语国家的节日和庆典不同的英语国家有自己独特的节日和庆典。
比如英国的圣诞节、复活节和万圣节；美国的独立日和感恩节；加拿大的国庆日等。
学生可以通过学习这些节日和庆典，了解当地的文化习俗和传统。
4. 英语国家的体育文化体育在英语国家有着重要的地位，不同的体育项目也与当地文化紧密相连。
例如英式足球在英国是最受欢迎的运动，美国橄榄球和篮球在美国备受热爱，加拿大的冰球是国球。
了解英语国家的体育文化，对于拓宽学生的视野和培养体育兴趣都有益处。
5. 英语国家的饮食文化饮食文化也是了解一个国家的重要方面。
英语国家的饮食文化多种多样，比如英国的英式早餐、美国的汉堡和炸鸡、加拿大的枫糖浆等。
学生可以通过学习英语国家的饮食文化，了解不同国家的饮食习俗和传统。
6. 英语国家的名人和文化艺术英语国家涌现了众多的名人和文化艺术家。
通过了解一些英语国家的重要名人和文化艺术作品，学生可以进一步了解英语国家的历史和文化成就。
比如英国的莎士比亚、美国的爱默生和卡莱尔、加拿大的贝鲁特等。
7. 英语国家的教育体系英语国家的教育体系对于学生的成长和未来发展起到重要的影响。
了解英语国家的教育体系，可以帮助学生更好地规划自己的学习和职业发展。
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语在英语国家的社会和文化中，有许多重要的术语被广泛使用和讨论。
这些术语反映了英语国家的独特价值观和方式。
以下是一些在英语国家社会和文化中常见的重要术语。
1. 自由（Freedom）: 自由是英语国家社会和文化中非常重要的价值观。
它包括个人自由、言论自由、宗教自由和政治自由等。
人们坚信，每个人都有权利追求幸福和自我实现，而不受限制或压制。
2. 平等（Equality）: 平等是另一个重要的价值观，意味着每个人都应该被平等对待，不受财富、种族、性别、宗教或其他身份特征的歧视。
英语国家注重提供平等的机会和待遇，以确保社会的公正性和包容性。
3. 多元文化主义（Multiculturalism）: 多元文化主义指的是英语国家社会中不同文化、种族和宗教群体的共存和接纳。
这意味着人们不仅尊重和容忍其他文化的差异，还重视文化多样性对社会的贡献和丰富。
4. 民主（Democracy）: 民主是英语国家非常重视的政治制度。
它鼓励所有公民参与决策过程，通过选举来选择政府和领导人。
民主也意味着尊重个人权利和基本自由，同时保护少数群体的利益。
5. 社交礼仪（Etiquette）: 社交礼仪是英语国家文化的一部分，强调个人与他人的尊重和礼貌。
这包括正式的礼节、表达感谢和给予对他人的尊重。
6. 幽默（Humor）: 幽默在英语国家文化中是非常重要的。
幽默被视为生活中的一种积极态度，人们经常使用幽默来缓解紧张的局势和改善人际关系。
8. 教育（Education）: 教育在英语国家非常重要，被认为是达到个人成功和社会发展的关键。
英语国家致力于提供高质量的教育，以便培养学生的技能和知识，并帮助他们实现自己的潜力。
9. 家庭（Family）: 家庭是英语国家的核心，被视为最重要的社会单位。
家庭关系通常非常亲密，家庭成员之间的相互支持和彼此照顾被视为非常重要。
10. 慈善（Charity）: 在英语国家，慈善事业是社会文化的重要组成部分。
英语国家社会文华
英语国家社会文化知识竞赛答案一：答案：1-5 C A B A D 6-10 BCACD11-15 C A C D B 16-20 A D A C D21-25 A D B C A 26-30 B A C D B31-35 B B A B C 36-40 A A B C D二：答案：1. _c____.2. __a___.3. _b____.4. __a___.5. __c___.6. ___a__7. __c___.8. ___a__9. __c___. 10. __a___. 11. ___a__ 12. __c___.13. ____b_.14. ___c__ 15. __b___.16. __d___.17. __c___. 18. _d____. 19. __b___. 20__d___.三：答案：1-5 DBADD 6-10 BCCDA 11-15 DDBBD 16-20 BDCAB四：答案：1.D2. D3. C4. D5. A6. C7. D8. A9. B 10. A 11. B 12. B 13.A 14.B 15.C 16. C 17.D 18. D 19. C 20. A五：答案：1-5 A B C D B 6-10 C A D A B11-15 D B A A C 16-20 D A D A B21-25 D C B C B 26-30 C D A B A31-35 C A B A C 36-40 D C B C D六：答案：1-5AADCA 6-10 DCBAA11-15 AADDD 16-20 BBCAD21-25 CBBCD 26-30DACCD31-35 CCDCA 36-40 AABAC41-45 DACDC 46-50 DDCCB七：答案：1.B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13.A 14. C 15. D 16.B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20.C 21. C 22. B 23. D24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34.D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D第八题答案：1-5 T F F F T6-10 F T F F F11-15 F T F F T16-20 F F T F F21-25 T F T T T26-30 F F F F T31-35 T T F F T36-40 F T T T TKey:1. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.2. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of 1492.3. Two major political parties are the Democratic Party, and the Republican Party.4. The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was Alexander Hamilton.5. “WASP” stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.6. The Three Faiths in the U.S. refer to Protestant; Catholic: Jewish.7. The first Catholic president in the U.S. was J.F. Kennedy.8. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered the greatest novel in American literature.9. Ezra Pound’s poetry is famous for imagism.10. T.S. Eliot’s long poem The Waste Land revealed a pessimistic view of post-World War I society.11. Those who worked in the civil rights movement included Negro leaders, black and white young people, and some professionals and some housewives.12. According to a professor of history, all social movements have two basic characteristics: structure and spontaneity.13. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is the blacks.14. Former President Nixon said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.15. American slavery was finally abolished by Lincoln.16. The two most well-known computer companies are IMB and Apple.17. The largest software company is Microsoft.18. The director of Microsoft Company is Bill Gates.19. The Grand Canyon is by the Colorado River.20. The Hoover Dam was named after President Herbert Hoover.第九题答案：1-5 T F T F F 6-10 T F T F T11-15 T T F F T 16-20 F T T F F第十题答案：1. False2. True3. False4. True5. True6. False7. False8. False9. True 10. False 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. True 16. False 17. False 18. True19. False 20. True第十一题答案：1. F2. F3. F4. F5. T6.Ｔ7. T8. F9. F.10. T11. F 12. T 13. F 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. T第十二题答案：一：1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-e, 5-d二：1-c, 2-e, 3-b, 4-a, 5-d三：1-d, 2-a, 3- e, 4-b, 5-c四：1-e, 2-d, 3-a, 4- c, 5-b第十三题答案：1.The capital of Scotland Edinburgh.2.The largest city in Scotland Glasgow3.The author of Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scott4.Dr. Faustus Christopher Marlowe5.Frankstein Mary Shelley6.The inventor of the telegraph codes Samues F B Morse7. The inventor of electric bulb Thomas Edison8. The inventor of the mechanic reaper Cyrus H McCormick9. Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser10. Daisy Miller Henry James11. Martin Eden Jack London12. Awakening Kate Chopin13. The Leaves Walt Whitman14. Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne15. The Last Mohicans James Fenimore Cooper16. Moby Dick Herman Melville17. Tender is the Night F. S. Fitzgerald18. Farewell to the Arms Ernest Hemingway19. The Wrath of Grapes John Steinbeck20. Catch 22 Joseph Heller第十四体答案：1.stereotypes 定势/刻板印象2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语言3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义4. Masculinity 男性特征5. high-context culture 高语境文化6. monochronic time 单一时间观念7. speech act 言语行为8. conversation taboos 对话禁忌9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰10. power distance 权力距离11. 译码decoding12. 偏见prejudice13. 文化震惊cultural shock14. 不确定性回避uncertainty avoidance15. 概念意义denotational meaning16. 语用错误pragmatic f ailure17. 礼貌原则the Politeness Principle18.归纳法inductive pattern19. 空间语言spatial language/proximics20. 礼仪与礼节etiquette and protocol第十五题答案：1.England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNorthern Ireland Belfast2.Boxing Day December 26 Christmas Day December 25 Halloween October 31Guy Fawkes Day November 53.Washington D.C Big BenNew York Opera HouseLondon The White HouseSydney Statue of Liberty4.Valentine’s Day February 14 Thanksgiving Day 4th Thursday in November Independence Day July 4Flag Day June 145.A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens The Dubliners James JoyceTess of the D’Urbervilles Thomas HardySons and Lovers D. H. Lawrence6.Paradise Lost John MiltonRobinson Crusoe Daniel DefoeGulliver’s Travels Jonathan SwiftPilgrim’s Progress John Bunyan7.Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Walt Whitman Leaves of GrassT.S. Eliot The Waste LandNathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter8.The Norman Conquest 1066Black Death 1347-1350The people’s Charter 1838The Industrial Revolution later 18th-early 19th centuries 9.Agribusiness technological farming Silicon Glen area between Glasgow & Edinburgh “Sick industry”British coal mining“British disease”Britain’s economic deline 10.1492 Columbus’s discovery of the New World 1607-1733 British colonies in North America 1812 the war between Britain & the USA 1861-1865 American Civil War 11.1：The Progressive Movement reformingthe society & individuals through government action 2：Wilson’s New Freedom Programlow rate loans for farmers3：The Great Depressionstock market crash121：The New Dealstimulation of the recovery of industry2：The Truman DoctrineSupporting any country fighting against communism3：The Marshall PlanAn economic aid plan to aid Western Europe4：The little Rock Incident Protecting the African-American studentsCounterculture movement Revolt against the moral values13Veterans Day Honoring old soldiers Memorial Day Remembrance for those died in the nation’s serviceIndependence Day The birthday of America Thanksgiving Day Gratitude for the blessings 14.Britain The University of Oxford America Harvard UniversityCanada The university of Toronto Australia Sydney University15.1:On StudyStudies serve for delight, for ornament, & for ability. 2:The Merchant Of VeniceAll that glitters is not gold.3:The Old Man & SeaA man can be destroyed but not defeated.4:Ode To The West WindIf winter comes, can spring be far behind?Ralph Waldo Emerson The American Scholar Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Psalm of Life Edgar Allan Poe To HelenEmily Dickinson The Soul Selects Her Own Society 17.Philadelphia City of Brotherly Love Pittsburgh Steel CityChicago Windy CityDetroit Auto City18.1863 Abraham Lincoln: The Gettsyburg Address1776The Declaration of Independence 1983Space Shuttle Columbia islaunched1963 Martin Luther King: I have a dream19.A balloon being burst popSomeone eating crisps crunchA light being switched on clickA fierce dog growlForgive and forget. Let bygones be bygones. One misfortune rides on another’s back.Hardship never comes alone.Every bird likes its own nest. East or west home is best.Life is but a span. We have only a short life to live.第十六题答案:Section APicture 1-Mount Rushmore Picture 2- Manhattan peninsulaPicture 3- Sydney Opera House Picture 4- capitolPicture 5- London Bridge Picture 6- London eyePicture 7- Venice river Picture 8- Statue of Liberty Picture 9- Triumphal Arch Picture 10- ParthenonSection B1. New Zealand2. Germany3. Switzerland4. France5. Holland6. Canada7. Russia8. U.S.9. Australia 10. Italy。
英语国家文化背景知识在英语学习中有重要作用
英语国家文化背景知识在英语学习中有重要作用。
英语语言知识是以英语文化背景知识为载体的，因此掌握更多的英语文化背景知识，对于运用英语思维、提高交际能力的作用是不言而喻的。
1、There's no such thing as a free lunch我们常常听说这样一句话：There's no such thing as a free lunch.（没有免费的午餐），你知道这句话是怎么来的吗？十九世纪的时候，美国有些酒吧给顾客提供“免费的午餐”。
所谓午餐，其实不过是些用来和啤酒一起送出的脆饼；而所谓免费，当然不是真的，不买酒喝就没有饼吃。
所以，当时有人说：There's no such thing as a free lunch.到了二十世纪七十年代，经济学家弗里德曼 (Milton Friedman)写的一本书用了这句话做书名。
他在别的著作、演讲里也多次引用这句话。
于是，这句话就又流行了起来。
有时，我们不相信会得到一些优惠，就可以用这句“弗里德曼名言”。
例如：I don't believe he's giving us the money without any ulterior motive. There's no such thing asa free lunch.我不相信他送钱给我们不是别有用心，世上没有免费的午餐2、Teach a fish how to swim你听说过有不会游泳的鱼吗？你听说过鱼因不会游泳而淹死的事吗？如果谁有这样的担忧，就和那个被嘲笑了几百年的担心天会塌下来的杞国人没什么差别了，必定会成为人们茶余饭后的笑料。
作为一种本能，鱼儿天生就是会游泳的，完全适应水底生活，如果有人想教鱼儿how to swim，这和在鲁班门前卖弄使斧头的功夫，在孔老夫子面前卖弄写文章的本领又有什么差异呢？因此，teach a fish how to swim 的含义就是“班门弄斧”，“在孔夫子面前卖文章”。
英美文化知识-节日礼仪生活
英语国家中传统的文娱和体育活动:棒球、橄榄球等；英国:4月23日/7月---戏剧节--为纪念莎士比亚而举行的盛大文娱活动英语国家中重要的节假日:圣诞节---12月25日，情人节----2月14日；感恩节—11月的第四个星期四开始，持续四天感恩节每年11月的最后一个星期四是感恩节(Thanksgiving Day) 。
感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。
1620年，著名的“五月花”船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。
1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。
这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。
在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。
第二天和第三天又举行了摔跤、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。
第一个感恩节非常成功。
其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定。
直到美国独立后的1863年，林肯总统宣布感恩节为全国性节日。
习俗每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等，学校和商店也都按规定放假体息。
孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装，画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。
散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节，一家人团团围坐在一起，大嚼美味火鸡。
同时，好客的美国人也忘不掉这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的入共度佳节。
英语国家社会文化知识
英语国家社会文化知识1.The first permanent settlement in North America wasestablished in today’s ______ in 1607.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. VirginiaD. Arkansas2.The following drafted Declaration of IndependenceEXCEPT ______.A. George W ashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. John AdamsD. Benjamin Franklin3.Which of the following is the only branch of the U.S.Federal government that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D.The president.4.The Three Faiths in the U.S. refer to _______.A.Protestant, Catholic, JewishB.Protestant, Christian, HindusC.Puritan, Catholic, JewishD.Puritan, Christian, Islam5.Which of the following novelists does NOT belong to“the Lost Generation”?A.F. Scott Fitzgerald.B.John Dos Passos.C.Ernest Hemingway.D.Nathaniel Hawthorne.6.The following authors are Nobel Prize winners EXCEPT ______.A.Eugene O’NeillB.Herman MelvilleC.Thomas Stearns EliotD.Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill7._______ has the second largest Chinese community in North America.A.New YorkB.San FranciscoC.VancouverD.Montreal8.________ is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The Australian Financial ReviewC.The AustralianD.The Mercury9.Which of the following states or provinces is NOT located in the Great Lakes?A.New York.B.Minnesota.C.British Columbia.D.Ontario.10.Canada's first national park and the world's thirdis _________.A.the Smoky Mountain National ParkB.the Grand Canyon National ParkC.the Grand Teton National ParkD.the Banff National Park11.Which of the following is NOT considered IvyLeague Schools?A.Brown University.B.Cornell University.C.Stanford University.D.Princeton University.12.The international border between the Canadianprovince of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York is formed by ____________.A.Niagara FallsB.the Rocky MountainsC.EvergladesD.Appalachian Trail13.The farthest island in the Florida Keys is Key West,which is the site of home of novelist _____.A.Mark TwainB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemingwayD.Jack London14.Which of the following does NOT belong to thewhite-collar crime?A.Bribery.B.Tax evasion.C.False advertising.D.Robbery.15.Which of the following provinces or territoriesis next to Alaska, a state of the U.S.?A.Newfoundland.B.Nunavut.C.Quebec.D.Yukon.16.W hich of the following newspapers is British?A.The Guardian.B.Newsday.C.Denver Post.D.Seattle Times.17.Jazz is believed to appear first in _______,U.S.A..A.ChicagoB.DenverC.AtlantaD.New Orleans18.Listen to a piece of music and then identify which country’s national anthem it is. （音频在文件夹里）A.Britain.B.The United States.C.Australia.D.Canada.19.Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A.D. H. Lawrence.B.Robert L. Stevenson.C.Walter Scott.D.Charles Dickens.20.The T ower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by ______.A.King HaroldB.Robin HoodC.Oliver CromwellD.William the Conqueror21.Which of the following can NOT be found in London?A.TeahousesB. GalleriesC. MuseumsD. Theatres22.When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament?A.In 1715B. in 1688C. In 1745D. in 170723.Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A.James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I24.By whom is a “Vote of no confidence” decided?A.The House of Commons C. the House of LordsB.The two major parties D. the Prime Minister25.Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?A.FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD. BMW26.In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?A.The U. S and GermanyB.The U.S and RussiaC.Germany and RussiaD.France and Russia27.Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A.The Canterbury TalesB. BeowulfC. The UlsterCycle D. Morte D’A rthur28.What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?A.NovelB. EssayC. DramaD. Poetry29.Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A.D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Jane AustenD. Walter Scott30.Where is the international tennis championships held?A.WembleyB. WimbledonC. St. AndrewsD.Clapham31.Which one of the following has nothing to do with Easter?A.RabbitsB. haggisC. chicksD. eggs32.I n Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16A.Can legally receive partly free educationB.Can legally receive completely free educationC.Can not receive free education at allD.Can not receive free education if their parents are rich.33.The sharp increase in Australian population afterW.W. II was partly becauseA.A large postwar immigration programme was carried outB.The Aboriginal people and the Torres Strait Islanders were not included in the census before WWIIC.More British convicts were transported to AustraliaD.Australian soldiers came back from the War34.T he largest state in terms of population in AustraliaisA.QueenslandB. New South WalesC. WesternAustralia D. Victoria35.TAFE is a form ofA.Primary educationB. secondary educationC.post-secondary education D. private education36._______ is the oldest newspaper Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The AustralianC.The MercuryD.The Australian Financial Review37.The first settlers of New Zealand were _____.A.Voyagers from East PolynesiaB.European navigatorsC.Sealers and whalersD.Christian missionaries38.The following were the main Reformation leaders except _____A.Martin Luther.B.Martin Luther King.C.John Calvin.D.The English King Henry VIII.39.The “American system” of mass production was first used in _____A.Car industryB.Textile industryC.Firearms industryD.Agriculture40.The latest technology that farmers have adopted is ______A.Artificial fertilizersB.PesticideC.Tractors/doc/1b14540265.html,puters。
(完整word版)英语国家社会与文化教案
英语专业本科教案英语国家社会与文化授课教案Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称：英语国家社会与文化授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求，了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义:帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点:文化的概念；英国基本情况。
教学难点:英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: (详见下页）1.什么是文化？2．英国国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域3. 伦敦概况教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。
时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.);What’s the relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟);Why should we learn culture (10 分钟);UK- a complicated country with a complicated name(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1Unit OnePart One1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,language,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. What’s the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society are interrelated andcannot exist without each other.2)Culture is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A society is a system ofinterrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameⅠStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past--“an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国）:1.one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member ofNATO, and of the Commonwealth,2. Member of European Union and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1.The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2.The makeup of the British population--- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims; gender difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.)economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries:-- difference between highland and lowland Scots-- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots，north and southEngland，the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1. London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England.3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.London--cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is England's capital and a favourite for tourists from all over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.2.London Attractions:Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.The Tower of London,Tower Bridge,St Paul's Cathedralthe River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres.The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palace whereyou can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard' and much more.3. A significant role of LondonWhen a man is tired of London, you are tired of life for there is in London all that life can afford.—Samuel Johnson London is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with about one seventh of the nation’s population.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to some extent the restof the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country’s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyClimate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantlysunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret hislaughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or solater black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down.At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eightdegrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sunwill begin to shine, and for an hour or two befo re darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃ in winter, 12-17℃ in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastUnit TwoThe History of England课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，尤其是英格兰的历史；掌握主要历史事件及人物。
英语国家社会与文化知识点
英语国家社会与文化知识点2. Diversity: English-speaking countries are known for their cultural diversity due to historical reasons like colonization and immigration. These countries host people from various ethnic, racial, religious, and linguistic backgrounds. It is importantto be open-minded and respectful of different cultural practices and values.3. Education: Education is highly valued in English-speaking countries, with a focus on providing quality education to their citizens. The education systems in these countries emphasize critical thinking, creativity, and practical skills. Some of the world's top-ranking universities are located in English-speaking countries.5. Sports: Sports play a significant role in English-speaking countries. Football (soccer) is highly popular in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, while Americanfootball, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey are popular inthe United States and Canada. Rugby is widely played inAustralia and New Zealand.6. Food and Drink: English-speaking countries have diverse culinary traditions. The United Kingdom is known for its traditional dishes like fish and chips, roast beef, andafternoon tea. The United States is famous for its fast food culture, while Australia is known for its barbecues and seafood.Craft beer and wine production are prevalent in these countries as well.7. Holidays and Celebrations: English-speaking countries have their unique holidays and celebrations. For example, in the United States, Independence Day is celebrated on July 4th with fireworks and barbecues. Christmas is a significant holiday in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, with customslike exchanging gifts and decorating Christmas trees.8. Arts and Entertainment: English-speaking countries are renowned for their contributions to art, literature, music, theatre, and film. The United Kingdom has a rich literary tradition with renowned authors like Shakespeare, Dickens, and Rowling. Hollywood, located in the United States, is globally recognized for its film and entertainment industry.。
英语国家社会与文化入门知识考点总结
Unit1.（选择、判断、填空）1. The flag of Britain :Union Jack2. The capital of each country :3. The time joining the British parliament:However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4. Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding islesUK=Great Britain + Northern IrelandGreat Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5. The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.the Vikings invaded.Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus "Dane".the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this country.Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invadingLondon: (P18)Unit2（选择、判断、填空）Northern Ireland (often called "Ulster"after an ancient Irish kingdom)1. Activities to seek Irish independence :Home -ruleThe Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took over Dublin's Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.2. Political parties:the Sinn Fein partySDLP: Social Democratic and Labour PartyIRA: Irish Republican Army (illegal)3. Political troubles in Northern Ireland (famous):Indigenous Roman Catholicsv s. Protestant immigratesPartition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would form an independent "free state", while the 6 north-eastern counties would remain a part of the UK.(即26 Republic Ireland ,6 Northern Ireland )4. the Good Friday Agreement 了:( 解下，P36)Unit 31. Process of state building:The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.2. The oldest institution of government in Britain :Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.3. Divine right of kings :It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.4. Magna Carta :limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power.5. the Bill of Rights :ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. ( William of Oran时ge 期)6. The Constitution :(P49)7. The functions of parliament (: P49)8. Parliament:The queen : (symbolised ,traditional )She is legally head of the executive, anin tegral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and "supreme governor" of the Church of England，a confidante to the Prime Ministe(r 了解下)The House of Lords ：do not receive salaries，both sexist and elitist 了( 解下) Lords Spiritual hereditary peersLords Temporal life peersThe House of Commons (P49) 重要Unit41. The importance of general elections:(P67重) 要2. The electoral campaigns :(P67)3. The formation of the government :(P67)4. The class system in theUK:(P67)5. Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67) 了解下6. The main political parties in the UK:The Conservative party( newest) : setting up the National Health ServiceThe Labour party :From 1979 to 1997,t he Conservative Party won 4 elections in row The Liberal Democrats: a party of the "middle"Margaret-Thatcher 改革(There were also negative consequence了s)解下Unit5(判断、选择、填空)1、Absolute Decline2、Relative Decline of the UK economy: (P81)重要3、the reason for its relative decline 了:(解下)the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the warthe era of empire was overLarge military expensesOutdated industries and less-competitive productsA lack of close relationship between industry and banks4. The division of British industries :Primary industries （mining industry 矿业）Secondary industries （steelindust钢ry铁业）Tertiary industries （insurance保险，the selling of goods）5. The City: The name given to the historic area at the centre of London6. The London Stock ExchangeT: he heart of the City（伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）Unit6（填空、选择、判断）1. Beowulf :One of the oldest of these early "Old English" literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.2. Geoffrey Chauce：r The Canterbury Tales3. Elizabethan Drama:Marlowe ：The Tragical History of Dr FaustusWilliam Shakespeare：Romeo and Juliet The Taming of the ShrewHamlet A Midsummer Night's Dream tragedies Othello comedies Twelfth Night重要）King Lear The TempestMacbeth.history plays：Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caes，ar Antony and Cleopatra4. The 17th Century:John Milton : Paradise Lost5. The 18th Century:Jonathan Swift :Gulliver's Travels6. The Romantic Period:William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridg：eLyrical Ballads ( marked the beginning of the Romantic Period.)George Gordon, Lord ByronThree men John KeatsPercy Bysshe Shelley7. The Nineteenth Century Novel:Mary Shelley :FrankensteinSense and SensibilityJane Austen Pride and PrejudiceEmmaCharlotte : Jane Eyrethe Bronte sisters Emily: Wuthering HeightsAnnElizabeth Gaskell :N orth and SouthOliver TwistCharles Dickens David CopperfieldGreat ExpectationsThe Return of the NativeThomas Hardy Tess of the D' UrbervillesJude the Obscure8. Female writers in the 1th9 century of Britain:Mary ShelleyJane Austenthe Bronte sistersElizabeth Gaskell9.20th Century Literature :Twentieth century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periodMs:o dernism,and Postmodernism.Joseph Conrad：The Heart of DarknessMrs. DallowayVirginia Woolf To the LighthouseOrlandoA Room of One's OwnD. H. Lawrence :S ons and LoversUnit71. The purpose of the British education system:①provide children with literacy and the other basic skills②socialise children③children are taught practical skills④learn the rules and values⑤participate in the community⑥contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.2. The influence of the church on schooling: education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches.religious education was the only subjectDaily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life3. The National Curriculum：All children throughout the country must study the following subjects: English,mathematics, science, religious education, history, geography, technology, music, art, physical education, and a modern foreign language.All children throughout the country must pass national tests and schools.All teachers are told what to teach and their schools are now ranked according to how well they perform this task.4.State school:93% of pupils receive free education from the public sector.5.Independent school(public schools/ private school):Independent schools are not part of the national education system.Etor schoolLarrow schoolWinchester college6. Comprehensive school:Entrance exams were abolished.Such schools provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature and sciences, to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.7. Grammar schoo：lThose who show academic potential are admitted to the grammar schools where the emphasis is on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools.8. GCSE：General Certificate of Secondary Education9. GCEA ：General Certificate of Education-Advanced10. GNVQs ：General National Vocational Qualifications11. The universities in Britain：British universities are public bodie，s except one university, the University of Buckingham.12. The Open University：The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree , through textbooks, tv and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centres.Unit81. Countries to establish UN:2. The permanent members of the UN Security Council:the Soviet Union, the United States, China ,France, UK3. The foundations of Britain's foreign policy:The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits4. The making of Britain's foreign polic:y(P128)5. The relationship between Britain and the E U(P128)The decision joined the EEC ( psychological , natural , controversial )The UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.6. The commonwealth: Britain is also a member of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of states .There are 50 members of the Commonwealthhich is made up mostly of former British colonies.7. NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ) :protect member states against aggressionThe purpose of NATO provide a foundation for security in Europeprovide a forum for transatlantic defence cooperation8.Special relationship with US h:as gone through many up and downs9.Independent nuclear weapons capability:Britain is a traditional sea power.Unit91. The division of British media: (降序排列)①TV②Newspaper (In Britain, most advertising is carried in newspapers)③Radio④Magazine2. The functions of the British media:①Entertainment②Provide British people with information about political and social issues③Provide weather reports④Carry advertising⑤Used for educational purposes⑥Provide a forum for people to write letters or phone in to express their views or seek advice⑦Help Britain engender national culture3.Oldest newspaper:The world's oldest national newspaper : The ObserverThe British oldest daily newspaper: The TimesThe very names of British newspapers-The Times, The Observer, The Guar—diasntill suggest that the function of the paper is to offer the electorate objective reports about what is happening in the country4. Papers issued internationally:The Financial Times is printed in Frankfurt, France, Hong Kong, New Jersey, Los Angeles, Tokyo and Madrid. ( (Daily)Telegraph / The News of the World )5. Quality press and gutter press:The Daily TelegraphThe Times6. Fleet street:It is also known as the Street of Shame7. BBC:(P144)Unit101.Sports born in Britain :Cricket, football, lawn tennis, golf, rugbyFA Cup:(Football Association Cup)2.Football violent sportGentle sport3. Tennis WimbledonWimbledon is where the world's best players gather to compete on gracsosu rts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4. Cricket:Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be The Sun gutter pressThe Guardian The ObserverQuality pressplayed according to the same rules nationally.5. Golf:The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.6. Horse sports:Flat racingHorse racing steeplechasingThe Grand NtionalThe Royal Asot : people usually dress up and show off their fashionable cloth and elaborate hats for the social eventEquestrianismHunting7. Three traditions of Christmas(P: 163)the Christmas Pantomimethe Queen's Christmas messagethe Boxing Day : Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.8. Religious holiday:crucifixion n and resurrection of Jesus Christ EasterChristmas9. National Holidays:---- Queen's Birthday"trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace10. Holidays in the 4 nations:England:Guy Fawkes Night (the Bonfire Night, celebrated in November) Northern Ireland:St Patrick's Day(March 17)Orange Marches,Battle of the Boyne (July 12) Scotland:Hogmanay (12.31)Burns Supper(1.25)Halloween (10.31)Wales:The Eisteddfod: festival of music making and poetry。
英语国家社会与文化入门（下册）（...
Going to School in America Today每年秋季近50万青少年通过美国约10万小学和中学新学年开始学校的门口走。
从幼儿园教室灌装到12年级，他们参加为5小时，平均每天班，每周5天，直到第二年夏天开始。
这些学生中的一部分的教育历史上最雄心勃勃的承诺之一：美国的教育工作，整个国家人口。
我们的目标是和自共和国的最初几十年中一直对实现普遍扫盲，并提供必要的知识和技能，以便促进他们自己的个人福利以及个人的广大市民。
尽管这个目标尚未完全实现，但它仍然是对美国的教育系统是针对理想。
在已取得的进展，显见其范围和已在对实现这一目标过程中形成的教育方法。
约85％的美国学生参加公立学校（学校由美国纳税人的支持）。
另外15％参加私人学校，他们的家庭选择要特别出勤费。
5的美国私立学校都是由4个教堂，犹太教堂或其他宗教团体。
在这样的学校，宗教教义的课程，其中还包括阅读，数学，历史，地理和科学传统的学术课程。
（宗教教育的一部分，是在公立学校不给。
）两种教育系统，合并后的公共和私人开支，超过一千九万点零万美元一年。
从这个角度看，美国的教育是一个功能强大的消费。
谁决定如何数百万美元的这些人中许多应该用于教师工资，新的计算机或额外的书籍，每年？私立学校符合国家标准的使用费，他们收集他们认为最好的。
但是，在涉及公共税收，支出遵循教育委员会学校（决策者在国家）和/或地区的水平。
同样的事情也是如此对学校课程，教师标准和认证的决定，以及全面衡量学生的进步。
Education—A Local Matter从夏威夷到特拉华州，从阿拉斯加到路易斯安那州，在美国50个州都有其自己的法律规范的教育。
从国家与国家，有些法律是相似，有些则没有。
例如：所有的州都要求青年人上学。
（不同的年龄限制：32个州要求参加到16岁，8至18岁;等）因此，在美国每一个儿童都享有高达13年的教育。
这是真的，不论孩子的种族，宗教，性别，学习问题，肢体伤残或不能讲英语。
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1.The first permanent settlement in North America wasestablished in today’s ______ in 1607.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. VirginiaD. Arkansas2.The following drafted Declaration of IndependenceEXCEPT ______.A. George W ashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. John AdamsD. Benjamin Franklin3.Which of the following is the only branch of the U.S.Federal government that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D.The president.4.The Three Faiths in the U.S. refer to _______.A.Protestant, Catholic, JewishB.Protestant, Christian, HindusC.Puritan, Catholic, JewishD.Puritan, Christian, Islam5.Which of the following novelists does NOT belong to“the Lost Generation”?A.F. Scott Fitzgerald.B.John Dos Passos.C.Ernest Hemingway.D.Nathaniel Hawthorne.6.The following authors are Nobel Prize winners EXCEPT______.A.Eugene O’NeillB.Herman MelvilleC.Thomas Stearns EliotD.Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill7._______ has the second largest Chinese community inNorth America.A.New YorkB.San FranciscoC.VancouverD.Montreal8.________ is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The Australian Financial ReviewC.The AustralianD.The Mercury9.Which of the following states or provinces is NOTlocated in the Great Lakes?A.New York.B.Minnesota.C.British Columbia.D.Ontario.10.Canada's first national park and the world's thirdis _________.A.the Smoky Mountain National ParkB.the Grand Canyon National ParkC.the Grand Teton National ParkD.the Banff National Park11.Which of the following is NOT considered IvyLeague Schools?A.Brown University.B.Cornell University.C.Stanford University.D.Princeton University.12.The international border between the Canadianprovince of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York is formed by ____________.A.Niagara FallsB.the Rocky MountainsC.EvergladesD.Appalachian Trail13.The farthest island in the Florida Keys is Key West,which is the site of home of novelist _____.A.Mark TwainB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemingwayD.Jack London14.Which of the following does NOT belong to thewhite-collar crime?A.Bribery.B.Tax evasion.C.False advertising.D.Robbery.15.Which of the following provinces or territoriesis next to Alaska, a state of the U.S.?A.Newfoundland.B.Nunavut.C.Quebec.D.Yukon.16.W hich of the following newspapers is British?A.The Guardian.B.Newsday.C.Denver Post.D.Seattle Times.17.Jazz is believed to appear first in _______,U.S.A..A.ChicagoB.DenverC.AtlantaD.New Orleans18.Listen to a piece of music and then identify whichcountry’s national anthem it is. （音频在文件夹里）A.Britain.B.The United States.C.Australia.D.Canada.19.Which of the following was the most famousScottish novelist?A.D. H. Lawrence.B.Robert L. Stevenson.C.Walter Scott.D.Charles Dickens.20.The Tower of London, a historical sight, locatedin the center of London, was built by ______.A.King HaroldB.Robin HoodC.Oliver CromwellD.William the Conqueror21.Which of the following can NOT be found in London?A.TeahousesB. GalleriesC. MuseumsD. Theatres22.When did Scotland join the Union by agreement ofthe English and Scottish parliament?A.In 1715B. in 1688C. In 1745D. in 170723.Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A.James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I24.By whom is a “Vote of no confidence” decided?A.The House of Commons C. the House of LordsB.The two major parties D. the Prime Minister25.Which of the following used to be the lastindependent car company in the UK?A.FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD. BMW26.In aerospace industry, which two countries areahead of Britain?A.The U. S and GermanyB.The U.S and RussiaC.Germany and RussiaD.France and Russia27.Which of the following books is written byGeoffrey Chaucer?A.The Canterbury TalesB. BeowulfC. The UlsterCycle D. Morte D’A rthur28.What flourished in Elizabethan age more than anyother form of literature?A.NovelB. EssayC. DramaD. Poetry29.Which of the following was the most famousScottish novelist?A.D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Jane AustenD. Walter Scott30.Where is the international tennis championshipsheld?A.WembleyB. WimbledonC. St. AndrewsD.Clapham31.Which one of the following has nothing to do withEaster?A.RabbitsB. haggisC. chicksD. eggs32.I n Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16A.Can legally receive partly free educationB.Can legally receive completely free educationC.Can not receive free education at allD.Can not receive free education if their parents are rich.33.The sharp increase in Australian population afterW.W. II was partly becauseA.A large postwar immigration programme was carried outB.The Aboriginal people and the Torres Strait Islanders werenot included in the census before WWIIC.More British convicts were transported to AustraliaD.Australian soldiers came back from the War34.T he largest state in terms of population in AustraliaisA.QueenslandB. New South WalesC. WesternAustralia D. Victoria35.TAFE is a form ofA.Primary educationB. secondary educationC.post-secondary education D. private education36._______ is the oldest newspaper Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The AustralianC.The MercuryD.The Australian Financial Review37.The first settlers of New Zealand were _____.A.Voyagers from East PolynesiaB.European navigatorsC.Sealers and whalersD.Christian missionaries38.The following were the main Reformation leadersexcept _____A.Martin Luther.B.Martin Luther King.C.John Calvin.D.The English King Henry VIII.39.The “American system” of mass production wasfirst used in _____A.Car industryB.Textile industryC.Firearms industryD.Agriculture40.The latest technology that farmers have adoptedis ______A.Artificial fertilizersB.PesticideC.Tractorsputers。