(完整版)非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形.docx

非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

一、复习各种时态的被动语态

★被的基本构: be+ done

（以 the book , publish例）

一般在 /去：

The book is/ was published .

一般 /去将来 :

The book will/would be published.

The book is/was going to be published.

在 /去行：

The book is/was being published .

在 /去完成 :

The book has/had been published .

情：

The book can/could/may/might⋯be published .

二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：

主被

一般式to do to be done

完成式to have done to have been done

行式to be doing没有被

完成行式to have been doing没有被

1）一般式：（ not/never ） to be done

2）完成式：（ not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式作生在之前）

三、▲通常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换 .如 :

They say that Mike is sick in bed.

=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.

=Mike is said to be sick in bed.

据麦克卧床不起.

People believe that he was killed.

=It is believed that he was killed.

=He is believed to have been killed.

大家相信他被了.

四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式 (to be done).

法功能：

1．作主：

It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

2．作：

She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.

3．构成复合：

4．构成复合谓语：

The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .

5．作定语：

Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?

6．作状语：

She was too young to be assigned such work.

五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. （主语）

She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( 宾语 )）

He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）

The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）

She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）

六、不定式的主动形式表示被动

1． There be结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。(多用主动形式 )

例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done .

There is no time to lose /to be lost .

译：没有什么可担心的。

________________________________

There is nothing to worry about.

注意以下两点：

(1) 如果不定式结构加了"for sb ."表示的逻辑主语时

There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us 与 discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)

There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.

(the book 与 publish 是动宾关系，用被动to be published)

(2) 某些动词 (do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较：

There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)

There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)

There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)

There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)

2．在“主语 + be+ adj+ to do ”句型中：常见的 adj 有 hard ，amusing ，interesting ， cheap，difficult ，dangerous ， easy， nice， important ， pleasant.etc.

That question is difficult to answer.

He is an impossible person to work with ．

但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：

The handwriting is difficult to be read.

★ 注意：

如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。

John is difficult to deal with.

分析： _________( 动 )----________( 宾)）

译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。

___________________________________

这题目很难算出来。

______________________________________

The armchair is comfortable to sit in