3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别
独立主格和with的复合结构和非谓语的区别独立主格和with的复合结构以及非谓语动词是英语语法中常见的三种结构。
独立主格是指包含一个名词或代词和一个动词分词的结构，该结构通常用于修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“天空阴沉着，他走进了房间”，其中“天空阴沉着”是独立主格，用来描述整个句子的气氛。
与独立主格类似的是with的复合结构。
它由一个名词或代词和一个带有介词with的短语组成，通常也用来修饰整个句子的一部分。
例如，“与他一起工作的人都很聪明”，其中“与他一起工作的人”是with的复合结构。
非谓语动词则是指动词的一种形式，不带有主语和谓语，通常用于修饰名词或代词。
例如，“我喜欢看漫画书”，其中“看漫画书”是非谓语动词。
虽然这三种结构相似，但它们之间还是有区别的。
独立主格和with的复合结构通常用来修饰整个句子或一个名词或代词，而非谓语动词则通常用来修饰名词或代词。
同时，非谓语动词还可以用来表示时间、原因、目的等概念。
因此，在使用这些结构时，需要根据具体的语境和需要来选择合适的结构。
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with复合结构和独立主格结构
with复合结构和独立主格结构独立主格结构和with / without复合结构1.概念:独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。
2.结构: 名词/代词+ 非谓语（doing & todo & done 形容词&副词介词短语Taking your age into consideration, y ou’d better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration, you’d better not go hik ing.(Ⅰ) 名词/代词+分词(过去分词done & 现在分词doing当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________, they left the meeting– room.（问题解决了）（settle）2.____________ , we`ll go there on foot.(时间允许的话)(permit)3.He was lying on the grass, __________________________(他的手交叉在手下) (cross)(Ⅱ)名词/代词+ (being) 形容词1._________________, he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了)2. He entered the house, ___________________（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红)(Ⅲ)名词／代词＋（being) 副词He put on his socks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名词／代词＋不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. (2005湖南)A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed2.__________________________ (最后一个人的到来)，our party will start.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名词／代词＋介词短语在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。
with 的复合结构和独立主格
1 With 的复合结构（with+ 复合宾语）with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。
With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式（to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作，用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作，则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行，若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作，即所谓的主动，则用doing ; 若是被动，则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束，动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说，我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉，就成了独立主格结构了。
如： She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解：hand 是被举起的，表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词，这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是，独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的，可以这样想：独立主格也是状语，所以不能使用谓语动词。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
英语高考独立主格及with复合结构
独立主格及with的复合结构【考点概述】非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中作状语, 用来表示行为方式、伴随情况或者时间、原因和条件等。
这种结构我们称之为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的特点是：（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
（2）名词或者代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
（3）独立主格结构后一般有逗号。
with 的复合结构是独立主格的一种特殊形式,是高考必考的考点。
【高考真题收集】1.(07,重庆卷)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. went finished2.(07,山东卷)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched3.(05,湖南卷)I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed 4.4. ( 05 ,北京卷) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________ .A. going onB. goes onC. went toD. to go on5. (09 全国卷Ⅰ,35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __________ ?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take6. (06 陕西卷) With no one to ________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.A. turn toB. turn onC. turn offD. turn over【考点扫描】考点一：独立主格结构的形式独立主格结构常见的构成形式有：1.名词或代词+ 现在分词如：Time (Weather) permitting, we shall have a picnic this weekend.Aluminium being very soft, we can press it easily into any shape desired.The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.2.名词或代词+ 过去分词如：The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.The job finished, we went home straight away.The sum added, we’ll have enough money for the trip.注意：用现在分词还是过去分词，要看前面的名词或代词与后面动词的关系。
高考英语语法复习——独立主格及with的复合结构
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4. ( 05 ,北京卷) I couldn ’ t do my homework with all that noise ________ .Βιβλιοθήκη •• • • • •
A. going on B. goes on C. went to D. to go on
5. (09 全国卷Ⅰ,35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __________ ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 6. (06 陕西卷) With no one to ________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. A. turn to B. turn on C. turn off D. turn over Key: 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 2.名词或代词 + 过去分词
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如： The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
【考点训练】
• 一、单项填空
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1. (09 成都第二次诊断性检测，3) ______ time going on, what he said proved true.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through 2. (09 桂林调研卷,32) With a lot of tough problems ______ , the manager was as nervous as a cat on hot bricks.
7.精品-独立主格结构和with的复合结构
高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit youtomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
with的复合结构和独立主格结构.docx
.1. with+ 宾语 +形容词。
比如： . The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his barechest.那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don ’ttalk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2.with+ 宾语 + 副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away.你不在，多没劲儿呀！ 3.with+ 宾语 + 过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed.他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent.她低着头坐着。
4.with+ 宾语 + 现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5.with+ 宾语 + 介词短语。
比如： He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son inher arms.那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6.with+ 宾语 + 动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film.下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
学习with复合宾语结构和独立主格结构
2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如： 1._________, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2.__________, the train started. A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3._________, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
2、时间状语 1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on 2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy. A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled 3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done
独立主格结构和with复合结构
Withr a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步去了。
2. with+名词(代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
The meeting over(=After themeetingwasover), they all went home.会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二．with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构，用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况：
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里，他的狗在外面。
He came out of the library,witha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，如果有并列连词或从属连词，则用完整的谓语动词形式。
高考英语独立主格结构和with复合结构
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，如果有并列连词或从属连词，则用完整的谓语动词形式。
The exam to be held tomorrow(=Because the exam will be held tomorrow),Ican’t go to the cinematonight.由于明天要考试，我今夜不能去看电影。
2.名词(代词)+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
So many people absent(=Because somany peoplewereabsent), the meeting had to be called off.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
名词/代词+having beendone(表被动且完成)
名词/代词+to do/ to be done（表将来）
Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we’ll go out for a walk.如果天气允许，我们将出去散散步。
The boys rushed out, each carrying a schoolbag (=and each was carrying a schoolbag).孩子们跑了出来，每人背着一个书包。
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构
With 的复合宾语结构及分词的独立主格结构with 的复合宾语结构是高考的一个重点；分词的独立主格结构不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，该结构放在句首或句尾。
两者的语法功能和结构是相同的。
即两者在句中作状语，独立主格结构前加with 就构成了with的复合宾语结构。
㈠with 的复合宾语结构1.With+名词或代词+v-ingWith the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. <伴随状语>=While____________________________________________________.With Peter working in Birmingham and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty. <原因状语>=Because _________________________________________________.With time going on, our life is becoming more beautiful. <时间状语>= As______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上主谓关系，即主动关系。
2. With+名词或代词+v-edWith the decision made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.=After ___________________________________________________.With the job finished, we went home straight away.=Because___________________________________________________.With more time given, I’ll explain this item in detail.=If _______________________________________________________.※with后名词或代词与后面动词存在逻辑上动宾关系，即被动关系。
With复合结构与独立主格结构
一：With复合结构与独立主格结构with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种结构形式。
从某种意义上说，它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。
它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。
虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。
抓住这一点，就可以把二者融会贯通，从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）请看下例：一、作时间状语1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday.=Our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday. 3、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.4、With the wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.=The wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.二、作原因状语5、With it being Sunday, the library was closed.=It being Sunday, the library was closed.6、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.=The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 7、With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from home.=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.（注意此处的we 不得改成us，用了us便不是独立主格结构了。
独立主格结构和with+复合宾语结构
独立主格结构和with＋复合宾语结构发表时间：2011-08-16T10:30:31.843Z 来源：《学英语》(高中教师版）2011年第38期供稿作者：周文健[导读] 通过阐明这两种结构的内在关系，掌握和运用独立主格结构就有了一定的基础。
湖南桃源县第三中学周文健在英语里,独立主格结构和with＋复合宾语结构是两种关系非常紧密的句法结构,近年来是各种考试检测的热点和重点。
有的人认为这是两种不同的结构,也有的人把with＋复合宾语结构归入独立主格结构中,认为with＋复合宾语结构是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式。
这两者之间一般可以转换。
这两种结构既有相似点，又有差异。
在教学过程中，发现学生对这两种结构的认识和理解既不全面，也不透彻。
我根据自己多年的教学经验，觉得用对比法来学习，很容易掌握这两种结构，并能熟练运用，应对各类考试。
在这里，我还是把它们作为两种不同的结构来说明。
一、独立主格结构1.独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是由一个名词或者主格代词加上其它成分（分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语）构成。
名词和代词相当于逻辑主语，其它部分相当于谓语。
这种结构在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子。
2.独立主格结构的基本构成及功能独立主格结构主要起状语的作用，相当于一个状语从句，一般用来表示行为方式、伴随情况等，也可以用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
㈠独立主格结构的基本构成名词或代词＋分词名词或代词是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑的主谓关系；名词或代词是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。
The experiment done ，the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了，同学们继续在试验报告上做记录。
He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. 他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。
3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构
法通霸3：独立主格结构和wit h的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构 的 错误的（参 P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引 源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×时 的成 。
为：His homework finished, he went out to play. 成 独立主格结构。
独立主格结构 复杂内容。
的方法：含 be的be去 （主系 结构原因的 be也 为g）； 含be的 和主主 关系的 为现 ； 关系的为去 ； 将来 的 为 定式。
习：合并下列 画线 改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.e d at home. His face was red.3.h edd s.4.t. w ing me.5.I had to stay at home.o rk had to be done.6.y. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名 (代 )+现 （与 构成主 关系）e r , we are to youtomorrow.②名 (代 )+ 去 （与 构成 关系）our hol a y.③名 (代 )+ 定式（ 将来）He suggested d e the food.④名 (代 )+副The game over, the crowdrushed to the exit.⑤名 (代 )+形容r came in, his face red with cold.⑥名 (代 ) +介 短He came out of the r y, a book un his arm.⑦名 (代 ) +名.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的 和联系下 ：①g.（ with的复合结构）②, the bus got g.( 独立主格结构)时 独立主格结构和with的复合结构 法 的 通 、去with。
“with+复合宾语”结构与独立主格结构
“with+复合宾语”结构与独立主格结构崔长平河南遂平一高（463100）“with+复合宾语”结构和独立主格结构是涉及到非谓语动词用法的两个主要结构，也是学生不易掌握的两个用法。
现将其基本构成及一般用法分陈如下：Ⅰ.“with＋复合宾语结构”通常有以下五种构成形式：①with＋宾语＋动词不定式（或动词不定式短语）（本结构中的动词不定式视具体情况可以是一般式、完成式或被动式。
）e.g. With her to help me，I feel quite at ease.He was left alone with no one to look after him.With him to give us a lead，our team is bound to turn out well.②with＋宾语＋现在分词（或现在分词短语）（本结构中若使用现在分词的主动形式，说明宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上主动的主谓关系；若现在分词使用了被动形式，则说明宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上被动的主谓关系。
）e.g. I saw her driving along，with her hair streaming in the wind.Peter soon fell asleep with the light still burning.I won′t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered glob，with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.With the boy leading the way，we found his house with no difficulty.③with＋宾语＋过去分词（或过去分词短语）（在本结构中，宾语和宾补之间存在着逻辑上被动的主谓关系，）e.g. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.She sat there with her head bent.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.④with＋宾语＋介词短语e.g. The peasants walked to the fields with hoes and spades on their shoulders.Mr. Smith came into the classroom with a ruler under his arm and a thick book in his hand.He looked at his son，one hundred paces away with an apple on his head.Bamboo grows up straight and thin，with branches at the top.She left the office with tears in her eyes.⑤with ＋宾语＋形容词（短语）或副词（短语）e.g. It is rude to speak with your mouth full.He used to sleep with the windows open.With John away，we have got more room.The streets looked more beautiful with all the lights on.“with＋复合宾语结构”的否定形式是“without＋复合宾语结构”。
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高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引用源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed tothe exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red withcold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them womenand children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。
The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。
在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。
但 with 的复合结构不受限制。
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-electedpresident is having a hard time. A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the postoffice.A. buyingB. to buyC. boughtD. to be bought3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.A. was cut offB. being cut offC. cut offD. having cutoff4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believedthemselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals andplants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC.WithD. By6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with adining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story intodetails.A. stoodB. standingC. to standD. were standing8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supperin the park with their pet dog ______ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shoutedthe words ______ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hiddenD. filled; hiding10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______the way ______ to ZhongshanPark.A. leading; finding; leadingB. to lead; found; to leadC. led; finding; ledD. leading; found; led11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking afterher.A. Being illB. His wife was illC. His wife being illD. Because he was ill12.______,John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summervacation is overC. Because the summer vacation overD. After the summer vacation being over13. The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ______ and itslegs ______.A. closed; trembledB. closing; tremblingC. closed; tremblingD. closing; trembled. 14. 【2012全国新课标】The party will be held in the garden,weather ______.A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit 15. We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point instaying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having 16. All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, manypassengers could do nothing but take the train. A. were canceledB. having been canceled C. had been canceledD. have been canceled 考点3. 独立主格结构与定语从句由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。
17.He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into aA. themB. whichC . itD. what 18. You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a potto grow young plants in.A. the top isB. the top of whichC. whose topD. with its top 19. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced bya number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that 20. The English mayors, most of ______ girls, seldom win inthe sports competitions.A. themB. whomC. theyD. the 21. To find out, Frisch built special hives, ______ only onehoney-comb.A. each withB. each hasC. each is withD. each of which having 考点4. 独立主格结构与状语从句状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。