3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构

高中英语语法通霸3：

独立主格结构和with的复合结构

考点1.独立主格结构的构成

A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语

前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。

His homework was finished, he went out to play.×

这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为：

His homework finished, he went out to play.

这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。

破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。

练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。

1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.

2.He arrived at home. His face was red.

3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football

with my friends.

4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.

5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.

6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.

B.独立主格结构的构成

①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou

tomorrow.

②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）

The test finished, we began our holiday.

③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）

He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.

④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to

the exit.

⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with

cold.

⑥名词(代词) +介词短语

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women

and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：

①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.

（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)

可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。

The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.

背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。

在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。

但 with 的复合结构不受限制。

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.

1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected

president is having a hard time. A. settledB. settling

C. to settle

D. being settled

2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post

office.

A. buying

B. to buy

C. bought

D. to be bought

3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.

A. was cut off

B. being cut off

C. cut off

D. having cut

off

4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed

themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking

5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and

plants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC.

WithD. By

6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a

dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.

A. laid

B. laying

C. to lay

D. being laid

7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into

details.

A. stood

B. standing

C. to stand

D. were standing

8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper

in the park with their pet dog ______ them.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted

the words ______ in his heart for years.

A. filling; having been hidden

B. filled; hidden

C. filling; hidden

D. filled; hiding

10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______

the way ______ to ZhongshanPark.

A. leading; finding; leading

B. to lead; found; to lead

C. led; finding; led

D. leading; found; led

11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after

her.

A. Being ill

B. His wife was ill

C. His wife being ill

D. Because he was ill

12.______,John returned to school from his hometown.

A. The summer vacation being over

B. The summer