(完整版)非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形.docx
非谓语之动词不定式用法详解
动词不定式的用法二、动词不定式充当的句子成分不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
(一)、作主语:1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。
如:To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.2、不定式作主语时,常可以用it 作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语后置。
但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型:常用动名词作主语的句型有:It is/was +There is/was +更糟糕的)注意:There is no need for sb to do sth.2. 一般情况下,不定式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:To see is to believe.3. 当主语为不定式时,表语也用不定式来表示一致性。
如:To see is to believe.(二)、作宾语1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。
如:Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语:avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如:decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如:lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to,be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to,object to,get to/be used to(习惯于),prefer…to…, can't stand(忍不住),give up,insist on,keep(on),put off,be worth,be/keep busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),feel/look/seem like,set about,depend on,prevent sb. from,succeed in, thank you for, apologize for;有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,又可以接动名词作宾语,如:continue,begin,start,prefer,like,love,hate,forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,need, require, want 等。
高中英语语法 非谓语动词 全
非谓语动词非谓语动词。
在英语中,不能作句子谓语,而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态的不同形式动词不定式动名词分词主动to do doing doing(同时,主动)被动to be done being done done(被动,完成)进行主动to be doing进行被动being done进行,被动主动完成to havedone having done having done(主动,完成一般作状语)被动完成to havebeen done having beendonehaving beendone(被动,完成一般作状语)非谓语动词在句中的作用主语宾语表语补语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√一:分词(现在分词和过去分词,分别表示:主动,行进&被动,完成)1)作定语The girl standing by the window is my sister.=The girl who is standing by the window is my sister.This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.= This is a book which was written by a famous Chinese writer.2) 作状语(一般表示时间,原因,条件,伴随)有时可将从句中when/while /unless/if 等保留(While/When)Walking in the street ,I saw her.=While/When I was walking in the street ,I saw her.(表示时间)Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.=When our school is seen from the hill,it looks more beautiful.从小山上看,我们学校更美了。
非谓语动词非谓语形式(详细)
动词非谓语形式一.基本概念:顾名思义,不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词,有to do (动词不定式) / -ing (现在分词 / 动名词) / -ed (过去分词)三个形式。
由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制,故也称为"非限定动词"。
(学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词)二.非谓语动词的时态和语态意义:英语中动词有两大基本特征:时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词也是动词,当然也具备动词的这两大特征。
1. 时态概念:非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念,他与谓语动词时态的区别是:谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念,如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。
而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来",即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时",与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间(段)的称为"现在时",而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。
这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。
2. 语态概念:与谓语动词一样,非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。
也就是要记住四句话:(1) 表示将来时;(2) 表示现在时;(3) 表示过去时(一定是被动的)(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下,下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态:Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。
将来/ 主动)The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。
非谓语动词完整版
so…as to与such…as to的区别是:so 后一般接形容词或副词、可数名词 单数(so + adj.+ a/ an + n.)。 “such”后一般接可数名词复数、不 可数名词和可数名词单数形式 (such + a/an + adj. + n.)。
3. 不定式的三个结构:即否定结构、复 合 结 构 和 疑 问 结 构 。 否 定 结 构 为 “ not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词 “how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词 宾格)+ to do ”。 4. 不定式的三个时态形式和两个被动语 态形式(可记忆为三时两语)
The duty of a teacher is to teach
邮递员的职责就是送信和报纸。
注意
“be+to do sth.”表示按计划或安排要做
的事,或表示命令、要求或用来征求意见。
We are to meet at the school gate at six. 我们六点钟将在校门口见面。 3. 动词不定式作宾语 常用的动词有:agree,promise,afford,, agree to do sth
needed. 这个句子逻辑主语不一致,应
改为:To study a foreign language, one
needs practice. 学习外语需要操练。
9. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两
个外)例如:
A)You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。 B) I’m sorry to have given you a lot of trouble. 对不起,给你带来那么多麻烦。 C) He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。
(完整版)初中英语非谓语动词讲解
(完整版)初中英语⾮谓语动词讲解⾮谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解⾮谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词,分两种。
⼀是动词不定式。
⼆是动词ing形式。
1)作主语To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.[说明]动词不定式作主语时,往往⽤it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下⾯的句型:e.g. It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式表⽰的动作执⾏者,可以⽤for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2)作表语(表语⽤来说明主语的⾝份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词)之后。
)e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3)作宾语或者宾语补⾜语e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4)作定语:e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5)作状语:e.g. He stopped to have a look.[说明] 动词不定式的否定形式:not + to + 动词原形构成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连⽤:疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后⾯可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语。
e.g. (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is when to go there.3、省去了to 的动词不定式1)let, have, make+do2)感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解定义动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”,我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词,它只是一个符号,没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。
形式1. 不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语,表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语(不定式短语)放在谓语之后。
例如:例2可变为It is important to obey the laws.例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有:句型一:*It is easy (difficult , hard, important , right , wrong, possible, impossible, necessary , unnecessary, foolish , wise, kind , cruel , nice…) to do …句型二:It is a pleasure (pity , pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes (sb 。
) some time to do sth 。
花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。
来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ,主要从以下两个方面来区别: 1两者所使用的形容词不同a.for sb 。
的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。
如easy, difficult, hard , important, possible, impossible , necessary , unnecessary, interesting 等。
·It is important for us to express our opinions 。
(完整版)非谓语动词考点总结归纳
Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握 .)
考点三:非谓语动词作表语 不定式、动名词、分词做表语:
1. 不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如
: be, seem, remain,
appear 等后面 , 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词,如:
We met many guests ,most of them Americans.( 补充说明 )
非谓语动词考点总结归纳
非谓语动词包括 不定式,动名词和分词 。它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是 高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:
①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知o melt.
2) 当 begin 和 start 用于进行时时 .
eg: He is beginning to study English.
3) 当 begin 和 start 后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时 . eg: I began to believe his story.
2.分词 解题诀窍:找逻辑主语,辨逻辑关系,析动作先后
语法作用:
1)表示时间,相当于表示时间,相当于状语从句
when, while 。常用于连词 When, before, while, after,
since 等后面。也可以省略连词
eg. When allowed, we are supposed to come into the room.
动词的被动语态和非谓语动词精编版
动词的被动语态和非谓语动词复习要点阐述今天我们复习动词的语态和非谓语动词,我们主要复习如下的内容:一.动词的被动语态。
二.动词不定式。
三.动名词。
四.分词。
一.动词的被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动词的执行者。
在初中阶段我们所学的句子绝大部分都是主动语态。
今天我们主要复习被动语态,被动语态表示主语不是动作的执行者,而是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
(一)被动语态的构成1.被动语态的基本结构:be+动词过去分词2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)(二)被动语态的用法被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.More trees must be planted every year.每年必须有更多的树被种植。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。
4.动作的发出者不是人时。
e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
(三)主动语态和被动语态的转换1.主动语态变被动语态:(1)要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变主格。
(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格变宾格,并由by引导。
(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
e.g.We ask ed him to sing an English song.我们让他唱一首英语歌。
He was asked to sing an English song by us.他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。
非谓语动词用法详细讲解
⾮谓语动词⽤法详细讲解⾮谓语动词⽤法详解动词的⾮谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(⼀)不定式不定式由“to⼗动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do ” ?不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有⼈称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化?不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语?不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for⼗名词或代词宾格”构成.1 ?不定式的⽤法:1)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,⽤it作形式主语?例如:To see is to believe .It is right to give up smok ing2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补⾜语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补⾜语之后,⽽⽤it作形式宾语.例如:He wan ted to go .I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补⾜语.例如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意 :在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补⾜语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句⼦如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I ofte n hear him sing the songHe is ofte n heard to sing the song注意:不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后⾯时,如果这些介词之前有⾏为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.⼥⼝:She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go .动词help之后,带to或不带to都可以。
非谓语动词---不定式的用法
不定式作非谓语动词一、不定式的定义及构成:不定式是一种非限定性动词,即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。
肯定形式:to + 动词原形否定形式:not to + 动词原形被动形式:to be + done(动词过去分词)期中to为不定式符号,本身无意义。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序,主动、被动形式。
具体形式如下表1) 不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。
We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。
I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。
2)动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。
3)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I’m so sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉,给你添了那么多的麻烦。
4)动词不定式的被动形式○1动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。
The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。
○2不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。
三、不定式的用法1)作主语动词不定式作主语,相当于名词或代词的作用To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。
★动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替,然后不定式置于句尾。
上面的句子可改写为It is very hard to learn an art well.2) 作宾语动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语I really want to watch the football match.He has no idea of how to answer this question.3) 作宾语补足语○1后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。
被动语态 非谓语动词
被动语态:(1)被动语态定义:被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。
主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。
在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。
具体结构见下表:[注]p.p.表示过去分词。
(1)被动语态的用法:①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。
如:It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态:主动句:主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他+ 状语(动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)被动句:主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人/物+ 其他+ 状语(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)(3)注意点:①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)
在英语中,不做句子谓语,而具有谓语外其他语法功能的动词中,叫“非谓语动词”非谓语动词包括:动词不定式(the Infinitive)动名词(the Gerund)现在分词(the Present Participle)过去分词(the Past Participle)Ⅰ。
动词不定式:动词不定式有两种,带“to”和不带“to(动词原型)”,有人称之为“光秃不定式”,在大多数情况下不定式都带to,动词不定式由“to+动词原型”,这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义,不定式具有名词,形容词,或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态。
一:1。
不定式做主语:eg : To over come the problem is very difficult不定式做主语,往往用it做形式主语,真正的主语不定式放置句子后面:eg : It‟s so nice to hear your voice.但是,用不定式做主语的句子中还有一个不定式做表语时,不能用it‟s…to…的句型eg : To teach is to learn.比较“it‟s for sb和it‟s of sb1)for sb句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如”easy, hard, difficult, impossible”等2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如”good, kind, nice, clever, foolish”等3)用介词for或者of后面的逻辑主语做句子的主格,用介词前边的形容词做表语,造这个句子,如果通顺用of,不通则用for2.不定式做表语:不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语eg : My dream is to be a teacher.3.不定式做宾语1)有些及物动词用不定式做宾语,结构为“动词+不定式”P2892)有些动词除了可以用不定式做宾语,还用些不定式做补语,即“动词+宾语+不定式”结构eg : I like to keep everything tidy.I like you to keep everything tidy.3)有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词+疑问词+不定式”的结构:eg : I want to know how to solve the problem.4)如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用“ it ”做形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语4.不定式做补语1)有些动词+宾语+不定式P291eg : Father will not allow us to play on the street.2)有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去eg : We believe him (to be) quilty (adj.)我们相信他是有罪的We know him to be fool. (n.) (to be不能省)3)有些动词可以跟”there + to be的结构eg : We didn‟t expect there to be so many people.You wouldn‟t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧?5.不定式做定语不定式做宾语,通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。
动词不定式做非谓语动词(修改版)
动词不定式做非谓语动词
动词不定式:动词不定式由"to+ 动词原形"构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带 有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard, to play table tennis. 1、动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。 语态 主动 一般时 to build 完成时 to have built to have been build 进行时 to be building 完成进行时 to have been building
动词不定式被动语态被动语态
被动语态(Ⅰ):动词不定式的被动式不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般使用被动式。
一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done to them.对他们似乎并没有造成损害。
[考题印证]1①(山东高考改编)George returned after the war, only (tell) that his wife had left him.②(湖南高考改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs(do) to achieve the final success.二、动词不定式被动式的用法1.作主语It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer.能被选上做志愿者,真是一件荣幸的事情。
2.作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。
3.作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
4.作宾语补足语He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。
5.作定语He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
6.作状语His mother left the small village, never to be seen again.他母亲离开了那个小村庄,再也没人见过她。
(完整版)非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done(以the book , publish 为例)一般现在/过去时:The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时:The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词:The book can/could/may/might…be published.1)一般式:(not/never )to be done2)完成式:(not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能:1.作主语:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作宾语:She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.构成复合宾语:He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4.构成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6.作状语:She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done(表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语))He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语)The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。
非谓语动词--动词不定式
←非谓语动词------动词不定式(1)在英语中,不能做句子谓语,而是担任其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词,非谓语动词有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词(含现在分词和过去分词)。
另外,动名词和现在分词统称为“ing形式”。
←动词不定式←1.定义:动词不定式与动词-ing,过去分词一样,是动词的非谓语形式。
他与动词原形同形,但它的前面一般要带有一个不定式的符号“to”,动词不定式存在不带to的情况。
← 2.不定式的形式:动词不定式有主动、被动两种语态,也有一般式、进行式、完成式等时态:←另外,请注意不定式与原形和现在式的区别(以be, have, go为例):← 3. 不定式的时态:不定式虽没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序,即不定式仍有自己的时态。
不定式的时态包括一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
←1)不定式的一般式:←表示的动作或状态通常发生在主句谓语动作之后或与主句谓语动作同时发生。
←我们想天黑前到家,但结果没有像计划那样。
←We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite turned out as planned.←(to get home发生在want之后)←他已经决定要给她一些钱。
He has decided to give her some money.←看电影时,我听见坐在我后面的那对夫妇一直在小声说话。
←I heard the couple behind me whisper all the time while seeing the film. (whisper与here同时发生)←2)动词不定式的进行式:表示正在进行,与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
←当我路过的时候,怀特先生和他的妻子碰巧正在吵架。
←Mr. White and his wife happened to be quarreling when I passed by.←当妈妈打开门时,这个女孩假装正在学习。
(完整版)高中非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前不定式一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
动词不定式的被动语态
动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done以 the book , publish 为例:一般现在/过去时: The book_______________________________。
一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.The book __________________________________.现在/过去进行时:The book ___________________________________.现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.情态动词: The book _____________________________________。
二:动词不定式的被动语态1。
动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式:1)一般式(not/never )to be done2)完成式 (not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)2。
动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语(常用it做形式主语)To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous。
(或者:____________________________________________________)被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________2)做表语The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验._________________________________________________________________3)做宾语She didn’t like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father。
被动语态 非谓语动词
被动语态:(1)被动语态定义:被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。
主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别,而是主语与谓语意义上的区别。
在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
(2)英语中被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。
被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。
具体结构见下表:[注]p.p.表示过去分词。
(1)被动语态的用法:①不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路)③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。
如:It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2)主动语态如何改写为被动语态:主动句:主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他+ 状语(动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)被动句:主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人/物+ 其他+ 状语(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)(3)注意点:①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
动词不定式的被动语态
动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done以 the book , publish 为例:一般现在/过去时: The book_______________________________.一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.The book __________________________________.现在/过去进行时:The book ___________________________________.现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.情态动词: The book _____________________________________.二:动词不定式的被动语态1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式:1)一般式(not/never )to be done2)完成式 (not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语(常用it做形式主语)To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.(或者:____________________________________________________)被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________ 2)做表语The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
_________________________________________________________________ 3)做宾语She didn’t like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
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非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被的基本构: be+ done(以 the book , publish例)一般在 /去:The book is/ was published .一般 /去将来 :The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.在 /去行:The book is/was being published .在 /去完成 :The book has/had been published .情:The book can/could/may/might⋯be published .二、不定式的被动式的基础知识:主被一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done行式to be doing没有被完成行式to have been doing没有被1)一般式:( not/never ) to be done2)完成式:( not/ never) to have been done (表示不定式作生在之前)三、▲通常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换 .如 :They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式 (to be done).法功能:1.作主:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作:She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.构成复合:4.构成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6.作状语:She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done(表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( 宾语 ))He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语)The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1. There be结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。
(多用主动形式 )例如:There is a lot of work to do / to be done .There is no time to lose /to be lost .译:没有什么可担心的。
________________________________There is nothing to worry about.注意以下两点:(1) 如果不定式结构加了"for sb ."表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us 与 discuss 主谓关系,用主动to discuss)There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.(the book 与 publish 是动宾关系,用被动to be published)(2) 某些动词 (do, see)的不定式特殊用法时,两种形式所表示的意思不同。
比较:There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)2.在“主语 + be+ adj+ to do ”句型中:常见的 adj 有 hard ,amusing ,interesting , cheap,difficult ,dangerous , easy, nice, important , pleasant.etc.That question is difficult to answer.He is an impossible person to work with .但若要强调句中的受事者,也可用不定式的被动式:The handwriting is difficult to be read.★ 注意:如果动词为不及物动词,则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.分析: _________( 动 )----________( 宾))译:这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________The armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out3.当上述第 2 中形容在句中作足,后接不定式:I found him easy to get along with.They don ’ t think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand.4.在“ too — to do; enough⋯to构⋯”中。
如:The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out).The house is big enough to live in. (不及物要出相的介)但若要句中的受事者,也可用被式:This box is too heavy to be lifted.5.在“ with+n+to do ”构中。
(和主是主关系)例如: With nothing to do , he lay in bed .With so many exercises to do , I can‘ t go to the cinema.6.当不定式的主在句中出。
例如: I have a meeting to attend.。
(to attend 与 I 有主关系,即I 是主 )Give him some books to read. (to read 与 him 有主关系,即him 是主 )如果不属于上述情况,表示被意仍需要用被形式。
比下面两句:1.Have you anything to do this afternoon?2.Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?(to take 与 you 没有主关系 , 即 you 不是主):填写括号中的适当形式1.I have a meeting ______ (attend) today.2.He gave me some books _______(read).3.I ’ m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __________(take) to your parents?7.一些作表用的不定式的主形式。
常的有let( 出租 ),rent, hire, blame 等。
例如: The house is to rent.Nobody was to blame for the accident.但是,具有比意,仍用被形式。
例如:The room is to be rented, not to be sold. 。
She is to be praised, not to be blamed.Exercise1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2.I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3.Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4.Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking5.With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled6.He___ and was made to repeat it.A. didn’ t understandB. didn’ t be understoodC. wasn ’ t understandD. wasn ’ t understood7.The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A. kept busy doingB. keep on doingC. have kept busy doingD. have been kept busy doing语法检测一.根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。