2019天津师范大学文博专硕考研初试真题
[全]《文博综合》考研真题详解
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《文博综合》考研真题详解1古物陈列所[中央民族大学2014年研]答：古物陈列所是我国第一个以皇家藏品为主的博物馆，于1914年在故宫文华殿和武英殿成立，首开皇宫社会化的先河。
它是一个主要保管、陈列清廷辽宁、热河两行宫文物的机构，代表了我国20世纪20年代博物馆的水平，在当时社会产生了广泛而积极的影响。
在1948年3月与故宫博物院合并。
2生态博物馆[中央民族大学2014年研；南京大学2012年研]答：生态博物馆是博物馆中的一个新的类型，它是在人类社会现代环境意识与现代生态意识不断觉醒的背景下产生的。
希微贺给生态博物馆也曾下了如下的定义：“生态博物馆是由地方当局和居民共同筹划、建造和运作的设施。
地方当局负责提供专家、设备和资金，而当地人民则依靠他们自己的意愿、知识和个人力量推动工作。
”3大不列颠博物馆[中央民族大学2014年研]答：大不列颠博物馆是世界上历史最悠久、规模最宏伟的综合性博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最著名的博物馆之一，它是在私人收藏的基础上建立起来的，其奠基人是著名医生汉司·斯隆。
位于英国伦敦新牛津大街北面的罗素广场，成立于1753年，1759年1月15日起正式对公众开放。
大不列颠博物馆收藏了世界各地的许多文物和珍品，及很多伟大科学家的手稿，藏品之丰富、种类之繁多，为全世界博物馆所罕见。
4复原陈列法[中央民族大学2014年研]答：复原陈列法是常用的一种效果较好的陈列方法，按照文物的本来面貌给以科学的复原。
复原的方法有成套文物组合复原法、文物与环境组合复原法、文物与模型组合复原法、文物与图像组合复原法、文物与实际操作组合复原法等，在社会历史类陈列或自然科学类陈列中广泛使用。
它使某些历史现象或自然环境再现于陈列室中，使观众犹如身临其境，有强烈的历史感和真实感。
5博物馆学[南京大学2012年研]答：博物馆学是一门研究博物馆的性质、任务、特征、作用和工作一般特点和规律的学科。
博物馆学的内容有以下几个方面：①博物馆学概论。
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【有变化】天津师范大学文学院2019年与2018年考研参考书目对比-已转档
866 中文专业文学基 础常识
866 中文专业文学基 础常识
635 汉语（古代汉语 及现代汉语） 835 语言文字学基础 （语言学概论及专业 基础） 636 中国古代文学与 古汉语 836 中国古典文献学 637 中国古代文学史 638 中国现代文学评 论写作
635 汉语（古代汉语 及现代汉语） 835 语言文字学基础 （语言学概论及专业 基础） 636 中国古代文学与 古汉语 836 中国古典文献学 637 中国古代文学史 638 中国现代文学评 论写作
639 中国当代文学评 论写作
693 艺出版社，2002 年， 金汉主编；2．《中国当代文学史》北京大学出版社 1999 年，洪子诚主编； 3 ．《中国当代文学史教程》复旦大学 出版社 1999 年版，陈思和主编； 4 ．《中国新文学史》 （下册），高等教育出版社，2013 年，丁帆主编 1.《比较文学通论》南开大学出版社，2003 年，孟昭毅
639 中国当代文学评 论写作
1．《中国当代文学史》北京大学出版社 1999 年，洪子诚 主编；2．《中国当代文学史教程》复旦大学出版社 1999 年版，陈思和主编； 3 ．《中国新文学史》（下册），高 等教育出版社，2013 年，丁帆主编 1.《比较文学通论》南开大学出版社，2003 年，孟昭毅
693 比较文学
天津师范大学文学院 2019 年与 2018 年考研参考书目对比 天津师范大学文学院 2019 年考研参考书目已公布，报考一个学校首先要搜集到的信息非专业目录与招生简章莫属，明确了目 标，才会找准方向，扬帆远航！天津考研网为方便同学们备考特意整理好发布，详情如下：
天津师范大学文学院 2018 年参考书目 666 文学理论基础 1.童庆炳主编 《文学理论教程》高等教育出版社,2008； 2.张少康《中国文学理论批评史教程》北京大学出版社， 1999;3.朱志荣《西方文论史》北京大学出版社，2007。 1.《中国文学史》,高教出版社 2002 年,袁行霈；2.《文 学理论教程》高教出版社 1998 年，童庆炳等 3.《中国现 代文学三十年》北大出版社 1998 年,钱理群等 4.《中国 当代文学发展史》上海文艺出版社 2002，金汉 5.《外国 文学史》(欧美卷、亚非卷)，南开大学出版社 2004 年第 三版,朱维之 1．《古代汉语》(校订重排本）中华书局，1999 年版， 王力；2．《现代汉语》（增订四版）高等教育出版社， 2007 年，黄伯荣、廖序东。 1．《语言学纲要》北京大学出版社 2010 年版， 叶蜚 声、徐通锵；2．《汉字学概说》天津人民出版社 2003 年版，陈燕。 1 ．《古代汉语》 ( 校订重排本）中华书局， 1999 年版， 王力 2．《中国文学史》，高等教育出版社 2002 年，袁 行霈主编。 《文献学概要》，中华书局， 2001 年版，杜泽逊著，或 任选。 1．《中国文学史》，高等教育出版社 2002 年，袁行霈主 编。 1．《中国现代文学三十年》北京大学出版社，1998 年修 订本，钱理群等主编； 2 ．《中国现代文学研究丛刊》； 3 ．《鲁迅研究月刊》；4 ．《中国人民大学复印资料? 中 国现当代文学》。 666 文学理论基础 天津师范大学文学院 2019 年参考书目 1.童庆炳主编 《文学理论教程》高等教育出版社,2008； 2.张少康《中国文学理论批评史教程》北京大学出版社， 1999;3.朱志荣《西方文论史》北京大学出版社，2007。 1.《中国文学史》,高教出版社 2002 年,袁行霈；2.《文 学理论教程》高教出版社 1998 年，童庆炳等 3.《中国现 代文学三十年》北大出版社 1998 年,钱理群等 4. 《中国 当代文学史》北京大学出版社 1999 年，洪子诚主编 5. 《外国文学史》(欧美卷、亚非卷)，南开大学出版社 2004 年第三版,朱维之 1．《古代汉语》(校订重排本）中华书局，1999 年版， 王力；2．《现代汉语》（增订四版）高等教育出版社， 2007 年，黄伯荣、廖序东。 1．《语言学纲要》北京大学出版社 2010 年版， 叶蜚 声、徐通锵；2．《汉字学概说》天津人民出版社 2003 年版，陈燕。 1 ．《古代汉语》 ( 校订重排本）中华书局， 1999 年版， 王力 2．《中国文学史》，高等教育出版社 2002 年，袁 行霈主编。 《文献学概要》，中华书局，2001 年版，杜泽逊著. 1．《中国文学史》，高等教育出版社 2002 年，袁行霈主 编。 1．《中国现代文学三十年》北京大学出版社，1998 年修 订本，钱理群等主编。
天津师范大学文物与博物馆专业考研专业目录2019年与2018年对比一览表
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天津师范大学文物与博物馆专业考研专业目录2019年与2018年对比一览表
相信在备考天津师范大学研究生的同学一定知道专业目录是培养研究生的高等学校、科研机构制定的培养规划。
各
高等学校、科研机构依据专业目录进行招生和培养工作。
具体包含专业代码、名称及研究方向、招生计划人数、考试科目等相关信息。
是考研学子们选择目标院校、目标专业的唯一指定官方文件。
然而，各大高校的专业目录均在9月中旬左右才公布，对按照前一年的专业目录来准备的研友们来说可谓姗姗来迟。
借此，我们天津考研网特别推出专业目录的对比、变化情况的系列专题，以此来消除学子们的复习误区，使复习更加合理化，让学子们尽早把握报考院校拟定专业的招生动态，为考研学子的专业选择之路指明方向！
格瑞斯教育旗下天津考研网，专注考研专业课资料与考研专业课辅导！
以上是天津师范大学文物与博物馆专业的考研专业目录2018年与2019年的对比情况，从对比文件可以看出，天津师范大学文物与博物馆专业的考研专业目录没有发生变化。
所以，报考该校的研友们可以安心的按照已定的专业进行有计划的复习备考。
天津师范大学文物与博物馆专业考研资料请到天津考研网官网咨询查看。
天津师范大学新传考研334、440历年真题2018-2022
天津师范大学新传考研真题合集（2018-2022）一、真题解析天津师范大学的出题风格较为稳定，如果能对参考书目有着十分清晰的掌握，对各个知识点能够熟练背诵并运用，基本上就成功一半了；如果能够平时多积累一些数据、实例、产品、成果，并巧妙使用金句，注重答题结构，那么得分过程将更加稳妥！无论是学硕还是专硕，我们可以根据题目来分析每本参考书的重要程度，以及每本书中的重要知识点，以此来获得绝大多数分值；通过关注学界和社会形势，根据热点和痛点来预测可能出现的新题目。
此外，有些领域的题目是天师大会反复，甚至会连续出现的内容，因此需要我们高度重视，对历年真题梳理回顾。
二、近五年真题天津师范大学新闻传播学硕真题（一）2021年真题展示674新闻传播理论与历史1.浅谈媒介生态演变的技术逻辑。
2.简析“传播观”。
3.中国共产党成立初期的代表报刊及其特点。
4.发展中国家关于建立国际新闻新秩序的构想。
874新闻与传播实务一、简答题1.简述新闻采访决定新闻写作的原因。
2.简述公共关系的四种模式。
3.简述危机传播管理的事实路径。
4.简述专业媒体应用社会化媒体的方式。
二、论述题试述网络中“沉默的螺旋”的形成机制，不少于800字。
三、新闻写作2020年上半年是新冠疫情的重要抗疫时间，很多地区出台了一线医务人员子女中考加分政策，引发社会各议，题目自拟，不少于800字。
四、实践题材料提供的是a市b县c工业区着火时间线从11:00到第二天10:00有消防队的采访记者目击厂区人员医务人员身为一名记者写不少于两篇新闻报道每篇不少于600字标明平台发布时间时间在当日12:00到次日12:00期间可以一篇一个平台也可多个平台平台有:报纸期刊抖音微博微信公众号。
（二）2020年真题展示674新闻传播理论与历史一、简答题1.新闻报道的一般规律。
2.新闻法治与新闻法制的关系。
3.卫国战争时期。
二、论述题1.传播学是一门影响广泛的新兴学科，试举例说明。
[全]《文博综合》考研真题详解
《文博综合》考研真题详解1古物陈列所[中央民族大学2014年研]答：古物陈列所是我国第一个以皇家藏品为主的博物馆，于1914年在故宫文华殿和武英殿成立，首开皇宫社会化的先河。
它是一个主要保管、陈列清廷辽宁、热河两行宫文物的机构，代表了我国20世纪20年代博物馆的水平，在当时社会产生了广泛而积极的影响。
在1948年3月与故宫博物院合并。
2生态博物馆[中央民族大学2014年研；南京大学2012年研]答：生态博物馆是博物馆中的一个新的类型，它是在人类社会现代环境意识与现代生态意识不断觉醒的背景下产生的。
希微贺给生态博物馆也曾下了如下的定义：“生态博物馆是由地方当局和居民共同筹划、建造和运作的设施。
地方当局负责提供专家、设备和资金，而当地人民则依靠他们自己的意愿、知识和个人力量推动工作。
”3大不列颠博物馆[中央民族大学2014年研]答：大不列颠博物馆是世界上历史最悠久、规模最宏伟的综合性博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最著名的博物馆之一，它是在私人收藏的基础上建立起来的，其奠基人是著名医生汉司·斯隆。
位于英国伦敦新牛津大街北面的罗素广场，成立于1753年，1759年1月15日起正式对公众开放。
大不列颠博物馆收藏了世界各地的许多文物和珍品，及很多伟大科学家的手稿，藏品之丰富、种类之繁多，为全世界博物馆所罕见。
4复原陈列法[中央民族大学2014年研]答：复原陈列法是常用的一种效果较好的陈列方法，按照文物的本来面貌给以科学的复原。
复原的方法有成套文物组合复原法、文物与环境组合复原法、文物与模型组合复原法、文物与图像组合复原法、文物与实际操作组合复原法等，在社会历史类陈列或自然科学类陈列中广泛使用。
它使某些历史现象或自然环境再现于陈列室中，使观众犹如身临其境，有强烈的历史感和真实感。
5博物馆学[南京大学2012年研]答：博物馆学是一门研究博物馆的性质、任务、特征、作用和工作一般特点和规律的学科。
博物馆学的内容有以下几个方面：①博物馆学概论。
天津师范大学硕士研究生入学考试试题1
天津师范大学硕士研究生入学考试试题08年试题名称：新闻传播学史论专业名称：新闻学传播学研究方向：新闻理论新闻史新闻业务媒介经营管理传播理论传播史应用传播广告传播大众传播与社会发展中外新闻传播史试题一、解释题（每题5分）1、《人们之友报》（法国）2、《法兰西共和国公报》3、“开元杂报”二、简答题（每题15分）1、简述各国广播电视机构的所有制和经营管理机制2、简述《真理报》在十月革命前在俄国革命运动中的重要作用3、简述新记《大公报》创办之初的独特风格三、论述题（共20分）论述新中国建立初期，在我国基本完成社会主义改造的7年中，经济生产宣传报道的主要内容。
新闻传播学理论试题一、解释题（20分）1、传播的说服性效果研究2、群体规范在群体传播中的作用3、“沉默的螺旋”理论假说的三个基本命题4、新闻真实的基本内涵二、论述题（30分）1、简述人类社会信息传播系统经历的功能分化与统合的历史过程2、简述新闻价值规律与宣传规律之间的关系三、述题（20分）“新世界信息秩序”论争的历史背景、主要内容及其当代意义试题名称：新闻与传播实务一、简答题（每题20分）1、新闻稿件校正的具体内容2、垂直思考法与水平思考法的含义及其差异3、新闻采访的临时准备工作要点二、分析题（每题20分）从中央电视台现有各类固定栏目或节目中任选其一，分析其特点。
要求既有理论阐述，也有策略性、操作性分析，要用实例说明观点。
三、述评题（本题30分）结合下属背景资料，写一篇新闻述评，内容包含对正确的广告策划创意的看法。
要求字数在500字以上。
背景资料：2007年9月25日，国家广电总局再次严令禁播八类涉性药品、医药、保健品广告及有关医疗咨询、电视购物节目。
广电总局指出，非法的“性药品”广告及其他不良广告对社会危害极大，不仅严重误导消费者，损害人民群众的健康，而且污染社会环境，败坏社会风气，还直接影响广播电视的社会公信力。
四、策划题（本题40分）第29届奥林匹克运动会即将在我国举办，请以一个新闻记者的视角谈谈你对本届奥运会新闻报道活动的设想与建议。
文博考研试题及答案
文博考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 文物保护的主要目的是什么？A. 增加旅游收入B. 提供历史研究资料C. 促进文化传承D. 作为战争赔偿答案：C2. 下列哪项不是博物馆的基本功能？A. 收藏B. 研究C. 展示D. 销售答案：D3. 文物鉴定中，对文物年代的判断主要依据是什么？A. 文物的外观B. 文物的材质C. 文物的制作工艺D. 文物的历史文献记录答案：D4. 在文物修复过程中，以下哪项做法是不正确的？A. 尽可能使用原始材料B. 保持文物的原貌C. 完全恢复文物的原始状态D. 记录修复过程答案：C5. 下列哪项不是文化遗产保护的国际公约？A. 世界遗产公约B. 非物质文化遗产公约C. 罗马公约D. 保护水下文化遗产公约答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. 文物的分类通常包括_______、_______和_______。
答案：可移动文物；不可移动文物；水下文物7. 博物馆的展览设计应遵循_______、_______和_______的原则。
答案：教育性；科学性；艺术性8. 文物保护的基本原则包括原真性、完整性和_______。
答案：可持续性9. 考古发掘中，对出土文物进行清洗时，应使用_______的溶液。
答案：中性10. 非物质文化遗产的保护方式主要包括记录、_______、_______和振兴。
答案：保存；传承三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述文物保护的意义。
答案：文物保护的意义在于保存历史信息，传承文化遗产，促进文化交流，增强民族认同感，以及为历史研究提供实物证据。
12. 阐述博物馆在社会教育中的作用。
答案：博物馆在社会教育中的作用包括提供知识普及的平台，增进公众对历史和文化的理解，激发学习兴趣，培养审美和批判性思维能力，以及促进终身学习。
四、论述题（每题20分，共40分）13. 论述文物修复的基本原则及其在实际操作中的应用。
答案：文物修复的基本原则包括最小干预原则、可逆性原则、可识别性原则和使用恰当材料原则。
天津师范大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
天津师范大学2019年博士研究生入学考试英语试题博士研究生入学考试英语试题考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Section A Short dialoguesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).1. A. He lost the calculator.B. He doesn’t know where the calculator is.C. He thinks he broke the calculator.D. He doesn’t know the answer to the problem.2. A. He lost it.B. He used it last night.C. He was the last to use it.D. He finally brought it back.3. A. The woman should buy some new trousers.B. The woman should buy some clothes for larger size.C. The woman should eat less.D. The woman should do exercises.4. A. At a theater.B. At a booking office.C. At a railway station.D. At a restaurant.5. A. The size of the room.B. Long working hours.C. The hot weather.D. The fan in the room.Section B PassagesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One6. A. A dozen.B. Two dozen.C. A half dozen.D. Five dozen.7. A. They don’t stay fresh very long.B. They smell nice.C. They are too expensive.D. They aren’t very pretty.8. A. Oil and vinegar.B. Sugar and white vinegar.C. Sugar and oil.D. Aspirin.Passage Two9. A. Miller was loved by her parents.B. Miller was loved by her sisters.C. Miller was loved by her brothers.D. Miller enjoyed a happy life as a child.10. A. Maths.B. painting.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.Section C Summary writingDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read, you are required to write a summary of about 60 words on Answer Sheet II.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words or phrases in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence or replace the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).11. There has been a decline _______ the number of people borrowing from public libraries.A. onB. inC. withD. at12. The harder a student studies, _______.A. the more his body gives off heatB. his body gives off more heatC. the more heat does his body gives offD. the more heat his body gives off13. When she heard the bad news, she _______completely.A. broke awayB. broke downC. broke outD. broke through14. The clerk muttered under his breath as he brought the _______ the tenth pair of shoes.A. clientB. attorneyC. agentD. consumer15. Association refers to _______ the material we want to remember and _______ it to something we remember accurately.A. taking … relatingB. take … relateC. taking … relateD. take … relating16. They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A. fruitfulB. beneficialC. validD. effective17. With the help of a metal detector, they discovered that wreckage lay _______ over a 2,000-square-feet area, often buried beneath sand and seaweed.A. scatteredB. separatedC. dispersedD. distributed18. It was his wife’s encouragement that had _______ his through the bad times.A. deliveredB. relievedC. sentD. brought19. The distance from the Earth to the spacecraft is often determined very accuratelyfrom the time _______ between two radio signals.A. interactionB. alternativeC. interferenceD. interval20. Finding himself trapped in the Death Valley, he had a sudden feeling of _______.A. despairB. desperateC. frightenedD. dreadful21. In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep pace with the rapid changes ofsociety.A. take stepB. match upC. keep in touchD. make progress22. If decisions are delayed until the problems become worse, possibilities for effective actions will be severely reduced.A. optionsB. notionsC. fortunesD. occasions23. You can add the fluid to the powder, or, vice versa, the powder to the fluid.A. conventionallyB. convertiblyC. converselyD. conversationally24. She anxiously inspected the faces of the men leaving the train in the hope of find her husband.A. approachedB. searchedC. scannedD. recalled25. In Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries.A. looked likeB. varied withC. thought forD. supposed as26. With an old screwdriver he rasped the mortar away from around one of the bricks in the endwall.A. scrapedB. brushedC. pulledD. ported27. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free tax-supported schools must be established inevery town having 50 household or more.A. foundedB. foundC. formulatedD. funded28. He said that he had never come across a painting which pleased him more.A. seen aboutB. viewed asC. happened toD. met with29. My book is practically finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.A. virtuallyB. verticallyC. violentlyD. visually30. The teacher congratulated the student who won the prize in the speech contest.A. consoledB. comfortedC. applaudedD. consultedPart III Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Scientists searching for precious metals have turned to the ocean floor, where natural chimneys are spewing out a metal-enriched black dust containing particles of gold, silver and zinc.Scientists 31 these hot springs are recreating the process which, billions of years ago, created 32 metal deposits now found on land.The discovery is giving geologists a 33 into the earth’s early history and fuelling some new theories on origin of life.It also has huge implications for 34 companies.Geologists are just beginning to understand how these chimneys, 35 clusters of sulphur and minerals, are formed, and what makes them spew out the mineralized dust.At present it is not commercially 36 for mining companies to operate beneath the sea, although some scientists believe the “black smokers”, 37 known as active mineralizing systems, will be a major—and renewable —source of metals in the next decade.38 the meantime, mining companies are using the ocean-floor research to locate similar deposits on land.“The hottest thing in the mining r esearch game right now is the39 within the past few years of mineral deposits currently forming—in front of our eyes—on the ocean floor,” said Dr. Joseph Fox, a Montreal (加拿大蒙特利尔) geologist.Canada has mined some of the richest copper, zinc and gold 40 in the world. In the past year, mining companies have usedknowledge about where mineral formations 41 on the ocean floor to find the deposits on land.Geologists are excited because, 42 metal deposits on land, which are two or three billion years old, the undersea deposits keep 43 themselves.“It’s really incredible to think that we have a renewable metal resource44 we’ve been taught to think of metal resources as non-renewable,” Fox said.The 30-foot-high (10-metre) chimneys or vents, 45 in 1979, are found a long fractures in the ocean’s crust.Scientists believe the deposits form when cold sea-water seeps into the fractures, leaving metals 46 it is drawn down.As the water travels in the direction of the earth’s core, it47 up. Eventually, the hot water rises, carrying with it the hot metal sulphide 48 the ocean floor.When the hot sulphide meets the cold sea water, a thick black smoke-like substance is formed, spewing out of vents in built-up deposits of 49 .The particles in the smoke eventually 50 on the ocean floor, forming vast solid sheets of metal sulphide. 31. A. believe B. thought C. uncover D. found32. A. smooth B. tiny C. vast D. rust33. A. chance B. revision C. weapon D. glimpse34. A. metal B. mining C. alloy D. global35. A. made of B. consisting in C. resulted from D. dealing with36. A. periodic B. reliable C. comparative D. feasible37. A. formally B. chiefly C. economically D. occasionally38. A. At B. On C. In D. For39. A. invention B. discovery C. findings D. theory40. A. samples B. deposits C. mines D. fractions41. A. range B. suffer C. occur D. form42. A. unlike B. like C. as D. except43. A. to renew B. renewing C. having renewed D. to be renewed44. A. before B. until C. because D. when45. A. broken B. fixed C. discovered D. originated46. A. since B. as C. for D. whereas47. A. speeds B. goes C. gives D. heats48. A. from B. on C. toward D. beyond49. A. sulphide B. substance C. deposits D. element50. A. rely B. move C. turn D. settlePart IV Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage One Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. None did the lapses appear to be entirely random.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earnings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programmethemselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing—an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest. These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses—12.5 compared with 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse—even dangerous.51. In this study Professor Smith asked the subjects _______.A. to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB. to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC. to analyze their awkward experiences scientificallyD. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally52. Professor Smith discovered that _______.A. certain patterns can be indentified in the recorded incidentsB. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC. men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness53. “Programme assembly failures (Sentence 6, Paragraph 2)” refers to the phenomenon thatpeople _______.A. often fail to programme their routines beforehandB. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC. unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD. are likely to mess thing up if they are too tired54. We learn from the third paragraph that _______.A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations55. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC. people should be careful when programming their actionsD. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; thecutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right side or left side of the body.Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutter like. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws farther diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmer. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a stutter. Removal of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and regenerated claws retain their original structures.These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact, but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher. To test this hypothesis,researchers raised lobsters inthe juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobster could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by borrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.56. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A. drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handedness in humansB. discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry is determined inlobstersC. explaining differences between lobsters’ crusher claws and cutter clawsD. developing a method for predicating whether crusher claws in lobsters will appear onthe left or right side57. Which of the following experimental result, if observed, would most clearly contradict thefindings of Victor Emmer?A. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fifth stage and acrusher claw develops on theright side.B. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theleft side.C. A left cutter like claw is removed in the sixth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.D. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.58. It can be inferred from the passage that one difference between lobsters in the earlier stagesof development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the earlystages are _______.A. more likely to regenerate a lost clawB. more likely to replace a crusher claw with a cutter clawC. likely to be less symmetricalD. likely to be less active59. Which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possible cause for the failureof a lobster to develop a crusher claw?A. The loss of a claw during the third or earlier stage of development.B. The loss of a claw during the fourth or fifth stage of development.C. The loss of a claw during the sixth stage of development.D. Development in an environment devoid of material that can be manipulated.60. The author regards the idea that differentiation is triggered randomly when paired clawsremain intact as _______.A. irrefutable considering the authoritative nature of Emmer’s observationsB. contradictory to conventional thinking on lobster-claw differentiationC. likely in view of present evidenceD. purely speculative because it is based on scattered research and experimentationPassage Threephysical chemist who divides his time between the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, has a goal to create a computer model of how the cell works so that someday he’ll be able to desig n his own cells from scratch.It’s a daunting task. A single enzyme in a liver c ell may be controlled by as many as 14 different regulatory processes. Multiply that by thousands of interconnected chemical reactions operating simultaneously in billions of cells, and you’ve got one incredibly complex system.Enter a computer program called SPICE (Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Evaluation), developed at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1970s. SPICE allowed engineers to analyze their electronic circuits and predict, more or less accurately, how they would work before they were actually built. There would always be problems to iron out, but at least the program pointed chip designers in the right direction.Arkin is developing a similar program he calls bio/SPICE that he hopes will do for the cell what SPICE did for the chip. His firsttargets are simple bacteria. “They’re still complicated enough that we get depressed,” Arkin admits with a laugh. But he has already had some success grouping reactions together by the kinds of jobs they do. And, sure enough, some of them bear a remarkable resemblance to the gates and switches of an electronic circuit.Of course, no one knows for sure whether Arkin or anyone else will be able to develop a working computer model of the cell. But it’s the sort of project that could keep sc ientists busy for another 100 years.61. In the first paragraph, “… what makes them tick …” means _______.A. why something operates as it doesB. what makes cells thick and then block in blood streamsC. what cells consist ofD. how cells are born and die62. What do we learn from the passage?A. What Arkin intends to achieve is unprecedented.B. Arkin has just followed the past biologists’ footprints and nothing newC. Arkin, based on the work of others, wants to build a computer model of his ownD. To de sign one’s own cells is what biologists have dreamed of for almost a century.63. Which of the following adjectives can best describe the task Arkin is engaged in?A. Challenging.B. Delicate.C. Simple.D. Depressing.64. How is Arkin getting on with his work?A. Getting nowhere.B. Getting somewhere.C. There is a bigger breakthrough.D. There is a remarkable resemblance found in his research.65. What is the author’s attitude towards Arkin’s research?A. Suspicious.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.Passage FourGetting ready to go back to school in the good old days of, say, 1998 meant a few trips to the mall and a quick check of the bus route. This year, for many parents, there are some new things to remember: The teacher’s e-mail address, the school’s website and which night online homework helps chat will be offered. “The 1999-2000 school year will be the one when the majority of parents really feel the Internet’s influence on their children’s education at the everyday level,” says Jonathan Carson, chairman of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology: Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendar and view nightly homework assignments—all online. “The schools are wired,” says Carson. “A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”Over the summer, parents of high school German students in Ithaca, N.Y. got to be part of a class to Europe, through theirhome computers. The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page. Hazy Ash, father of 16-year-old traveler Bria n, found it reassuring to see his son’s smiling face from half a world away. Before their kids left, parents had checked the site for scheduling information, a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.When it’s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parents and the school, says Cynthia Lapier, Ithaca’s director of information and instructional technology. “The more you can involve parents in school, the better,” Lapier says. “The technology gives us another way to reach them, especially parents of secondary school students, who tend to b e less involved.”Ithaca High School physics teacher, Stever Wirt, gets e-mail from parents regularly, some from the parents he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern. Using software called Blackboard Course Info, Wirt conducts online chats with his students often reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.The way things are going, by the end of this year, many parents may be fully converted—and in fact dependent upon their school’s technological capabilities. At a recently wired school in Novi, Michigan, the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website. In that time, more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information. “A year ago, it never would have bee n there,” says Carson. And now parents are finding it’s tough to get by without it.在像1998年那样经济繁荣的岁月里，父母为孩子开学返校需要做的准备工作包括去逛几次商场和文具店, 快速核实一下校车路线。
[2019初试真题回忆]
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[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年天津师范大学文学基础常识真题回忆（866）
文艺理论
名词解释艺术构思文学批评
简答题简述文学的认识功能
另一个记不太清了
古代文学
名词解释建安文学西昆体今古奇观
作品分析题
辛弃疾《水龙吟》
《惊梦》
现当代文学
名词解释《芙蓉镇》第四次文代会海子林译小说《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》
外国文学
名词解释但丁人文主义启蒙运动《红与黑》
简答题
1.结合具体作品，说明古希腊悲剧的特点。
2.以作品为例，谈谈浪漫主义文学的特点。
（有一些记不太清了，要是能想起来再补充。
）。
2019年天津师范大学招聘试题及答案解析 .doc
2019年天津师范大学招聘试题及答案解析1、西周末年思想家史伯说：“和实物生，同则不继。
以它平它谓之和，故能丰长而物归之。
”这句话包含的辩证法思想是（）。
多项选择题A、矛盾的同一是包含差别的同一B、对立统一是事物发展的动力C、不包含内部差别的事物就不能存在和发展D、矛盾的一方只有克服另一方才能达到统一【答案】A,B,C【解析】政治常识本题考查对唯物辩证法中矛盾的含义与作用的理解与应用能力。
矛盾是事物与事物之间、事物内部诸要素之间的既对立又统一的关系。
矛盾的基本属性是矛盾的同一性和矛盾的斗争性。
矛盾的同一性是指矛盾双方的相互依存和相互贯通。
此题出自《国语·郑语》，引文的意思是：不同性质的五材相结合，才生成和构成了丰富多彩的万事万物;“以它平它”之“和”指有差别的对立事物之间和谐统一。
由此可见，A、B、C是正确选项。
干扰项D与引文的思想相背，应予排除。
由此可见，A、B、C是正确选项。
D 项与引文的思想相悖，应予排除。
2、1987年，中共十三大制定了社会主义初级阶段的基本路线，其主要内容的顺序是（）。
①以经济建设为中心②自力更生，艰苦创业③坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放④领导和团结全国各族人民⑤为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗单项选择题A、①②③④⑤B、③④①②⑤C、④①③②⑤D、①③②⑤④【答案】C【解析】1987年，中共十三大以社会主义初级阶段理论，确立了党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线：领导和团结全国各族人民，以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放，自力更生，艰苦创业，为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗。
”3、在苏维埃俄国，提出并领导实施新经济政策的是（）。
单项选择题A、列宁B、斯大林C、布哈拉D、赫鲁晓夫【答案】A【解析】1921年春，苏维埃俄国击退了外国武装干涉，平息了国内叛乱，开始了和平建设时期，这时列宁果断地结束战时共产主义，转而实行新经济政策，苏维埃俄国进人了新经济政策时期。
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2019天津師范大学文博专硕考研初试真題
一、名司解釋:(毎題10分，共90分)
1、前蜀王建墓
2、夭沙窰
3、毛公鼎
4、張謇
5、水晶宮展気
6、北疆博物院
7、考古学
8、黄脇魎湊
9、石茆遠址
二、筒答題(毎題20分,共120分)
1、筒述文物絶対年代的主要測定方法原理及遁申范囿.
2、筒述广双三星堆遺址及其价値.
3、我国如何迸行藏品定級,カ什幺悦藏品定級不是一蒡永逸的昵?
4、筒述淡縁色粉状銹対臠粡器的危害
5、筒述考古学文化命名虚遵循的原則
6、'筒述考古友搗竝注意的何題.
三、’论述題(毎題30分,共90分)
1、式沱述近現代建筑的保択和利用
2、式沱述藏品征集的途径。
3、沱述考古学対研究古代社会的重要作用.。