1冠词

冠词

命题趋势

高考试题中对冠词用法的考查年年都有，主要以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主。预测今后考点分布在对不定冠词的考查、定冠词的考查、零冠词的考查以及一些固定短语中冠词的正确使用。从高考命题来看，常常是一道试题设两个空，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起考查。

诊断测试

1.(2010 重庆，27)Everything comes with ______ price; there is no such ______ thing as a free

lunch in the world.

A. a; a

B. the; /

C. the; a

D. a; /

2. (2010福建，21)It’s _____ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ______ pleasure.

A. /; a

B. a; /

C. the; a

D. a; the

3. (2010江苏，21)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _______ people from all walks of life are working hard for _______ new Jiangsu.

A. /; a

B./; the

C. the; a

D. the; the

4. (2009安徽，21)We can never expect ____ bluer sky unless we create ______ less polluted world.

A. a; a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; the

5. (2009全国2，14)What I need is ______ book that contains _______ ABC of oil painting.

A. a; /

B. the; /

C. the; an

D. a; the

6. (2009北京，33)The biggest whale is _______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ______ 9-story building.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a, the

D. the; a

7. (2009四川，14)In order to find ______ better job, he decided to study _____ second foreign language.

A. the; a

B. a; a

C. the; the

D. a; the

8. (2007浙江，4)I like ______ color of your skirt. It is ______ good match for your blouse.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

9. (2004广东，28)While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ______ discovery which completely changed ______ man’s understanding of color.

A. a; /

B. a; the

C. /; the

D. the; a

10. (2002上海春，22)The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have ______ third one because ______ second one is rather too small.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. the; a

知识精讲

冠词（Articles）属于虚词，置于名词之前，说明或限定名词的含义。冠词在句中一般不重读。

冠词分为不定冠词（Indefinite Article）和定冠词（Definite Article）两种。冠词的用法有类指（Generic Reference）和特指（Specific Reference）之分。类指是表示类别，也就是泛指一类人或物，而特指则指其中特定的对象。

考点一不定冠词的基本用法

1.表示类指，或指某类中的任何一个。例如：

HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.

HIV是一种病毒。病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。

A baby deer can stand as soon as it is born.

小鹿一生下来就能站立。

2. 表示非确定特指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时，通常用不定冠词，因此有不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定含义，相当于a certain。例如：

He was born in a village in Austria, the son of a peasant.

他出生在奥地利的一个村庄里，是一个农民的儿子。

He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera.

他得去伦敦，穿着昂贵的服装，对着电视摄像机表演。

注意：专有名词前用不定冠词也表示“某一个”。例如：

I want to be a Bill Gates. 我想成为比尔盖茨式的人物。

I knew a John Lennon, but not the famous one.

我认识一个叫约翰列农的人，但不是那个著名的人。

三、表示“量指”。不定冠词表示“一”的概念，在意思上接近one，但在数量概念上比one 弱。例如：

With an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of San Francisco’s fires could be seen 160 kilometers away.

地震后的一个小时，旧金山的大火产生的烟在160千米远的地方也能看到。

I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.

我一天要看十六七个小时的电视。

Rome was not build in a day. (谚语)罗马非一日建成。

注意：a/an与基数词one同源。下面将a/an与one的用法坐一比较：

a. 抢点数目概念时要用one, 要重读；不强调数目概念时用a/an，通常不重读。请比较以下两句：

It will take more than a year to build the power station. (指一年以上，两年以下)

It will take more than one year to build the power station. (指不只一年，可能两年或三年)

b.在某些固定习语中，a/an和one不可调换。如：once upon a time; an hour or two; one day; one night.

c.在某些习语中，a/an 和one都可用，但意义不同，如at a time(每次), at one time(从前有一个时期)

d.在与别的事物相对照时，通常用one 而不用a/an。例如：

One man’s meat is another man’s poison.

对甲有利的对乙未必有利。

She has one sister, but three brothers.

她又一个妹妹，三个弟弟。

注意：“一两天”在英语里有两种表达:a day or two或one or two days。这里的a 与one不可互换。

四、表示同类中的“任何一个”。这种用法可以与any互换。例如：

A child not only needs food and clothing, but love as well.

孩子不仅需要衣食，还需要爱。

A boy is usually taller than a girl of his age.

男孩子往往比同龄的女孩子个子高。

五、表示单位，有“每一”之含义，多用于速度、价格等表达中。例如：