情态动词+have_done结构(过去推测结构)

情态动词+have_done结构
一、“must+have+done”
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。

1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is
wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。

二、“can't+have+done”
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。

1. Mr. Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him
in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。

2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone
home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。

三、“can+have+done”
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。

1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone
out?
屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they
have gone?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
四、“could+have+done”
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，译成“本来能够”做某事而没有做。

1. He could have passed the exam, but he was too
careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。

五、“may+have+done”
表示对过去发生的事情的推测，译成“可能已经”，用于肯定句中。

——What has happened to George?
——I don't know. He may have got lost.
——乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。

六、“might+have+done”
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。

译成“可能已经”，用于肯定句中。

1. He might have given you more help, even though
he was busy.
他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。

2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you
had given her more chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。

七、“would+have+done”
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会，，，”。

1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but
you didn't ask me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。

2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so
much.
没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。

八、“should+have+done”
对过去事情的埋怨，意思是本来应该做某事，而实际没做。

译成“本应该“
“shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。

含有指责的意思。

译成“本不该“
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been
finished yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。

2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh
on him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。

九、“ought to+have+done”
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“本应该……”，有遗憾的意思。

与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

1. I ought to have gone home last Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。

2. You ought not to have given him more help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。

十、“need+have+done”
表示过去本来需要做某事而没有做。

译成“本来需要，，，“
“needn‘t+have+done”表示本来不需要做某事而做了，译成“本不需要，，，“
1.I needn‘t have bought so much wine—only five
people came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。

2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case,
he wouldn't have missed the train.
他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

注意1：had+过去分词的特殊用法
一般来讲had后加上动词的过去分词，表示过去完成时，但有时had 后面连接一些表示主观意向的动词，如
hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等had 加上这些主观意向性动词的过去分词，构成过去完成时，表示本来想怎么样，但是未能实现。

翻译为"原本想......"
1. We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
我们本来希望你会来的，但你没有。

注意2：should have done与should have been done的区别？
两个都是虚拟。

should have done是主动，应该做而没做；should have been done是被动，应该被做而没被做。

1. You should have told me yesterday that you had
changed your mind.
你昨天应该告诉我你改变主意了。

（实际上没有告诉）
2. Your work should have been done before you went
home.
你的工作应该在你回家之前（被）做完。

（实际上没被做完）
3. I should have finished the homework.
我本该完成作业的。

4. The homework should have been finished (by me).
家庭作业该被完成的。

结束。