五级乐理考试(英国皇家音乐学院)

Style and period

(character; when the music was composed)

Style can also include character or mood. Use words like: piangevole (plaintive) dolce (sweet)

pesante (heavy) agitato (agitated)

marcato (accented) vivace (lively)

Here are the main musical periods, with approximate dates: Baroque: 1600-1750

Classical: 1750-1790

Romantic: 1790-1910

Early 20th century: 1910-1940

Contemporary: 1940-now

Structure (including phrase structure)

(form)

Binary (AB) theme and variations

Ternary (ABA) rondo and sonata

Tempo

(speed)

performance instructions

adagio; moderato; allegro; presto

gradually getting faster

accrlrtando (accel.); stringerdo (string.)

gradually getting slower

rallentando (rall.) or ritardando (retard.)

in flexible time

tempo rubato

(think in terms of thick or thin)

Homophonic: chordal, medlody usually in the upper part with chords or broken chords in the lower part

Contrapuntal: two or more melodic lines of equal importance combined together Time

Number of beats in a bar (2, 3 or 4); simple or compound

Tonality

major, minor, modal or atonal

Rhythm

(the pattern of note values)

Regular or irregular; describe rhythmic figures (e.g. dotted rhythm, triplets, syncopation)

Articulation

detached, smooth, accented or ornamented

Dynamics

(loud/quiet, gradually getting louder/quieter)

mf; f; ff; mp; p; pp; crescendo; diminusndo