新托福独立写作必背话题词汇
【必备资料】托福独立写作分类词汇-食物类
【必备资料】托福独立写作分类词汇-食物类想要取得托福写作高分，积累一定量的托福写作词汇非常必要。
通过托福写作分类词汇的学习，托福作文提分更轻松!以下就为大家带来的托福写作分分类词汇合集中。
希望对大家托福写作备考有所帮助。
托福写作分类词汇：食物类Food味道好的 adj. tasty风味 n. flavor香味儿 n. aroma超级好吃的 adj. scrumptious美味食品 n. delicacy地道的，正宗的 adj. authentic多样性 n. variety有机的 adj. organic摄入量 n. intake……的摄入过多excessive intake of …肥胖症 obesity冠心病 coronary heart disease (CHD)油腻的 adj. greasy食品卫生 food hygiene奶制品 dairy products缺乏运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle 很不健康的外卖或者速冻食品 TV dinner 糖尿病 n. diabetes心血管疾病 cardiovascular disease营养不良的 adj. malnourished无法治愈的病 incurable disease治疗 n. treatment治疗 n. therapy营养成分构成表 nutrition fact有营养的 adj. nutritious/ nourishing 素食主义者 n. vegetarian冷冻食品 frozen food罐装食品 canned food让人发胖的 adj. fattening控制饮食 watch your diet食品，小物品 n. groceries低热量的 adj. low-calorie低脂肪的 adj. low-fat低胆固醇的 adj. low-cholesterol以不破坏健康的速度去减肥 lose weight at a healthy pace 钙 n. calcium高纤维 n. high in fiber发胖 gain weight超重的 adj. overweight慢性病 chronic diseases(疾病的)症状 n. symptoms虚弱的 adj. feeble对于某种饮食或者物品上瘾的人 n. junkie菜系 n. cuisine某种菜的制作方法 recipe饿得不行了的 adj. starving保持健康 keep fit精力充沛的 adj. invigorated原料 n. ingredient饮料 n. beverage有益健康的 adj. wholesome/ healthy 均衡的饮食 balanced diet饮食习惯 dietary habits主食;主要的 n.&adj. staple厨具 cooking utensils餐具 eating utensils西式餐具 n. silverware过敏 n. allergy碳水化合物 n. carbohydrate蛋白质 n. protein维生素 n. vitamin矿物质 n. mineral微量元素 trace elements对……提供补充 vt. supplement。
托福写作必备词汇和短语
托福写作必备词汇和短语1.表示“认为、主张、相信”等意思的词汇believe, argue, assert, maintain, hold, propose, suggest, recommend等。
2.表示“反对、不支持”等意思的词汇oppose, disagree, disapprove, criticize, voice opposition to等。
3.表示“介绍、描述”等意思的词汇describe, explain, delve into, illustrate, shed light on等。
4.表示“评论、评价”等意思的词汇assess, evaluate, rate, critique, appraise等。
5.表示“提出建议、要求”等意思的词汇suggestion, proposal, recommendation, advice, demand等。
6.表示“重要、必要性”等意思的词汇essential, crucial, significant, important, crucial等。
7.表示“问题、问题所在”等意思的词汇1issue, problem, question, difficulty, challenge等。
8.表示“优点、好处”等意思的词汇benefit, advantage, positive aspect, upside等。
9.表示“缺点、不利之处”等意思的词汇drawback, disadvantage, downside等。
10.表示“举例”等意思的词汇for example, for instance, such as等。
11.表示“总结”等意思的词汇summary, conclusion, bottom line等。
12.表示“改变、变化”等意思的词汇change, transformation, shift等。
当然，除了上述所列举的词汇和短语外，还有许多其他的常用词汇和短语，考生可以根据自己的实际情况进行总结和积累。
新托福综合写作8大高频话题词汇
新托福综合写作8 大高频话题词汇Microcredit( 小额贷款)1) Eliminate/get rid of/take away poverty 消除贫困2) Practice 做法3) Skeptical 怀疑的4) Provide sb. with small loans 给某人提供小额贷款5) Return the loans 偿还贷款6) Disparity 差异Reduce the disparity between the rich and the poor 减少贫富差别folic acid( 叶酸)1) Ingredient 原料Ingredients for onion soup 做洋葱汤的原料2) Detrimental 有害的3) Do harm to 对…有害Did the storm do any harm to the corn? 这次风暴对谷物有害吗?4) Maintain the health 保持健康5) Block 防碍Block sb 's promotions 防碍某人的提升6) Vulnerable 易受伤害的In case of food poisoning, young children are especially vulnerable.遇到食物中毒，幼儿尤其容易受危害。
7) Feasible 可行的A feasible plan 可行的计划Iron fertilization( 铁肥)1) Plankton 浮游生物the very small forms of plant and animal life that livein water2) Lethal 致命的A lethal injury 致死的损伤3) Think outside the box 创造性思维4) Employ a strategy 采用一种策略5) On top of=in addition toHe gets commission on top of his salary. 除了工资他还拿佣金。
新托福写作的1180个必备单词
Education作业（注意它是可数名词，与homework不同）n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent；青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教学法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生分开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科（通称）；纪律n. discipline管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation≈involvement干扰n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获取vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟练掌握……be proficient in榜样role model同龄人n. peer对孩子或者其他弱者过度保护adj. overprotective动力n. motivation沮丧n. frustration家长给小孩的教育n. parenting用批判的眼光去看问题的能力critical thinking abilities （某方面的）意识n. awareness (of)有创造力的adj. creative / original对……非常熟悉adj. well-acquainted (with)表现出色perform well为……打好基础lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊严n. dignity评估n. evaluation对……非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉迷于……indulge in…发人深思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate学龄前儿童或者上学前班的儿童n. preschooler对文字技能的掌握n. literacy对数学知识的掌握n. numeracy误入歧途go astray给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺负（当名词是“喜欢欺负人的孩子”的意思）vt.& n. bully 逃学n. truancy很有启发的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promotethestudent’sphysical/mental(orintellectual)andemotionaldevelopment心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students to do sth.传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students学生不应该只是被动接受知识的容器。
托福综合写作话题词汇
托福综合写作话题词汇1. 观点 (Opinion)2. 讨论 (Discussion)3. 问题 (Issue)4. 研究 (Research)5. 调查 (Survey)6. 实践 (Practice)7. 理论 (Theory)8. 现象 (Phenomenon)9. 方法 (Method)10. 结论 (Conclusion)11. 规则 (Rule)12. 解决方案 (Solution)13. 影响 (Impact)14. 原因 (Reason)15. 优点 (Advantage)16. 缺点 (Disadvantage)17. 主题 (Theme)18. 趋势 (Trend)19. 社会问题 (Social issue)20. 科技发展 (Technological development)21. 经济增长 (Economic growth)22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences)23. 教育问题 (Educational issues)24. 健康问题 (Health issues)25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion)27. 全球化 (Globalization)28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry)29. 政府政策 (Government policies)30. 社交媒体 (Social media)31. 女性权益 (Women's rights)32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries)33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage)34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems)35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning)36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues)37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis)38. 食品安全 (Food safety)39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity)40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)。
新托福独立写作必背话题词汇
可信的 adj. reliable/ trustworthy
道德准则 code of conduct
无处不在的 adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent
处在公众注意力的焦点 in the spotlight
传闻 n. gossip
四、Success 成功
决心 n. determination 座右铭 n. motto
of all proportions
公正客观的 objective and balanced
揭露 v. expose/ reveal
侵犯隐私 violate someone’s privacy
毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish one’s reputation
掩盖 v. cover up/ gloss over
过 多 的 暴 力 与 色 情 内 容 excessive violent
and pornographic contents
有误导性的 adj. misleading/ distorted
报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. in detail
夸大事件 exaggerate things/ blow things out
名望 n. fame
不幸 n. misfortune
残疾的 adj. disabled 对手 n. rival
在某方面成功 succeed in sth.
态度 n. attitude 毅力 n. perseverance
逆境 n. adversity/ hardship
决定性的，有决断力的 adj. decisive
完 全 与 世 隔 绝 entirely cut off from the
托福综合写作必备词汇
[rəʊm]
罗马
87. clay
[kleɪ]
n. 粘土；泥土
42. Roman Empire
罗马帝国
88. jar
[dʒɑːr]
n. 罐；广口瓶
43. navy
[ˈneɪvi]
n. 海军
89. ritual
[ˈrɪtʃuəl]
n. 仪式；惯例
44 resemble
[rɪˈzembl] v. 类似，像
26. circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn] n. 传播，流传 72. parabola [pəˈræ bələ] n. 抛物线
27. documentation
[ˌdɑːkjumenˈteɪʃn] n.证明文件,文件记载
73. flame
fleɪm]
n. 火焰；热情
28. memoir
[niːʃ,nɪtʃ]
n. 壁龛,环境
[ɪ'læ bərət] adj.精心制作的 v.详细描述 150 airborne
[ˈerbɔːrn]
adj. 空运的,空气传播的
[ˈskʌlptʃər] n. /v.雕塑；雕刻 151 lineage
[ˈlɪniɪdʒ]
n. 血统
[bʌst]
n.半身像
152 infect
143 arthropod [ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd] adj./n.节肢动物(的)
[skrɪpt]
n. 脚本；手迹 144 reptile
[ˈreptaɪl]
adj./n. 爬行动物(的)
[tɑːr] [pɪt]
沥青坑
145 amphibian [æmˈfɪbiən] adj./n.两栖动物(的)
六十个托福写作高频词汇
六十个托福写作高频词汇六十个托福写作高频词汇很多同学一提到写作就头疼，因为他们没有掌握到写作的基本方法是从词汇开始，下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的六十个托福写作高频词汇，希望能给同学们带来帮助!十个托福写作高频词汇篇11、Challenge（1）Challenge sb to do sth .向…挑战，邀请…比赛They challenge us to a swimming contest.（2）to give （accept） a challenge （接受）挑战2、Share（1）Share 部分，分Everybody ought to have his proper share.（2）Share 参与、贡献I had no share in the mater.（3）Share （with,between）分配，共有They shared the profits between them.I will share with you in the undertaking.3、Instead（1）instead 代替If you cannot go,let him go instead.（2）instead of 代替I will go instead of you.4、Manage（1）manage to do 完成，达成We finally managed to get there in time.（2）manage with 办事，处现事务We can''t manage with these poor tools.（3）manage on 生活，过活How will she manage with her husband gone. 5、Afford（1）afford to do 足以承担I cannot afford to pay such a high price.（2）afford 产生Reading affords pleasure.6、Rather（1）would rather do 宁愿He said he would rather stay at home.（2）rather than 宁愿I had rather dance than eat.7、Ever（1）ever 曾经Have you ever been there?（2）ever 究竟Why ever didn''t you go.（3）ever 如果If the band（乐队）ever plays again,we will dance. （4）ever so=veryThank you ever so much.8、Available（1） available 通用的，有效的The season ticket is available for three months. （2）available 可用的，可达到的9、Else（1）else 此外，别的Where else did you go?（2）else 否则，不然Hurry,else you''ll be late.10、Involve（1）involve 包括Housekeeping involves cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.（2）involve 使陷于One foolish mistake can involve you in a good deal of trouble.（3）involve 使纠缠，使难得A sentence that is involved is hard to understand.（4）involve 包围Clouds involved the hilltop.十个托福写作高频词汇篇21. concept ['knsept] n.概念2. conclude [kn'klu:d] v.结束;下结论3. concurrent [kn'krnt] a.同时发生的;并存的4. conduct ['kndkt, kn'dkt] n.行为 v.实施;指挥;导电5. confer [kn'f:] v.授予;协商6. confine [kn'fain, 'knfain] v.限制;禁闭7. confirm [kn'f:m] v.证实8. conflict [kn'flikt, 'knflikt] n.冲突 v.冲突9. conform [kn'f:m] v.遵守;符合10. consent [kn'sent] n.&v.同意十个托福写作高频词汇篇31. consequent ['knsi,kwnt] a.作为结果的2. considerable [kn'sidrbl] a.相当的3. consist [kn'sist] v.由…组成4. constant ['knstnt] a.不断的.5. constitute ['knstitju:t] v.构成6. constrain [kn'strein] v.限制;强制7. construct [kn'strkt] v.建造8. consult [kn'slt, 'knslt] v.商量;咨询;查阅9. consume [kn'sju:m] v.消耗;消费10. contact ['kntkt, kn'tkt] v.&n.接触;联系十个托福写作高频词汇篇41. contemporary [kn'temprri] a.当代的 n.同代人2. context ['kntekst] n.上下文;背景3. contract ['kntrkt, kn'trkt] n.合同 v.收缩4. contradict [,kntr'dikt] v.反驳;与…矛盾5. contrary ['kntrri] a.&n.相反6. contrast [kn'trɑ:st, -'trst, 'kntrɑ:st, -trst] n.对比 v.形成对比7. contribute [kn'tribju:t] v.捐献;贡献;投稿8. controversy ['kntr,v:si] n.争论9. convene [kn'vi:n] v.召集10. converse [kn'v:s] a.相反的十个托福写作高频词汇篇51. convert [kn'v:t] v.转化2. convince [kn'vins] v.使确信3. cooperate [ku'preit] v.合作4. coordinate [ku':dinit, ku':dineit] a.同等的 v.使协调5. core [k:] n.核心6. corporate ['k:prit] a.公司的7. correspond [,k:ri'spnd] v.通信;符合;对应8. couple ['kpl] n.两个;夫妇9. create [kri'eit] v.创造;引起10. credit ['kredit] n.信用;学分;功劳十个托福写作高频词汇篇61. criterion [krai'tirin] n.标准2. crucial ['kru:l] a.决定性的3. culture ['klt] n.文化;修养4. currency ['krnsi] n.货币5. cycle ['saikl] n.循环;周期6. data ['deit] n.[复]数据7. debate [di'beit] n.&v.辩论8. decade ['dekeid] n.十年9. decline [di'klain] v.谢绝;下倾;衰退 n.衰退10. deduce [di'dju:s] v.演绎。
托福写作必备词汇
托福写作必备词汇1.解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3.给予：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascendto，jump to，shoot to18.降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19.保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.发生：Happen, occur, take place24.原因：Reason, factor, cause25.发展：Development, advance, progress26.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.影响：Influence, impact, effect28.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.。
托福独立写作常见高分词汇
托福独立写作常见高分词汇2016托福独立写作常见高分词汇词汇，在托福写作考试中最要作用可想而知!以下店铺为大家整理了关于托福写作的高分单词。
effective 有效的、实际的Taking part in competitive sports events is an effective method of becoming a well-balanced person.enhanced 加强的、提高的It has been essential for everyone to combine his/her efforts for an enhanced standard of living.essential 必须的、必要的There is no denying that one essential condition in achieving personal happiness is to make others happy.excessive 过量的、多余的In recent years, the policy of “reducing the students’ load” has been implemented by the Chinese government, with the purpose of freeing children from excessive school pressure.extensive 广泛的、大量的Everyone has his/her own field of expertise, and therefore if scholars are talking about their professions, they are bound to have extensive knowledge on the subject.far-reaching 深远的、意义重大的No matter whether the business finally succeeds or not, such experience will bring about far-reaching benefits to a p erson’s life.fast-paced 快速的、快节奏的The fast-paced living style has reduced the frequency with which people have a face-to-face conversation.fatal 致命的、严重的There have been many news reports about nuclear power stations polluting water and air as well as causing a large amount of fatal illness.favorable 有利的、赞许的Assessing the land potential and searching for alternatives for land use are favorable options for the government.fierce 激烈的、剧烈的When young people join in the fierce competition of the job market, making a careful decision is meaningful to their professional life.formidable 巨大的、艰难的It is difficult for people to visualize the formidable pains that athletes have endured in their daily training.fruitful 有成效的、有益的Covering diversified areas of knowledge and mastering extensive skills will benefit those who dream of a fruitful future.fundamental 根本的、基础的The fundamental qualities, such as being obedient, grateful, and responsible, have been well preserved and passed down through the years.heatedly-discussed 激烈讨论的、热点的A heatedly-discussed proposal has been brought to attention recently regarding the feasibility of paying teachers according to how well their students perform.highly-competitive 竞争激烈的The highly-competitive job market and overwhelming life pressure urges many college graduates to give up their passion and choose to work in another field.increasing 越来越多的、渐增的With the increasing popularity of different poker gamesamong adults, we could easily sense their effectiveness in helping people relax.immense 巨大的、无限的The emotional gratification most people receive from their pets is immense.imperative 必要的、至关重要的A good leader is imperative to one’s successful career.indispensable 必要的、不可或缺的The advertising industry has established itself as an indispensable power that values commercial prosperity.inescapable 不可避免的、责无旁贷的It is the inescapable responsibility of the government to raise funds and offer financial assistance to the poor.inevitable 必然的.、不可避免的It is inevitable that each individual will have his/her own perspective and points of view; however, people with different views could also succeed as a team.innumerable 大量的、无数的Citizens have the opportunity to educate themselves with innumerable new sources at their disposal.invaluable 宝贵的、无价的The inner peace and balance that I enjoy from the company with my family members are invaluable to me.keen 敏锐的、渴望的Allowing students to make personal comments on a certain topic trains them to think with keen observation and objective insight.main/major 主要的、重要的A series of complicated social elements are the main/major obstacles that force job hunters or employees to give up the idealof a life-long position.multifaceted 多样的、多面的Experts are talented individuals who have assimilated multifaceted knowledge from many areas, and are able to apply it with ease.preferable 更好的、更可取的Learning in a regular classroom is greatly preferable to learning in a virtual classroom.primary 主要的、首要的The primary purpose of most games is to make people feel happy and relaxed.proficient 熟练的、精通的I am more proficient in using machines than I am doing the same work by hand, and machines are faster and more efficient.profound 深远的、重要的Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economic, and cultural arenas of a nation.remarkable 重要的、引人注目的The concepts and ideas, created by wise men in ancient times, have remarkable impacts on one’s character-shaping and problem-solving.significant 重大的、有效的Learning a new language shows a significant increase in an i ndividual’s memory capacity.slim 微小的、极少的With the improvement of multilateral relations among different nations, the chances of another world war have become slimmer than ever.unprecedented 空前的、无前例的Most working class faces unprecedented workplacechallenges and competition.unremitting 不懈的、持续的All social units ought to make unremitting efforts to create a suitable atmosphere for working and learning.vital 重要的、致命的In such a fiercely competitive society, making the right decision for the future is of vital importance to each individual’s success.以上就是每日托福为你带来的托福独立写作常见高分单词汇总，希望对大家有所帮助!。
新托福写作必备100个词汇
新托福写作必备100个词汇新托福写作必备100个词汇1. 持某观点: claim (contend reckon share the belief that )2. 支持某观点: advocate (maintain vote for side with be in favorof )3. 反对某观点: contradict (criticize be against cast doubts on )4. 合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis)5. 好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive side)6. 弊端：disadvantage( defect, demerit, negative side)7. 肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denyingthat)8. 不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)9. 重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable)10. 有益的：beneficial （conducive instrumental ）11. 有害的：detrimental （harmful virulent）12. 有争议的：controversial (disputable, contentious)13. 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal)14 显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially)15. 明显的：evident (apparent, manifest)16. 增强：enhance (strengthen intensify)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势： trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见： predict （expect, project）21. 带来 bring about (result in, lead to)22. 引起 create （spark, yield, give rise to）23. 建立 establish （found, institute）24. 要求 call for （request，demand）25. 去除 eliminate（remove, eradicate）26. 探讨 explore (examine, identify)27. 描绘 depict (portray, illustrate)28. 后果 consequence( aftermath; outcome)29. 足够 adequate（enough; sufficient）30. 解决 tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识 awareness(consciousness)32. 控制 curb ( regulate, censor)33. 解释：account for（be responsible for）34. 投资 finance (invest in, subsidize)35. 缓解 relieve ( ease, alleviate)36. 压力 stress ( pressure, strain)37. 和谐 harmony ( concordance)38. 继承 inherit (hand down)39. 培养 cultivate（train, foster）40. 促进 promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41. 适应 adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42. 提供 provide (render, afford)43. 替代 replace (substitute, take the place of)44. 保护 preserve (protect)45. 证据 evidence (proof)46. 赢得 gain (acquire, attain)47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48. 灾难 disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49. 发展 advance (progress)50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51. 吸引 attract (allure, tempt)52. 专注的 be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to)53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54. 实现 achieve (fulfill, implement)55. 危害 endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56. 损害 undermine (impair, damage)57. 阻碍 hinder (obstruct, impede)58. 禁止 forbid (ban, prohibit)59. 责备 blame( denounce, criticize)60. 污染 pollute (contaminate, stain)61. 腐蚀 erode(wear away, corrode)62. 欺骗 deceive (cheat, defraud)63. 冲突 conflict ( shock, tension)64. 驱使 prompt (spur, incite)65.贪婪的 acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic)66. 自私的 self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)67. 体谅的 considerate (understanding, sympathetic)68. 冷漠的 indifferent (apathetic, aloof)69. 奢侈的 wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)70. 残忍的 inhumane(brutal, barbaric)71. 绝望的 hopeless（despairing, desperate）72. 过分的 excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)73. 激烈的 intense (fierce, vigorous)74. 严厉的 stringent (rigorous, rigid)75. 奇怪的 eccentric (odd, peculiar)76. 难以置信的 unbelievable(incredulous, virtual)77. 惊人的 extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular)78. 有抱负的 ambitious（aggressive, aspirant）79. 固有的 inherent（nature, innate）80. 稳定的 steady (stable, constant)81. 恶化 worsen (aggravate, deteriorate)82. 夸大 exaggerate ( overstate)83. 限制 restrain (constrain, confine)84. 拆除 tear down（knock down, pull down）85. 加速 accelerate (speed up, precipitate)86. 占优势 predominate (dominate)87. 分辨 distinguish (differentiate, discern)88. 抵消 counteract (offset, cancel out)89. 开展 launch (conduct, carry out)90. 颁布 enact (enforce, promulgate )91. 生活节奏 pace of life(rhythm of life, tempo of life)92. 影响 influence(effect, impact)93. 差异 difference (distinction, gap)94. 交流 communicate(exchange, associate)95. 接触 have access to（make contact with, keep in touch with）96. 优先 give priority to (put…into first place)97. 节约 economize ( conserve, cherish)98. 参与 participate in ( take part in, engage in)99. 措施 measure (step, action)100. 注意 beware ( prevent, guard against)扫描二维码限时获取免费视频课程。
托福考试写作主题词汇
托福考试写作主题词汇托福考试写作主题词汇下面是店铺整理的托福考试常见话题词汇，分享给各位同学复习备考作为词汇积累使用。
1、环境类white pollute 白色污染sustainable development 可持续发展ecosystem 生态系统environmental pollution 环境污染over-fishing (overgrazing) 过度捕捞(过度放牧)sandstorm 沙尘暴resource exhaustion 资源枯竭water and soil conservation 水土保持soilerosion 土壤流失clear-cutting (deforestation) 滥砍滥伐desertification 沙漠化conserve natural resources 保护自然资源shortage of freshwater 淡水短缺disruption of ecological balance 生态失衡natural preservation zone 自然保护区2、教育话题类the craze for graduate school 考研热surf the internet 网上冲浪cyberspace 网络空间inter-disciplinary talent 复合型人才assignment of graduates 毕业生分配netfriend 网友examination-oriented education 应试教育teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教quality-oriented education 素质教育compulsory education 义务教育internet bar 网吧adult (continuing) education 成人教育distance education 远程教育campus culture 校园文化two-way selection 双向选择work-study program 勤工俭学double degree 双学位non-resident student 走读生resident student 寄宿生extra curricular activities 课外活动self-taught examination 自学考试become well-educated through self-study 自学成才to reduce study load 学生减负web-addiction 沉湎于上网3、社会热点类Project Hope 希望工程information revolution 信息革命epidemic disease 传染病drop out students 失学儿童laid-off worker 下岗工人reemployment project 再就业工程clone technology 克隆技术migrate laborer 民工crack down on counterfeit goods/fake products 打假devalue 贬值expand domestic demand 扩大内需state-owned enterprise 国有企业deflation 通货紧缩inflation 通货膨胀rechargeable card 冲值卡Smooth Traffic Project 畅通工程anti-fake label 防伪标志poverty alleviation 扶贫infrastructure construction 基础设施vicious circle 恶性循环gender discrimination 性别歧视psychological quality 心理素质pattern of consumption 消费结构consumers' association 消费者协会green food 绿色食品money worship 拜金主意Olympic committee 奥委会host city 举办城市bid for Olympic 申办奥运会4、经济文化类regional protectionism 地方保护主义tax evasion 偷税漏税purchasing power 购买力cyber economy 网络经济personal income tax 个人所得税risk investment 风险投资after sale service 售后服务stock exchange 股票交易booming/thriving/prosperity 繁荣decline/recession/depression 萎缩/衰退/萧条5、科技发展类broadband networks 宽带网multimedia 多媒体hacker 黑客e-business 电子商务pirated software 盗版软件pseudo-science/superstition 迷信computer virus 电脑病毒on-line shopping 网上购物get/surfon-line 上网test-tube baby 试管婴儿Orbital Station 空间站拓展阅读：托福高分词汇逻辑辨证记忆提示：由nounce,nunci演化而来的英文单词围绕着“to declare(宣布，声称)”造词。
【托福写作】独立写作专题词汇短语汇总
Topic ---- Time:Expressions Words Phrases Present a number of challenges A thing of the past In the foreseeable future With the advent of the internet In the coming decades Mant swift changes in modern society Come to a sudden halt
Coverage
Publicity JournalismБайду номын сангаас
Boardcast
Advertising Multimedia Tabloid Censorship Ideology photographer
Social networking sites such as facebook
Topic ---- Society:Expressions Words Phrases Prejuduce against minority groups Racial and sexual discrimination Increase social solidarity A truly multicultural society Do voluntary work for the community Uneven distribution of social wealth The chronic problem of social wealth
Accomplish
Attainment Ambitious
Enterprising
Optimism Talent Intelligence Triumph Prosperity perseverance
新托福独立写作必背话题词汇
新托福独立写作必背分类话题词汇一、Education教育二、Technology科技三、Media媒体四、Success 成功五、Work 工作六、Government 政府七、Friends 朋友八、Old vs. Y oung九、Transportation 交通十、Environment 环境十一、Money 金钱十二、Leisure 休闲十三、Family 家庭十四、Animals 动物十五、Food 食物十六、Safety安全十七、Health健康十八、Food 食物一、Education教育作业n. assignment（可数)与homework不同选修课n. elective course学分n. credit青少年n. ；青春期的adj. adolescent适应adapt to sth. / become accustomed to sth. 应用v. apply团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’ feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance通才n. generalist 专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded多才多艺的adj. versatile为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)工科n. engineering学科（通称）；纪律n. 管教vt. discipline 互动vt. interact自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education职业教育vocational education学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation熟练掌握……be proficient in榜样role model 同龄人n. peer对孩子/弱者过度保护adj. overprotective家长给小孩的教育n. parenting批判眼光看问题能力critical thinking abilities 有创造力的adj. creative/original表现出色perform well为…打好基础lay a solid foundation for评估n. evaluation对…非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative无知的adj. ignorant 误入歧途go astray 文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate给人动力的adj. motivating未成年人n. minors 溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency欺负（n. “喜欢欺负人的孩子”）vt. bully 植物学n. botany 天文学n. astronomy 培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth/ motivate the students to do sth传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values 给学生以灵感give the students inspiration 学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students死记硬背learn things by rote责任感sense of obligation/ duty/ responsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从follow sth. blindly限制创造力的发展extinguish creativity打击学生的积极性dampen the students’enthusiasm/ frustrate the students塑造某人的性格mold one’s character来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically课外活动extra-curricular activities理论知识theoretical knowledge阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate具体一门课的内容n. syllabus二、Technology科技非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art尖端的adj. cutting-edge彻底变革vt. revolutionize大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变vt. transform突破n. breakthrough打破（传统的）界限break boundaries无限的可能endless possibilities发展v.&n. advance信息过剩information overload信息爆炸information explosion自给自足n. self-sufficiency不可想象的adj. inconceivable/unbelievable 可利用的adj. available耐用的adj. durable常规的adj. conventional加速speed up/ accelerate生产，制造vt. manufacture采用vt. adopt网络银行（业务）online banking生物技术n. biotechnology克隆v. clone太空探索space exploration/ space probe以惊人的速度at a staggering/an amazing rate器官移植organ transplant (transplantation) 卫星satellite信息时代the information age ( or era)互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ /progressions三、Media媒体报道n. coverage有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy信息量大的adj. informative娱乐性强的adj. entertaining商品n. commodity隐私n. privacy 记者n. journalists新闻界the press 澄清vt. clarify审查n. censorship 名人n. ( pl.) celebrities 完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt. sway真人秀reality show 情景喜剧n. sitcom 肥皂剧soap opera 综艺节目variety show 时事current affairs 丑闻n. scandals过多的暴力与色情内容excessive violent and pornographic contents有误导性的adj. misleading/ distorted报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in detail夸大事件exaggerate things/ blow things out of all proportions公正客观的objective and balanced揭露v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私violate someone’s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish one’s reputation掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy道德准则code of conduct无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight传闻n. gossip四、Success 成功决心n. determination 座右铭n. motto名望n. fame 不幸n. misfortune残疾的adj. disabled 对手n. rival在某方面成功succeed in sth.态度n. attitude 毅力n. perseverance 逆境n. adversity/ hardship决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive身份和地位的象征status symbol战略，行动安排n. strategy不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable 长处n. (pl.) strengths弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses五、Work 工作分配vt. assign 冲突v.&n. conflict 尝试n.&v. attempt 谈判n. negotiation 竞争激烈的adj. competitive蓝领n. blue-collar 白领n. white-collar 非常勤奋的adj. industrious令人筋疲力尽的adj. exhausting同事n. colleague 可行的adj. feasible 耗时间的adj. time-consuming牺牲n.&v. sacrifice 工作量n. workload 裁员n. layoff/ downsizing当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”n.&vt. approach (to)招聘vt. recruit 事业n. career激烈的竞争fierce competition有热情的adj. enthusiastic自我表达n. self-expression评价，评估n. assessment/ evaluation不愿意去做某事be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.工作的正式说法n. profession/ occupation很高的专业素养n. expertise经验丰富的adj. experienced白手起家的创业者n. entrepreneur事业心强的adj. enterprising十分投入的adj. devoted工作满意度job satisfaction稳定性n. stability合作vi. collaborate (with)就业技能employable skills人际交往能力interpersonal skills职业前景career prospects加班work overtime奖励，回报n. reward员工福利employee benefits合作n. collaboration六、Government 政府废除（法律、制度等）vt. abolish实施vt. implement使…合法化vt. legalize首要任务n. priority 建立vt. establish减轻、缓解vt. alleviate , ease , relieve当局the authorities禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit立法n. legislation民主的adj. democratic高效率的adj. efficient优化资源分配optimize the distribution of resources严厉的，严格的adj. stringent短视的adj. short-sighted支出，花费n. expenditure社会保险social security规范，管理v. regulate严禁strictly prohibit, ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory拨款allocate money to sth./ invest in/ fund预算n. budget政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.把…当作当务之急give priority to sth.国土安全national security/ homeland security 恶性循环 a vicious circle规章制度rules and regulations武器n. arms/ weapons下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施n. infrastructure公共交通系统public transportation/transit system电网power grid 石油天然气管线pipelines 民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施a stopgap measure七、Friends 朋友察觉到vt. detect 外貌n. appearance 吸引，吸引力n. attraction喜欢社交的adj. sociable 忠实的adj. loyal 志向ambition （ambitious）陪伴n. accompany 相互的adj. mutual真诚的adj. sincere直率的adj. candid/ frank 背叛vt. betray 谦虚的adj. modest两难的困境n. dilemma低估v. underestimate机灵的adj. witty 有智慧的adj. wise 体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding 漠然的adj. indifferent (to)孤立的adj. isolated 杰出的adj. prominent （人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的adj. sophisticated顽强的adj. tough 琐碎的adj. trivial 八、Old vs. Young 老人/年轻人风俗习惯n. custom 尊敬的adj. respectful 很有活力的adj. energetic ≈dynamic有前途的adj. promising保守的adj. conservative老式的adj. old-fashioned过时的adj. outdated 恶化vi. deteriorate 史无前例的adj. unprecedented某事物并不是一成不变的be not carved in stone不实际的adj. impractical/ unrealistic困惑的adj. confused/ bewildered/ puzzled迷失了方向的adj. disoriented成熟n. maturity1~2岁的小朋友n. baby/ infants13~19岁的孩子teens/ teenagers未成年人n. kids/ children十几岁的孩子n. adolescent20/30/40…多岁的人们people in their 20s/ 30s/ 40s …中年人middle-aged people老年人retire people/ pensioners/ the elderly 祖先n. ancestors老龄化社会aging society历史悠久的adj. time-honored永恒的adj. timeless 皱纹n. wrinkle分清是非distinguish right from wrong逝去vt. fade 蹒跚vi. stagger九、Transportation 交通交通堵塞traffic jam= traffic congestion公交public transit蛮不讲理的司机aggressive drivers 不负责任地开车reckless driving酒后驾车drunk driving肇事者n. offender每天经过长距离去上班的人们n. commuter 交通方式modes/ means of transportation交通工具n. vehicle人口爆炸，人口激增population explosion/ population boom行人n. pedestrian罚款vt.&n. fine(penalty)危险的adj. hazardous过度拥挤n. overcrowding撞车n. collision/ car accident人口密度density of population十、Environment 环境污染物n. pollutant尽可能减少,最小化vt. minimize (maximize)倾倒vt. dump 灌溉n. irrigation (irrigate) 居住于……vt. inhabit节约使用v. conserve 保护v. preserve 再利用v. reuse/ recycle短缺n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack生态系统the ecosystem有益于环保的adj. eco-friendly环境恶化environmental deterioration当地的居民local resident/ local inhabitants 有毒的adj. poisonous/ toxic无毒的adj. non-toxic免疫系统immune system负面影响adverse effects沙尘暴n. sandstorm砍伐森林n. deforestation国际社会the international community臭氧层ozone layer有环保意识的adj. environmentally-conscious 化学反应chemical reactions替代性能源alternative energy商品包装的总称n. packaging污染vt. contaminate二氧化碳排放carbon dioxide emission(s)汽车尾气exhaust fumes酸雨acid rain 冰川n. glacier排放（污染物）vt. discharge可持续发展sustainable development太阳能solar energy 风能wind energy 核能nuclear energy 水电n. hydropower 烟雾重的adj. smoggy人造的adj. artificial适当的adj. appropriate 开采自然资源exploit natural resources侵蚀vt. erode 辐射n. radiation连锁反应chain reaction化肥chemical fertilizer杀虫剂n. pesticide丰富的，充裕的adj. abundant恶化v. deteriorate生态平衡ecological balance环保主义者n. environmentalists/ conservationists对环境无害的adj. environmentally-friendly 各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces to combat environmental problems增强公众关于…的意识raise the public awareness of sth.砍伐森林n. deforestation增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources消耗v. consume 用尽use up /exhaust严厉的措施n. harsh actions/ measures某地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region 生物的多样性n. biodiversity污水n. sewage 严重的adj. severe 温室效应greenhouse effectadjust to nature 适应自然atmospheric pollution 大气污染be exhausted 被耗尽cope with 与…竞争，应付domestic sewage家庭污水endangered species濒临灭绝的物种fatal disease致命的疾病natural selection自然选择，物竞天择on the brink of 濒于optimize the environment尽可能改善工作环境put the blame on 归咎于remedial measure补救性措施sewage treatment污水处理soil erosion水土流失take revenge on 报复toxic chemical 有毒化学品waste disposal废物处理十一、Money 金钱珍贵的adj. precious/ valuable毫无价值的adj. worthless不安全感n. insecurity节俭的adj. thrifty/ frugal省钱的adj. economical保持收支平衡make ends meet昂贵的adj. costly精致的，精美的adj. exquisite“高端的”，可以指服务场所，也可以指商品adj. top-end/ high-end低端的adj. low-end不仅是好运，也经常指财富n. fortune富人与穷人the haves and the have-nots诱惑n. temptation财产n. property/ possessions需求n. demand 贪欲n. greed妒忌（形容词jealous）n. jealousy有诱惑力的adj. tempting慷慨n. generosity 捐赠vt. donate慈善事业或者慈善组织n. charity十二、Leisure 休闲短期旅行n. excursion观光n. sightseeing有导游的旅行conducted tour/ guided tour跟团游package tour自助游self-conducted tour/ self-guided tour 异域风情的adj. exotic有益环保的旅游n. ecotourism背包族n. backpacker旅行社travel agency旅游景点tourist attraction/ tourist spot纪念品n. souvenir古代留下来的东西n. relics 城堡n. castle 手工制品n. handicrafts 收藏n. collection 文物n. artifacts 珍惜vt. cherish美术馆，画廊n. gallery开阔某人的眼界expand one’s outlook/ vision 萝卜青菜,各有所爱Different strokes for different folks休闲n. recreation 释放压力release stress 引领潮流的adj. trend-setting游乐场amusement park主题公园theme park从日常琐事中摆脱出来get away from the daily grind提振某人的精神lift one’s spirits精神消沉one’s spirits sink值得回忆的adj. memorable文化遗产cultural heritage民间传说n. folktale少数民族ethnic minorities外观n. exterior 内部n. interior偏见n. prejudice侦探小说detective novel传记n. biography 神话n. mythology乐器instrument 表演n. performance捕捉vt. capture让人放松calm the nerves and restore the soul 动画片n. animation特效special effects展览n. exhibition展览或者展品n. exhibit适度锻炼moderate exercise适度n. moderation健身n. workout有氧运动aerobic exercises血液循环blood circulation灵活性n. flexibility 耐力n. endurance协调，（身体的）协调性n. coordination马拉松n. marathon 田径n. athletics十三、Family 家庭老年人the elderly / senior citizens亲情family bonds/ family ties家庭观念family values增强，加固vt. strengthen/ reinforce配偶n. spouse家里的孩子n. offspring兄弟姐妹n. sibling(s)兄弟姐妹间的互相竞争n. sibling rivalry表兄弟/姐妹n. cousin家务事household chores性格冲突personality clash家庭用品，特别常指家电household appliances代沟generation gap 亲戚one’s relatives 父母和孩子一起住的小家庭nuclear family 一大家子人extended family和谐n. harmony (harmonious)血浓于水Blood is thicker than water.归属感sense of belonging单亲家庭single-parent households虐待v. mistreat家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上瘾addiction to / be addicted to drugs 十四、Animals 动物伙伴n. companions 虐待n.&vt. abuse人类man/ humans/ humankind动物n. creatures 栖息地n. habitat生物多样性n. biodiversity濒危动物endangered species兽皮n. hide 兽毛n. fur制药公司pharmaceutical company生物医学研究biomedical research实验室n. laboratory动物权益保护主义者animal right activists 医学研究medical research残忍的adj. cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ brutal 减轻动物的痛苦relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals’ pain宠物是主人的伙伴pets are their masters’companions给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort偷猎v. poach某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth. 十五、Food 食物味道好的adj. tasty超级好吃的adj. scrumptious['skrʌm(p)ʃəs] 地道的，正宗的adj. authentic[ɔː'θentɪk]多样性n. variety 肥胖症obesity有机的adj. organic 摄入量n. intake ……的摄入过多excessive intake of …冠心病coronary heart disease (CHD)油腻的adj. greasy 糖尿病n. diabetes食品卫生food hygiene奶制品dairy products缺乏运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle营养不良的adj. malnourished无法治愈的病incurable disease治疗n. treatment therapy有营养的adj. nutritious/ nourishing素食主义者n. vegetarian冷冻食品frozen food罐装食品canned food低热量的low-calorie低脂肪的adj. low-fat钙n. calcium ['kælsɪəm]高纤维n. high in fiber超重的adj. overweight 过敏n. allergy症状n. symptoms 保持健康keep fit原料n. ingredient 饮料n. beverage有益健康的adj. wholesome/ healthy均衡的饮食balanced diet碳水化合物n. carbohydrate微量元素trace elements十六、Safety安全be within the law合法bring into effect使实现，实施carry into execution/put in practice实行，实施economic loss经济损失eliminate crime消灭犯罪environmental protection环境保护legitimate right合法权利leisure pursuit闲暇爱好self-defense自卫suicide rate自杀率self-protection自我保护十七、Health健康acute disease急性病chronic disease 慢性病adhere to 坚持不懈build a sound body 强身健体character building 品格培养chemical substance 化学物质ease the strain 减轻压力engage in 参加，从事outlook in life 人生观persevere in 坚持physical condition 身体状况physical exercise 体育运动physical-fitness program 健身计划the average life expectancy 平均寿命十八、Food 食物cancerous tumor 癌症heart attack 心脏病high blood pressure 高血压get addicted to 上瘾appeal to 吸引，呼吁，要求balanced meal 均衡的饮食be physically damaging 有害健康的be stuffed 饮食过渡chain store 连锁商店convenience food方便食品digestive system 消化系统eating pattern 饮食模式enjoy great popularity 大受欢迎excessive fat 过量的脂肪fatty and fried food 肥腻和油炸的食物go short of 缺乏energy-dense food 高能量食物high-nutrition food 高营养食品high-quality food 高质量的食物hyper-calorie meal 高热量的膳食improper eating habit 不良饮食习惯inferior animal低级动物superior animal高级动物intake of excess calories摄入过多的热量inviting and appetizing美味可口的life cycle生命周期meet special nutrient needs 满足特殊的营养需要morally wrong 不合道义的nutrient deficiency营养缺乏nutrition value 营养价值offer more choices and tastes提供更多的选择何口味optimal human functioning最佳的人体机能processed and fast food 加工过的快餐食品protein intake蛋白质摄入量the philosophy of Chinese food中国饮食文化vitamin and mineral supplements维生素和矿物质补充。
托福写作必备词组150
托福写作必备词组150为了帮助大家学习托福写作，提高分数，下面小编给大家带来托福写作必备词组150，希望大家喜欢！托福写作必备词组1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点 argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement托福写作必备词组26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质 comprehensive quality37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认 Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42. 满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of…43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology托福写作必备词组51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice56. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast witht he latest development of …66.采取有效措施来… take ef fective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of …68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位 social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one’s scope of knowledge74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…托福写作必备词组76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代“think”的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.80.与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place97. 再次Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go.托福写作必备词组1. 何谓“关联词”“关联词”是指一些能够指明句与句之间逻辑关系的词。
托福常用独立的词汇
1.双方观点argument on both sid es2.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in3.对…必不可少be indispensable to4.正如谚语所说as the proverb goes:5.也不例外x has no exception.6.对。
产生有利影响exert positive effects on…7.对。
产生不利影响exert negative/harmful/adverse effects on8.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages9.导致lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in/trigger10.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon11.责任感sense of responsibility12.成就感sense of achievement/accomplishment/fulfillment13.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation14.看扩眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision15.学习知识和技巧acquire knowledge and skills16.经济/心理负担financial burden/psychological burden17.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/consideration18.从另一个角度from another perspective19.作出共同努力make joint efforts20.对。
有益be beneficial to21.对社会做出贡献make contribution to the society22.打下坚实的基础lay solid foundation for23.综合素质comprehensive quality24.无可非议blameless/ beyond reproach25.致力于/投身于be committed to/ be devoted to26.应当承认admittedly27.不可推卸的责任unshakable duty28.满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of29.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information30.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources31.因特网the Internet (一定要有冠词，字母I大写)32.方便快捷convenient and efficient33.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life34.环保的environmentally friendly35.社会进步的体现 a symbol of social progress36.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology37.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue38.支持前/后种观点的人people/ those in favor of the former/latter opinion39.有/提供如下理由/证据have/provide the following reasons/evidence40.在一定程度上to some extent/degree/in some way41.理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice42.必然趋势an irresistible trend of43.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition44.眼前利益immediate interest/short-term interest45.长远利益interest in the long run46.有其自身的优缺点has its merits and demerits/advantages and disadvantages47.扬长避短exploit favorable condition and avoid unfavorable ones48.取其精华，去其糟粕take the essence and discard the dregs49.对。
新托福独立写作环境类话题词汇总结
新托福独立写作环境类话题词汇总结对于托福写作考试当中，独立写作当中有很多话题，对于不同话题有不同的词汇，这些词汇考生在备考时需要积累，这样才能在考试中遇到这类话题就可以准确的用词。
这里小编为大家整理了托福写作的环境类话题的词汇，希望可以帮助到大家。
新托福独立写作环境类词汇1环境污染：environmental pollutionenvironmental contamination环境问题environmental issuesenvironmental problems各种与环境相关的问题：various environment-related issues新托福独立写作环境类词汇2过简单生活：live a simple lifechoose a simpler lifestyle选择简单生活：embark on simple lifestyleopt for a simple lifestyle环境保护：environmental conservationenvironmental protectionenvironmental preservation新托福独立写作环境类词汇3提高公众的环保意识：raise the environmental protection awareness amongst the general public raise = enhance = improve v 提高……awareness = consciousness n 意识乘坐公共交通工具：take public transit = take public transport培养节水的生活方式：foster water-wise lifestylefoster = cultivate = nurture v 培养……减少纸张的使用：reduce the use of paperreduce = minimize = diminish v减少……新托福独立写作环境类词汇4珍惜自然资源：treasure other naturalresources解决……address = resolve =tackle亲自参加……partake of = take part in= participate in改善我们的生存环境：optimize our livingenvironmentDo you agree or disagreewith the following statement? The environmental issue is too complex to behandled by the individual.Do you agree or disagreewith the following statement? Solving environmental problems is the best wayfor the government to improve public health.Do you agree or disagreewith the following statement? The government should focus more on environmentalproblems and less on economic development.Do you agree or disagreewith the following statement? Using clean energy to protect the environment,but the traditional energy sources such as coal and oil is less expensive.托福写作素材：种树(保护环境)1.While you probably think about planting trees for Arbor Day, you may not know just how much of an impact tree planting can have on your lawn and energy consumption as well as the environment.Trees can provide shade for your home and lawn as well as a barrier against cold winter winds. They also filter water and air to reduce soil erosion and greenhouse gases. And did you know that trees have also been shown to reduce stress? Many urban residents find themselves calmer and happier when they are around trees.2Energy-saving benefits of planting treesAccording to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a young, healthy tree can provide a net cooling effect equivalent to ten room-sized air conditioners operating for 20 hours a day! While it will take a few years for a newly planted sapling to reach the point where it c an cast shade on your home, it’s a relatively low-cost investment, and you’ll find it’s worth the wait.Dr. E. Greg McPherson of the Center for Urban Forest Research says that a new tree planted on the western side of your home will reduce your energy bill by about three percent in five years and by close to 12 percent in 15 years. Plus, shade isn’t the only way planting trees can reduce your family’s energy consumption. Trees located on the north and northwest sides of your home can block frigid winter winds and lower your heating bill.3Benefit of trees on the environmentWhile planting trees can certainly have a positive impact onyour energy bill, sustainable gardening can also positively impact the environment. Trees absorb greenhouse gases like nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. They also convert carbon dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis. Wondering how that relates to you? Just one tree can clean about 330 pounds of carbon dioxide from the air each year, according to the U.S. Forest Service, which provides enough oxygen for a family of four!One of the reasons planting new trees is seen as sustainable gardening is because they act as air and water filters. In a study conducted by the USDA, it was found that trees were able to remove more than 1,800 metric tons of air pollution from New York City. The roots filter groundwater and control run off and erosion by holding soil in place. They also cool down the air, and not just with shade. The transpiration process they go through releases moisture into the air, producing a cooling effect.4Maintaining your trees and lawnTrees are beneficial to the aesthetics of your lawn, your home’s energy bill, and your family’s overall health. For all these reasons, it’s im portant to properly maintain your trees and the soil they grow in. You don’t want to over-shape new trees or prune too much when you first plant them, but you will have a much healthier tree if you trim back dead branches over the years. There are several options when it comes to outdoor power equipment to maintain the trees you’ve planted. Chainsaws and pole saws are great choices for cutting down large limbs. They also work well for pruning, whether you need to allow for new growth or prevent branches from hitting obstacles like houses or power lines. There are even battery-operated, cordlesssaws available to reduce your carbon footprint even further.The shade from the trees you’ve planted will help improve water conservation, so you’ll maintain a lush a nd green lawn with very little maintenance. However, you should still mow high and often, to avoid roots and promote new grass growth, being especially careful around the base of your trees. You may even want to spread mulch and compost to the drip line and maintain the edge with a string trimmer.摘抄：how much of an impact tree planting can have on your lawn and energy consumption：植树多大程度上影响你的草坪和能源消耗provide shade for ：提供阴凉a barrier against cold winter winds：对寒冷的冬天风来说就是个屏障also filter water and air to reduce soil erosion and greenhouse gases：同时过滤水和空气减少土壤侵蚀和温室气体urban residents find themselves calmer and happier when they are around trees.城市居民发现自己平静快乐的时候周围的树木。
画龙点睛 新托福写作高分词汇汇总
画龙点睛新托福写作高分词汇汇总新托福写作需要注意句式和词汇的运用，使用高分词汇的文章比使用常用词汇的文章亮点要多得多，也就更能得到高分，下面，小编总结“新托福写作高分词汇汇总”，希望对大家有所帮助。
新托福写作高分词汇：形容词/副词Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, play a pushing role, indispensable, requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary, basically, necessary…Angry: annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate, mad (informal)， livid (informal)， berserk, outraged, resentful…Big: gigantic, massive, colossal, enormous, immense, gargantuan, tremendous, titanic, giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky, Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, distinguished, remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent, charming, stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesomeMany: numerous, myriad, infinite,Forever (adv)： infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying, endless, changeless, perpetuallySmall: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite(女子身高娇小)Bad: awful, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, poor, substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral(此词的意思是“不道德的”，请用于适当场合)…Beautiful: charming, charismatic, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet, adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute,good-looking, lovable, engaging…Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smartHappy: delightful, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful,Fast：swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, nippy, like lightning, Hurry (v)： hustle, rush, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot。
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新托福独立写作必背分类话题词汇一、Education教育二、Technology科技三、Media媒体四、Success 成功五、Work 工作六、Government 政府七、Friends 朋友八、Old vs. Y oung九、Transportation 交通十、Environment 环境十一、Money 金钱十二、Leisure 休闲十三、Family 家庭十四、Animals 动物十五、Food 食物十六、Safety安全十七、Health健康十八、Food 食物一、Education教育作业n. assignment（可数)与homework不同选修课n. elective course学分n. credit青少年n. ；青春期的adj. adolescent适应adapt to sth. / become accustomed to sth. 应用v. apply团队精神team spirit独立思考think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反馈students’ feedback学生评价老师的教学students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance通才n. generalist 专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded多才多艺的adj. versatile为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)工科n. engineering学科（通称）；纪律n. 管教vt. discipline 互动vt. interact自制力n. self-discipline小（中、大）学教育primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education职业教育vocational education学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校提供的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参与n. participation熟练掌握……be proficient in榜样role model 同龄人n. peer对孩子/弱者过度保护adj. overprotective家长给小孩的教育n. parenting批判眼光看问题能力critical thinking abilities 有创造力的adj. creative/original表现出色perform well为…打好基础lay a solid foundation for评估n. evaluation对…非常好的掌握n. mastery好奇心n. curiosity精英n. elite应试教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative无知的adj. ignorant 误入歧途go astray 文盲（的）n.&adj. illiterate给人动力的adj. motivating未成年人n. minors 溺爱vt. spoil青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency欺负（n. “喜欢欺负人的孩子”）vt. bully 植物学n. botany 天文学n. astronomy 培养v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/mental (or intellectual) and emotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth/ motivate the students to do sth传授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values 给学生以灵感give the students inspiration 学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’grasp (or command) of what has been taught就业技能employable skills填鸭式教法教学生force-feed the students死记硬背learn things by rote责任感sense of obligation/ duty/ responsibility记忆方程式、公式、定理、定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws盲从follow sth. blindly限制创造力的发展extinguish creativity打击学生的积极性dampen the students’enthusiasm/ frustrate the students塑造某人的性格mold one’s character来自其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境n. adverse circumstances/ adversity鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage the students to think critically课外活动extra-curricular activities理论知识theoretical knowledge阐明，解释清楚vt. illuminate具体一门课的内容n. syllabus二、Technology科技非常先进的adj. state-of-the-art尖端的adj. cutting-edge彻底变革vt. revolutionize大规模生产mass-production省钱的adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变vt. transform突破n. breakthrough打破（传统的）界限break boundaries无限的可能endless possibilities发展v.&n. advance信息过剩information overload信息爆炸information explosion自给自足n. self-sufficiency不可想象的adj. inconceivable/unbelievable 可利用的adj. available耐用的adj. durable常规的adj. conventional加速speed up/ accelerate生产，制造vt. manufacture采用vt. adopt网络银行（业务）online banking生物技术n. biotechnology克隆v. clone太空探索space exploration/ space probe以惊人的速度at a staggering/an amazing rate器官移植organ transplant (transplantation) 卫星satellite信息时代the information age ( or era)互联网的广泛应用the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ /progressions三、Media媒体报道n. coverage有新闻价值的adj. newsworthy信息量大的adj. informative娱乐性强的adj. entertaining商品n. commodity隐私n. privacy 记者n. journalists新闻界the press 澄清vt. clarify审查n. censorship 名人n. ( pl.) celebrities 完全与世隔绝entirely cut off from the outside world（媒体）影响（公众意见）vt. sway真人秀reality show 情景喜剧n. sitcom 肥皂剧soap opera 综艺节目variety show 时事current affairs 丑闻n. scandals过多的暴力与色情内容excessive violent and pornographic contents有误导性的adj. misleading/ distorted报道非常详尽的细节report sth. in detail夸大事件exaggerate things/ blow things out of all proportions公正客观的objective and balanced揭露v. expose/ reveal侵犯隐私violate someone’s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish one’s reputation掩盖v. cover up/ gloss over可信的adj. reliable/ trustworthy道德准则code of conduct无处不在的adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent处在公众注意力的焦点in the spotlight传闻n. gossip四、Success 成功决心n. determination 座右铭n. motto名望n. fame 不幸n. misfortune残疾的adj. disabled 对手n. rival在某方面成功succeed in sth.态度n. attitude 毅力n. perseverance 逆境n. adversity/ hardship决定性的，有决断力的adj. decisive身份和地位的象征status symbol战略，行动安排n. strategy不可缺少的，绝对必要的adj. indispensable 长处n. (pl.) strengths弱点n. (pl.) weaknesses五、Work 工作分配vt. assign 冲突v.&n. conflict 尝试n.&v. attempt 谈判n. negotiation 竞争激烈的adj. competitive蓝领n. blue-collar 白领n. white-collar 非常勤奋的adj. industrious令人筋疲力尽的adj. exhausting同事n. colleague 可行的adj. feasible 耗时间的adj. time-consuming牺牲n.&v. sacrifice 工作量n. workload 裁员n. layoff/ downsizing当名词时是“做某事的途径”，当动词时是“靠近”n.&vt. approach (to)招聘vt. recruit 事业n. career激烈的竞争fierce competition有热情的adj. enthusiastic自我表达n. self-expression评价，评估n. assessment/ evaluation不愿意去做某事be reluctant to do sth./ be unwilling to do sth.工作的正式说法n. profession/ occupation很高的专业素养n. expertise经验丰富的adj. experienced白手起家的创业者n. entrepreneur事业心强的adj. enterprising十分投入的adj. devoted工作满意度job satisfaction稳定性n. stability合作vi. collaborate (with)就业技能employable skills人际交往能力interpersonal skills职业前景career prospects加班work overtime奖励，回报n. reward员工福利employee benefits合作n. collaboration六、Government 政府废除（法律、制度等）vt. abolish实施vt. implement使…合法化vt. legalize首要任务n. priority 建立vt. establish减轻、缓解vt. alleviate , ease , relieve当局the authorities禁止vt. forbid/ prohibit立法n. legislation民主的adj. democratic高效率的adj. efficient优化资源分配optimize the distribution of resources严厉的，严格的adj. stringent短视的adj. short-sighted支出，花费n. expenditure社会保险social security规范，管理v. regulate严禁strictly prohibit, ban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory拨款allocate money to sth./ invest in/ fund预算n. budget政府开支the government spending/ expenditure on sth.把…当作当务之急give priority to sth.国土安全national security/ homeland security 恶性循环 a vicious circle规章制度rules and regulations武器n. arms/ weapons下岗工人laid-off workers/ downsized workers失业n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施n. infrastructure公共交通系统public transportation/transit system电网power grid 石油天然气管线pipelines 民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government临时的应急措施a stopgap measure七、Friends 朋友察觉到vt. detect 外貌n. appearance 吸引，吸引力n. attraction喜欢社交的adj. sociable 忠实的adj. loyal 志向ambition （ambitious）陪伴n. accompany 相互的adj. mutual真诚的adj. sincere直率的adj. candid/ frank 背叛vt. betray 谦虚的adj. modest两难的困境n. dilemma低估v. underestimate机灵的adj. witty 有智慧的adj. wise 体贴人的adj. considerate/ thoughtful理解他人的，善解人意的adj. understanding 漠然的adj. indifferent (to)孤立的adj. isolated 杰出的adj. prominent （人）老练的，（工具）复杂高端的adj. sophisticated顽强的adj. tough 琐碎的adj. trivial 八、Old vs. Young 老人/年轻人风俗习惯n. custom 尊敬的adj. respectful 很有活力的adj. energetic ≈dynamic有前途的adj. promising保守的adj. conservative老式的adj. old-fashioned过时的adj. outdated 恶化vi. deteriorate 史无前例的adj. unprecedented某事物并不是一成不变的be not carved in stone不实际的adj. impractical/ unrealistic困惑的adj. confused/ bewildered/ puzzled迷失了方向的adj. disoriented成熟n. maturity1~2岁的小朋友n. baby/ infants13~19岁的孩子teens/ teenagers未成年人n. kids/ children十几岁的孩子n. adolescent20/30/40…多岁的人们people in their 20s/ 30s/ 40s …中年人middle-aged people老年人retire people/ pensioners/ the elderly 祖先n. ancestors老龄化社会aging society历史悠久的adj. time-honored永恒的adj. timeless 皱纹n. wrinkle分清是非distinguish right from wrong逝去vt. fade 蹒跚vi. stagger九、Transportation 交通交通堵塞traffic jam= traffic congestion公交public transit蛮不讲理的司机aggressive drivers 不负责任地开车reckless driving酒后驾车drunk driving肇事者n. offender每天经过长距离去上班的人们n. commuter 交通方式modes/ means of transportation交通工具n. vehicle人口爆炸，人口激增population explosion/ population boom行人n. pedestrian罚款vt.&n. fine(penalty)危险的adj. hazardous过度拥挤n. overcrowding撞车n. collision/ car accident人口密度density of population十、Environment 环境污染物n. pollutant尽可能减少,最小化vt. minimize (maximize)倾倒vt. dump 灌溉n. irrigation (irrigate) 居住于……vt. inhabit节约使用v. conserve 保护v. preserve 再利用v. reuse/ recycle短缺n. shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack生态系统the ecosystem有益于环保的adj. eco-friendly环境恶化environmental deterioration当地的居民local resident/ local inhabitants 有毒的adj. poisonous/ toxic无毒的adj. non-toxic免疫系统immune system负面影响adverse effects沙尘暴n. sandstorm砍伐森林n. deforestation国际社会the international community臭氧层ozone layer有环保意识的adj. environmentally-conscious 化学反应chemical reactions替代性能源alternative energy商品包装的总称n. packaging污染vt. contaminate二氧化碳排放carbon dioxide emission(s)汽车尾气exhaust fumes酸雨acid rain 冰川n. glacier排放（污染物）vt. discharge可持续发展sustainable development太阳能solar energy 风能wind energy 核能nuclear energy 水电n. hydropower 烟雾重的adj. smoggy人造的adj. artificial适当的adj. appropriate 开采自然资源exploit natural resources侵蚀vt. erode 辐射n. radiation连锁反应chain reaction化肥chemical fertilizer杀虫剂n. pesticide丰富的，充裕的adj. abundant恶化v. deteriorate生态平衡ecological balance环保主义者n. environmentalists/ conservationists对环境无害的adj. environmentally-friendly 各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces to combat environmental problems增强公众关于…的意识raise the public awareness of sth.砍伐森林n. deforestation增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resources消耗v. consume 用尽use up /exhaust严厉的措施n. harsh actions/ measures某地区所有生物总称the wildlife in a region 生物的多样性n. biodiversity污水n. sewage 严重的adj. severe 温室效应greenhouse effectadjust to nature 适应自然atmospheric pollution 大气污染be exhausted 被耗尽cope with 与…竞争，应付domestic sewage家庭污水endangered species濒临灭绝的物种fatal disease致命的疾病natural selection自然选择，物竞天择on the brink of 濒于optimize the environment尽可能改善工作环境put the blame on 归咎于remedial measure补救性措施sewage treatment污水处理soil erosion水土流失take revenge on 报复toxic chemical 有毒化学品waste disposal废物处理十一、Money 金钱珍贵的adj. precious/ valuable毫无价值的adj. worthless不安全感n. insecurity节俭的adj. thrifty/ frugal省钱的adj. economical保持收支平衡make ends meet昂贵的adj. costly精致的，精美的adj. exquisite“高端的”，可以指服务场所，也可以指商品adj. top-end/ high-end低端的adj. low-end不仅是好运，也经常指财富n. fortune富人与穷人the haves and the have-nots诱惑n. temptation财产n. property/ possessions需求n. demand 贪欲n. greed妒忌（形容词jealous）n. jealousy有诱惑力的adj. tempting慷慨n. generosity 捐赠vt. donate慈善事业或者慈善组织n. charity十二、Leisure 休闲短期旅行n. excursion观光n. sightseeing有导游的旅行conducted tour/ guided tour跟团游package tour自助游self-conducted tour/ self-guided tour 异域风情的adj. exotic有益环保的旅游n. ecotourism背包族n. backpacker旅行社travel agency旅游景点tourist attraction/ tourist spot纪念品n. souvenir古代留下来的东西n. relics 城堡n. castle 手工制品n. handicrafts 收藏n. collection 文物n. artifacts 珍惜vt. cherish美术馆，画廊n. gallery开阔某人的眼界expand one’s outlook/ vision 萝卜青菜,各有所爱Different strokes for different folks休闲n. recreation 释放压力release stress 引领潮流的adj. trend-setting游乐场amusement park主题公园theme park从日常琐事中摆脱出来get away from the daily grind提振某人的精神lift one’s spirits精神消沉one’s spirits sink值得回忆的adj. memorable文化遗产cultural heritage民间传说n. folktale少数民族ethnic minorities外观n. exterior 内部n. interior偏见n. prejudice侦探小说detective novel传记n. biography 神话n. mythology乐器instrument 表演n. performance捕捉vt. capture让人放松calm the nerves and restore the soul 动画片n. animation特效special effects展览n. exhibition展览或者展品n. exhibit适度锻炼moderate exercise适度n. moderation健身n. workout有氧运动aerobic exercises血液循环blood circulation灵活性n. flexibility 耐力n. endurance协调，（身体的）协调性n. coordination马拉松n. marathon 田径n. athletics十三、Family 家庭老年人the elderly / senior citizens亲情family bonds/ family ties家庭观念family values增强，加固vt. strengthen/ reinforce配偶n. spouse家里的孩子n. offspring兄弟姐妹n. sibling(s)兄弟姐妹间的互相竞争n. sibling rivalry表兄弟/姐妹n. cousin家务事household chores性格冲突personality clash家庭用品，特别常指家电household appliances代沟generation gap 亲戚one’s relatives 父母和孩子一起住的小家庭nuclear family 一大家子人extended family和谐n. harmony (harmonious)血浓于水Blood is thicker than water.归属感sense of belonging单亲家庭single-parent households虐待v. mistreat家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上瘾addiction to / be addicted to drugs 十四、Animals 动物伙伴n. companions 虐待n.&vt. abuse人类man/ humans/ humankind动物n. creatures 栖息地n. habitat生物多样性n. biodiversity濒危动物endangered species兽皮n. hide 兽毛n. fur制药公司pharmaceutical company生物医学研究biomedical research实验室n. laboratory动物权益保护主义者animal right activists 医学研究medical research残忍的adj. cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ brutal 减轻动物的痛苦relieve/ alleviate/ ease animals’ pain宠物是主人的伙伴pets are their masters’companions给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort偷猎v. poach某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements/ substitutes/ alternatives for sth. 十五、Food 食物味道好的adj. tasty超级好吃的adj. scrumptious['skrʌm(p)ʃəs] 地道的，正宗的adj. authentic[ɔː'θentɪk]多样性n. variety 肥胖症obesity有机的adj. organic 摄入量n. intake ……的摄入过多excessive intake of …冠心病coronary heart disease (CHD)油腻的adj. greasy 糖尿病n. diabetes食品卫生food hygiene奶制品dairy products缺乏运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle营养不良的adj. malnourished无法治愈的病incurable disease治疗n. treatment therapy有营养的adj. nutritious/ nourishing素食主义者n. vegetarian冷冻食品frozen food罐装食品canned food低热量的low-calorie低脂肪的adj. low-fat钙n. calcium ['kælsɪəm]高纤维n. high in fiber超重的adj. overweight 过敏n. allergy症状n. symptoms 保持健康keep fit原料n. ingredient 饮料n. beverage有益健康的adj. wholesome/ healthy均衡的饮食balanced diet碳水化合物n. carbohydrate微量元素trace elements十六、Safety安全be within the law合法bring into effect使实现，实施carry into execution/put in practice实行，实施economic loss经济损失eliminate crime消灭犯罪environmental protection环境保护legitimate right合法权利leisure pursuit闲暇爱好self-defense自卫suicide rate自杀率self-protection自我保护十七、Health健康acute disease急性病chronic disease 慢性病adhere to 坚持不懈build a sound body 强身健体character building 品格培养chemical substance 化学物质ease the strain 减轻压力engage in 参加，从事outlook in life 人生观persevere in 坚持physical condition 身体状况physical exercise 体育运动physical-fitness program 健身计划the average life expectancy 平均寿命十八、Food 食物cancerous tumor 癌症heart attack 心脏病high blood pressure 高血压get addicted to 上瘾appeal to 吸引，呼吁，要求balanced meal 均衡的饮食be physically damaging 有害健康的be stuffed 饮食过渡chain store 连锁商店convenience food方便食品digestive system 消化系统eating pattern 饮食模式enjoy great popularity 大受欢迎excessive fat 过量的脂肪fatty and fried food 肥腻和油炸的食物go short of 缺乏energy-dense food 高能量食物high-nutrition food 高营养食品high-quality food 高质量的食物hyper-calorie meal 高热量的膳食improper eating habit 不良饮食习惯inferior animal低级动物superior animal高级动物intake of excess calories摄入过多的热量inviting and appetizing美味可口的life cycle生命周期meet special nutrient needs 满足特殊的营养需要morally wrong 不合道义的nutrient deficiency营养缺乏nutrition value 营养价值offer more choices and tastes提供更多的选择何口味optimal human functioning最佳的人体机能processed and fast food 加工过的快餐食品protein intake蛋白质摄入量the philosophy of Chinese food中国饮食文化vitamin and mineral supplements维生素和矿物质补充。