2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注

Subjunctive mood

(P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句

14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017

A. past event for exact time reference

B. present event for tentativeness

C. present event for uncertainty

D. past event for politeness

V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker.

A: Did you want me?

B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help .

Want, wonder, think, hope

The other is what we call the hypothetical past.The simple past refers not to a fact but to a non-fact, and is typically found in that-clauses following such constructions as

It‟s time….

I wish

I‟d rather

Suppose

As if

15. “If I were you, I wouldn‟t wait to propose to her.” The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ____D______.183

A. alleviate hostility

B. express unfavorable feelings

C. indicate uncertainty

D. make a suggestion

Were-subjunctive has only on form were, which applies to subjects of all persons, is hypothetical or unreal in meaning

If, if only, as if, as though, though,

Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine,

As it were( so to speak)宛如，好比

54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. P 186 2007

A.had received

B.received

C.should receive

D.were receiving

正确答案为A). If only引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!”. 与现在的事实相反的则if only后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时had done. 这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时. 句意: 如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.

51.If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you! 2006 P 186 P192

A would

B could

C should

D might

52. 正确答案为B). could表示能够,是一种一般能力. 表示具体能力用be able to . p. 192 If only引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!”. 句意: 要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!

3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can. （2005年51题）2015

A. would be

B. will have been

C. was

D. were

15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to advise you much better than I can. (2015)(395/381)2005

A. will be

B. was