International Logistics
International Logistics
International Logistics1. InterfaceIt is increasingly difficult to keep separate the practices of domestic and international logistics. International logistics—the movement of goods across national boundaries— occurs in the following situations:(1)A firm exports a portion of a product made or grown, for example, papermaking machinera to Sweden, wheat to Russia, or coal to Japan.(2)A firm imports raw materials such as pilpwood form Canada, or manufactured products such as motorcycles from Italy or Japan.(3)Goods are partially assembled in one country and then shipped to another, where then are futher assembled or proccessed. For example, a firm stamps electronic components in the United States. It ships them to a free trade zone in the Far East, where low-cost labor assembles them, and then the assembled components are returner to the United States to become part of the finished product.(4)The firm is global in outlook and srrs almost all nations as being markets, sources of supply, or sites for markers or for assembly operations.(5)Because of geography, a nation's domestic commerce crosses foreign borders, often in bond. For example,goods moving by through Canada, travel in bond, which means that the carrier handling them has a special legal obligation to keep them sealed and to mark certain that they are not released for sale or use within the country they are traveling through. Products shipped in bond are not subject to normal duties of the country through which they are passing.Until World War II, concepts of international trade were simple. Industrialized powers maintained political and economic colonies that were sources of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets for manufactured products. When dealing with colonies, manufactures in the parent country bought low and sold high. World War II brought an end to the colonial system; since then, emerging nations have attempted to developtheir own political and economic systems with varying degrees of success. As emerging nations attempt to flex their political and economic muscles, they cause changes in the traditional ways of conducting international business.Developing nations insist that an increasing proportion of assembling and manufacturing be conducted within their own borders. Because the role of these governments in their own economies is substantial, they are able to exert considerable influence over outside firms desiring to do business within their borders. They want their share of the supply chain's activity. They are becoming more insistent that much of their foreign trade be carried on vessels or planes owned by companies headquartered within their boundaries. They want their local firms to have at least their fair share of revenues from the sale of freight-forwarding services, marine insurance, and other distribution functions.Traditionally,the United States has been a major exporter of manufactured goods and agricultural products. Because of its wealth, the Unites States has also imported many consumer goods, however, in the last three decades; several major changes have upset these traditional patterns. A new equilibrium has yet to be reached. The United States has been running trade deficits annually because of its large purchases of imported oil.The fluctuating value of the U.S. dollar has an impact on the flow of both exports and imports. When the dollar is weak, it is more costly to import, but foreign customers buy U.S.-built products because to them the prices seem low. When the dollar is strong, the reverse holds true.In the 1990s, several events changed the traditional patterns of how the United States conducts business overseas. The end of Soviet rule in Europe opened up the opportunity for engaging in much more trade with that major area of the world. In 1992 Western Europe achieved fuller economic integration,though many barriers remained (no tariff barriers ) to the free movement of goods among all nations. Inaddition, environmentalists in Europe are attempting to maintain restrictions on truck traffic so that more freight is forced to use rail and waterways.In Europe, pressure from the “Greens” (an environmental protection interestgroup) has caused truckers to use a ratings system, Euro I, Euro II, and Euro III, for their vehicles. Most new trucks are in the Euro II category, and soon there will be Euro III vehicles. “Austrians who have been particularly hurt by the transport problems relative to the size of their country, allow no truck traffic across the mountains to move at night other than vehicles in the Euro II category, which are perceived as running more silently than those classified as Euro I. Asa trucker in Austria, you have a choice of losing many hours or operating one of the newer, quieter, cleaner trucks.”Also in the mid-1990s, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into being, and efforts are being made to achieve closer economic integration among Canada, the United States, and Mexico. A major problem appears to be granting Mexican trucks and truck drivers access to the United States.Although this paper is written from the standpoint of U.S.-based firms involved in international trade, another type of firm has recently developed, one that can locate almost anywhere in the world and engage in commerce with any and all nations. The term global logistics is more applicable to the logistical challenges of this type of firm. Many corporations can be considered multinational.Many degrees of involvement characterize global operations. A study of the world‟s auto industry presented several stages toward becoming global, with the ultimate stage being transregional. When “a company feels that it must integrate activities across the world in order to prioritize certain phenomenon ( economies of scale, geographic convergence of markets, etc. ), the configuration of a transregional company‟s geographical organization tends toward homogeneity. Different regions are construed to be spaces of specific competencies and, from the very outset; attempts are made to coordinate these spaces through a global approach to the company‟s activities and to its network of alliances. A world-wide range of products is sold in various markets.”There are many examples and descriptions of computer-based and internet-based applications that are revolutionizing the practices of logistics and supply chain management. Some international settings are just as advanced, others are not. Tradeinvolving North America, Western Europe, and parts of Asia utilizes computer and Internet applications as sophisticated as can be found anywhere, Internet usage for handling foreign logistics operations continues to increase. A survey of 77 large U.S. exporters in 2002 asked, “Which of the following export activities does your company plan to conduct online over the next three years?” Answer were export tracking, 69 percent; logistics coordination, 62 percent; transportation procurement, 47 percent; classifying products needed for calculating import duties, 39 percent; bill payment and settlement, 34 percent; and document delivery, 34 percent.As one looks at other parts of the world, the level of sophistication drops. As an extreme example, during relief efforts in Somalia during the 1990s, it was almost impossible for relief agencies to charter a ship small enough to enter into the silt-filled harbor of Mogadishu. Small ships those small were no longer available in the commercial market.Containerization is an important development in international commerce; handling at ports is faster, and door-to-door service can be provided. Containerized shipping is very important in routes between Asia and Europe, in the North Atlantic,between the United States and Europe, and in the Pacific between the United States and Asia. In the year 2000, five of the world‟s top six container-handling ports were in Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, Kaoshiung, Pusan, and Shanghai. In other trading regions, especially those south of the Equator, containers are less important. The range of equipment and communication used in international supply chains varies widely. In a few areas of the world, some practices are no different from those of a half-century ago.2. International Marketing channelsIn marketing channels, there are various arrangements of buyers and sellers in interdependent channels, depending on their function at the time. When dealing with foreign markets and sources, sometimes different channel arrangements are employed. The firm must decide how much knowledge gained from domestic transactions is applicable when dealing overseas.The five channels are the ownership channel, the negotiations channel, the financing channel, the promotions channel, and the logistics channel. For international transactions, a sixth channel is added: the documentation channel. Documentation accompanying international shipments is excessive. In the 1980s,one shipment to Santiago, Chile, reportedly “required 150 separate documents”. Preparing these detailed documents, assembling them, and ensuring that they arrive where and when they are needed is no minor logistical operation. For small items such as repair parts, the envelope with the documents will be larger than the packaged part, and the costs of documentation will be greater than the part‟s value. International logistics involves a system in which documentation flows are as much a part of the main logistical flow as the flow of product, In the late 1990s, and airline‟s magazine said, “It still takes as long to process an air cargo shipment now as it did 26 years ago in a process which involves up to 36 separate handling functions, generating up to 16 individual documents.” One recent survey of exporters reported that “Export processes add nine percent to the cost of goods sold”.The following anecdote about Hyundai shows how some of the other channels relate to each other in an international setting. As Hyundai autos cross the ocean from Korea to U.S. ports, they are initially owned by Hyundai Motor America, which has purchased them from Hyundai Motor Company, and often two-thirds or more of a car carrier‟s capacity is sold electronically from a carrier vessel while it‟s at sea. At the port, “Hyundai‟s car preparation companies remove a protective coating from each vehicle and then accessor ize every auto with …PIOS‟, port-installed options. These include mud guards, arm rests, floor mats, side moldings, sun-roof wind deflectors, as well as air conditioning units slipped into prepared niches. ” Dealers receiving cars by truck pay for them electronically the moment they‟re delivered to the dealership. For those arriving by train, the dealer pays when the train arrives. In both situations the money is transferred di rectly to Korea to pay off Hyundai Motor America‟s debt to Hyundai Motor Company.Terms of SaleChoosing the terms of sale involves parties working within the negotiationschannel, looking at the possible logistics channels, and determining where and when to transfer the following between buyer and seller:(1) The physical goods (the logistics channel);(2) Payment for the goods, freight charges, and insurance for the in-transit goods (the financing channel);(3) Legal title to the goods (the ownership channel);(4) Required documentation (the documentation channel);(5) Responsibility for controlling or caring for the goods in transit, say, in the case of livestock ( the logistics channel).Transfer can be specified in terms of calendar time, geographic location, or completion of some task. One must think in terms of both time and location.For many years variety of selling terms evolved that was translated as terms of a seller‟s cost quotation. Each started w ith the product and added some additional service. The product and added services are listed in the following paragraphs, and, from the seller‟s viewpoint, they are the different locations, or stages, for quoting a price to an overseas buyer. They are referred to as Incoterms2000 because they were developed and published by the International Chamber of Commerce in the year 2000. Use of the terms is not mandatory, although one would need a very good reason to insist on some other terms. For each of the terms, the respective responsibilities of the seller‟s and the buyer‟s logistics managers change.EX-Works ( EXW)In this most basic transaction, the seller transfers all risk of loss and all responsibility for expenses to the buyer at the seller‟s loading do ck. In an EX-works transaction,goods are made avaiable for pickup at the seller‟s factory or warehouse. Example: EXW Toledo Incoterms2000.FCA ( Free Carrier)In this type of transaction, the seller is responsible for arranging transportation to a specific carrier at a named place. For example, a shipper (seller) located in Milwaukee may sell FCA Chicago. In this transaction, the seller arranges to deliver goods to an agreed-upon carrier in Chicago. The goods are “delivered” when they arereceipted by the buyer‟s carrier and all risk of loss transfers to seller at that point. Example: FCA Chicago Incoterms2000.FAS ( Free Alongside Ship)In this transaction, the seller must arrange for delivery, and assume all risks, up to the ocean carrier at a port. Unof ficial usage understands delivery to be “within reach of the ship‟s tackle”. Freight costs up to alongside vessel, risk of loss, and costs of export clearance are borne by the seller. Example: FAS Savannah Incoterms2000. FOB ( Free on Board)Incoterms limit the use of FOB to carriage by water and define the point of title transfer as occurring when the goods have passed over the ship‟s rail. In other words, freight to a vessel, loading aboard, and export clearance are the seller‟s responsibilities. Once the goods are loaded, the risk of loss and costs of transport revert to the buyer. (This term is also used in domestic trade, meaning the price at a specified location.) Example: FOB Rotterdam Incoterms2000.CFR ( Cost and Freight)The “cost” portion of CFR refers to the merchandise. The “freight” portion refers to all the freight, including export clearance, up to the foreign port of unloading. What is not included is cargo insurance from the port of loading. Indeed, risks are shared in a CFR transaction. T he seller must deliver over the ship‟s sail, so any loss up to that point is the seller‟s responsibility. Once loaded, the risk transfers to the buyer. This term is only used on waterborne shipments. Example: CFR Hong Kong Incoterms2000.CPT ( Carriage Paid to)This term is similar to CFR, but it can be used for any mode of transport, including air. CPT means that the seller will pay all freight costs all the way to the foreign port and that the buyer assumes all risk of loss beyond the loading port. Example: CPT Paris Incoterms2000.CIF ( Cost, Insurance, and Freight)A CIF transaction includes the costs of freight and the costs of insurance. The seller retains the risk of loss up to the foreign port of unloading. This term is used onwaterborne shipments. Example: CIF Miami Incoterms2000.CIP ( Carriage and Insurance Paid to )This term is similar to CIF except that it is primarily used in multimode transactions where the place receipt and place of delivery may be different from the port of loading or place of unloading. Example: CIP Zurich Incoterms2000.DES ( Deliver Ex Ship)In this type of transaction, the seller must pay all the costs and bear all the risks of transport up to the foreign port of unloading, except the cost or risk of unloading the cargo from the ship. In the case of large pieces of equipment, or bulk cargoes, the costs of unloading can exceed the cost of the main freight. Example: DES Long Beach Incoterms2000.DEQ ( Delivered Ex Quay)This is the same as DES except that the terms provide for the seller to pay the costs of unloading the cargo from the vessel and the cost of import clearance. Example: DES New York Incoterms2000.DAF ( Delivered at Frontier )In DAF the seller‟s responsibility is to deliver goods to a named frontier, wh ich usually means a border crossing point, and to clear the transaction for export. The buyer‟s responsibility is to arrange for pickup of the goods after they are cleared for export, to carry them across the border, to clear them for importation, and to pay any duties. Example: DAF Laredo Incoterms2000.DDP ( Delivered Duty Paid)This is a new term mainly used in intermodal transactions whereby the seller undertakes all the risks and costs from origin to the buyer‟s warehouse door, including export and import clearance and import customs duties. Essentially, the sellers pay everything in a DDP transaction and passes on all related costs in the merchandise price. Example: DDP Baltimore Incoterms2000.DDU ( Delivered Duty Unpaid)This is the same as DDP except that duty is not paid. Since the importer is generally better informed about local customs, a DDU transaction is used when thebuyer wants to avoid transportation and insurance issues. Example: DDU Milan Incoterms2000.Choice of currency in which payment is to be made can also be an issue, especially if the payment is to be made in the future. Barter may also be used, rather than cash. This may result in additional duties for the logistics manager because the goods received in payment have to be moved. Alexander Ageev, marketing chief for the Moscow Aviation Production Organization, which sells the MIG fighter aircraft, said that although Russia would prefer cash from the Philippines Air Force, competitive commodities can be converted into cash and help seal the deal. “So if Manila has bananas, we will consider them. In Malaysia, where we sold 18 MIG-29s, palm oil has been supplied in part payment of the coast.”国际物流1. 连接国内和国际物流现在联系越来越密切。
国际物流的概念
国际物流的概念
国际物流（International Logistics, 简称IL），是相对于国内物流而言的，就是发生在不同国家间的物流，具体指组织原材料、在制品、半成品和制成品在国与国之间的流动和转移。
对国际物流的理解分为广义和狭义两个方面。
广义的国际物流是指各种形式的货物在国与国之间的流入和流出，包括进出口商品、暂时进出口商品、转运货物、过境货物、捐赠货物、援助货物、加工装配所需货物、部件以及退货等在国与国之间的流动。
狭义的国际物流是指与另一国进出口贸易相关的物流活动，包括货物集运、分拨配送、货物包装、货物运输、申领许可文件、仓储、装卸、流通加工、报关、保险、单据等。
换句话说，当某国一企业出口其生产或制造的产品给另一国的客户或消费者时；或当该企业作为进口商从另一国进口生产所需要的各种原材料、零部件或消耗品时，为了消除生产者与需求者之间的时空差异，使货物从卖方的处所物理性地移动到买方处所，并较终实现货物所有权的跨国转移，国际物流的一系列活动就产生了。
International Logistics
All competitive priorities are related with Logistics performance!
Part 1
Indirect channel
Direct channel
Part 1
Time Line for Operations Strategies
Course Features:
International Logistics is a core program for students pursuing a BA in the major of logistics management, aiming at equipping those students with both theories and practices of international logistics. Students will have a comprehensive outlook about the basic knowledge and organization method of international logistics. This course starts with the definition and features of international logistics, and then it introduces the international transportation system, which is the most important one among the many functions included in international logistics system. Other activities than transportation are also discussed.
国际物流产品体系英语
国际物流产品体系英语International Logistics Product SystemThe global economy has witnessed a remarkable transformation in recent decades, driven by the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing interconnectedness of markets. At the heart of this transformation lies the critical role of international logistics, a complex and dynamic system that facilitates the seamless movement of goods, services, and information across national borders. The international logistics product system is a crucial component of this global landscape, serving as the backbone that enables businesses and individuals to navigate the intricate web of international trade and commerce.At its core the international logistics product system encompasses a wide range of services and solutions designed to address the unique challenges and requirements of cross-border logistics. This includes the transportation of goods via various modes such as air, sea, and land, as well as the coordination of customs clearance, warehousing, and distribution. Additionally the system encompasses a range of value-added services such as inventory management, packaging, and reverse logistics, all of which are tailored to meet the specific needsof individual customers and industries.One of the key drivers of the international logistics product system is the growing demand for efficient and cost-effective supply chain solutions. As businesses strive to maintain a competitive edge in the global marketplace, they increasingly rely on the expertise and capabilities of logistics providers to streamline their operations, reduce costs, and enhance their overall agility and responsiveness. This has led to the emergence of a highly specialized and sophisticated logistics industry, with a wide range of service providers offering customized solutions to meet the diverse needs of their clients.Another critical aspect of the international logistics product system is the role of technology. The rapid advancements in digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) have transformed the way logistics operations are planned, executed, and monitored. These technologies have enabled logistics providers to enhance their visibility, optimize their operations, and provide their customers with real-time information and insights, ultimately improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the supply chain.Moreover the international logistics product system is also shaped by the evolving regulatory landscape and the increasing emphasis onsustainability and environmental responsibility. Governments around the world have implemented a range of policies and regulations aimed at ensuring the safe, secure, and environmentally-friendly movement of goods across borders. Logistics providers must navigate these complex regulatory frameworks, while also addressing the growing demand for greener and more sustainable logistics solutions.In this context, the international logistics product system has become a critical component of the global economy, serving as a vital link between producers, distributors, and consumers around the world. By providing a comprehensive suite of services and solutions, logistics providers play a crucial role in facilitating international trade, driving economic growth, and enhancing the overall competitiveness of businesses operating in the global marketplace.As the world continues to evolve and the demands on the global supply chain become increasingly complex, the importance of the international logistics product system will only continue to grow. Businesses and individuals alike will need to stay informed and adaptable, leveraging the latest technologies and best practices to navigate the ever-changing landscape of international logistics. By doing so, they can unlock new opportunities, enhance their operational efficiency, and ultimately contribute to the continued prosperity and development of the global economy.。
国际物流专业英语
International logistics or related knowledge国际物流方面的相关知识Part1: International logistics component国际物流组成部分International logistics mainly include delivery, domestic transportation, customs declaration, international exporter of customs declaration, transportation, importers delivery.国际物流主要包括发货、国内运输、出口国报关、国际间运输、进口国报关、送货。
Part2: International logistics features:国际物流的特点：1. Logistics channel length, logistics alleviate much.2. Logistics environment of complexity.3. The international logistics standardization request is higher.4. International logistics of risk.5. A variety of modes of transportation international logistics.1.物流渠道长、物流缓解多。
2.物流环境的复杂性。
3.国际物流中的标准化要求较高。
4.国际物流中的风险性。
5.国际物流的多种运输方式。
Part3: International logistics sort:国际物流的种类：1. According to the commodity among countries can be divided into the flow of classification, imported logistics and export logistics.2. According to the commodity flow tariffs area can be divided into different classification, between logistics and different national economic area between logistics.3. According to different characteristics of the multinational transport, goods can be divided into international arms logistics, international commodity logistics, international mail logistics, international donors logistics etc.1.根据商品在国与国之间的流向分类，可以分为进口物流和出口物流。
international logistics英文教材
international logistics英文教材全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hiya everyone! Today, let's talk about international logistics! Who knows what logistics means? Well, it's like a big puzzle that helps things get from one place to another. So when we talk about international logistics, we're talking about moving things between different countries.First off, we need to think about how things actually get to us from other countries. Have you ever seen a big ship in the ocean? Those are cargo ships, and they carry lots of stuff like toys, clothes, and food across the sea. Pretty cool, right?But it's not just ships that help with international logistics. We also have airplanes that fly things all over the world in no time at all! And let's not forget about trucks and trains that help move things from the ports and airports to our homes and stores.Now, when it comes to international logistics, there are lots of things to consider. We need to think about customs, which are rules and regulations that countries have about what can comein and out. We also need to think about tariffs, which are taxes on goods that are being imported or exported.And let's not forget about things like packaging and labeling. We need to make sure that everything is packed up safely so it doesn't get damaged during its journey. And we need to make sure that the right information is on the labels so people know what they're getting.So, next time you see something in the store that says "Made in China" or "Made in Italy," remember all the work that went into getting it there. International logistics is like a big team effort to make sure we can all enjoy things from all over the world. Pretty impressive, right?篇2Title: Fun and Easy Guide to International LogisticsHi friends! Today we are going to talk about something super cool called international logistics. Sounds fancy, right? But don't worry, it's actually really fun and interesting once you get to know more about it.So, what is international logistics? Well, it's like a huge puzzle where we need to figure out how to move things fromone place to another, but not just any place – we are talking about moving stuff between different countries!Imagine you have a toy that you want to send to your friend who lives in another country. How do you make sure the toy gets there safely and on time? That's where logistics comes in! We need to plan the best route for the toy to travel, make sure it's packed properly, and arrange for transportation – whether it's by ship, plane, truck, or even a combination of different methods.But wait, there's more! International logistics also involves things like customs clearance, where we have to make sure the toy (or any other item) meets all the rules and regulations of the destination country. We also need to track the toy's journey and make sure it reaches your friend's doorstep without any hiccups.So, next time you see a package being delivered to your house from a faraway land, remember that it's all thanks to international logistics! It's like a big adventure where things are constantly moving and people are working together to make sure everything arrives safely and on time.Hope you had fun learning about international logistics with me today. Remember, it's all about making sure things get from point A to point B without any bumps along the way. Until next time, happy shipping!篇3Oh wow, international logistics sound super cool! Let's learn all about it together! So, international logistics is like when things need to be moved from one country to another. Like, maybe toys from China need to go to America or cars from Germany need to go to Japan. It's like a big puzzle figuring out how to get everything where it needs to go!First, there's planning. You have to figure out what needs to be moved, when it needs to get there, and how it's gonna get there. Maybe by boat, plane, truck, or train! Then you have to make sure everything is packed up nice and safe so it doesn't break on the way.Next, there's transportation. This is when the things actually start moving! Big ships take things across the oceans, planes fly stuff through the sky, trucks drive on the roads, and trains chug along on the tracks. It's like a big adventure for all the things to get to their new homes!After that, there's tracking. This is like keeping an eye on where all the things are. With technology, we can see exactly where a package is at any time. It's like magic! We can make sure everything is going smoothly and on time.Finally, there's delivery. This is when the things arrive at their new homes. It's like a big celebration when everything gets there safe and sound! People all around the world work together to make sure everything gets where it needs to go.International logistics is like a big jigsaw puzzle with pieces from all over the world. It takes teamwork, planning, and lots of care to make sure everything gets to where it needs to go. It's a super interesting and important part of how the world works! Let's keep exploring and learning more about the amazing world of international logistics!篇4Title: Let's Learn About International Logistics!Hey there, kids! Today, we are going to learn all about international logistics. Wow, that sounds like a big word, doesn't it? But don't worry, we'll break it down and make it easy to understand.So, what is international logistics? Well, it's all about how things get from one place to another all around the world. You see, when we buy toys or clothes that were made in another country, they have to travel a long way to get to us. That's where international logistics comes in!First, let's talk about transportation. There are many ways things can travel internationally. They can go by ship, by airplane, by train, or by truck. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, ships can carry a lot of stuff, but they are slower than airplanes. Airplanes are fast, but they can't carry as much as ships. Pretty cool, right?Next, we have to think about storage. When things arrive in a new country, they need a place to stay until they are ready to be delivered. That's where warehouses come in. Warehouses are like giant storage rooms where all the things are kept safe and organized until they are needed. It's like a huge game of Tetris, making sure everything fits just right!Finally, we have to consider customs. Customs are like the gatekeepers of a country. They check all the things that come in to make sure they are safe and legal. Sometimes things can get held up at customs, which can cause delays in the shipping process. But it's all for our safety, so we don't mind waiting a little bit longer.And there you have it, kids! International logistics isn't so scary after all. It's like a big puzzle, with lots of pieces that need to fit together just right. So the next time you see a package from another country, you'll know all the work that went into getting itto you. Cool, right? Now, who's ready to learn more about the world of international logistics?篇5International logistics is like a big game of shipping and receiving stuff all around the world. It's super important because it helps make sure that things get from one place to another in a safe and timely manner.First off, let's talk about what international logistics actually means. Basically, it's the process of planning, coordinating, and managing the movement of goods and materials across borders. This includes things like transportation, warehousing, and customs clearance.One important thing to know about international logistics is that it involves a lot of different players. There are shipping companies, trucking companies, airlines, and freight forwarders, just to name a few. All of these players work together to make sure that goods get to where they need to go.Another important aspect of international logistics is documentation. When goods are being shipped from one country to another, there are a ton of forms and paperwork thatneeds to be filled out. This includes things like bills of lading, customs declarations, and import/export licenses.One of the biggest challenges in international logistics is dealing with different rules and regulations in different countries. Each country has its own set of laws and requirements when it comes to importing and exporting goods. This can make things really complicated, but that's where logistics experts come in to help navigate all the red tape.Overall, international logistics is all about making sure that goods can move freely around the world. It's a complex and dynamic field, but it's also super interesting and important. So next time you order something online and it shows up at your door, remember that it's all thanks to international logistics!篇6Title: Let's Learn About International Logistics!Hey there, friends! Today we are going to talk about something super cool and important – international logistics! But wait, what exactly is international logistics? Well, it's all about how things get from one place to another all around the world.First things first, let's talk about the different ways things can be shipped internationally. There are airplanes, ships, trucks, and trains that help move goods from one country to another. Can you imagine how exciting it must be to travel all over the world like that?Now, let's talk about how things are packaged for shipping. It's important to make sure that things are packed safely so they don't get damaged on their journey. That's why we use things like boxes, bubble wrap, and packing peanuts to keep things safe and sound.Next up, let's talk about customs. When things cross borders from one country to another, they have to go through customs. This is where they check to make sure everything is allowed to enter the country. It's like a big inspection to keep everyone safe.And finally, let's talk about delivery. Once things have passed through customs, they are on their way to their final destination. It's like a big adventure as they travel across the world to reach their new home.So there you have it, friends – that's international logistics in a nutshell! It's all about how things travel around the world to reach their destination. Pretty cool, right? Keep learning andexploring, and who knows – maybe one day you'll be a logistics expert too!篇7International logistics is like a big adventure where things are sent all over the world! It's super cool because it helps stuff get from one place to another, even if they are really far apart.First, let's talk about what logistics is. Logistics is like a giant puzzle where you have to figure out how to get things from point A to point B. It involves planning, coordinating, and managing all the steps from packaging to shipping to delivering. It's like a big game of Tetris where you have to fit everything together perfectly.Now, when we talk about international logistics, it's like playing on a worldwide level. You have to think about different countries, laws, languages, and time zones. It's a big challenge, but it's also super exciting!One of the most important things in international logistics is communication. Because there are so many different countries involved, you have to make sure everyone understands each other. That's why it's important to speak different languages and be open to different customs and traditions.Another cool thing about international logistics is all the different modes of transportation you can use. You've got planes, ships, trucks, trains, and even bikes! Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you have to figure out which one is the best for the job.In the end, international logistics is like a big puzzle that you have to solve. It's challenging and exciting, but it's also super rewarding when you see everything come together. So next time you see a package from another country, think about all the hard work that went into getting it to you – that's international logistics in action!篇8Title: Let's Learn About International Logistics!Hi guys! Today we're going to talk about something super cool - International Logistics! Sounds fancy, right? But don't worry, I'll break it down in an easy and fun way for you to understand.So, what is International Logistics? It's basically how stuff gets from one place to another place in different countries. Like, how do the toys you love so much in China end up in your local toy store? That's all thanks to International Logistics!First, let's talk about transportation. There are different ways to move things around the world - like ships, planes, trucks, and trains. Ships are used to carry really big and heavy stuff across oceans. Planes are super fast and are used for urgent deliveries. Trucks are great for moving things over short distances, and trains are perfect for moving stuff across land.Next, let's talk about warehouses. These are giant buildings where goods are stored before they are sent somewhere else. Imagine a huge room filled with shelves of toys, clothes, and gadgets waiting to be shipped out to different countries.Then, there's customs. This is like a security check for goods entering or leaving a country. Customs make sure everything is allowed to go in and out, and they check for things like taxes or illegal items.Finally, we have tracking. This is how we keep an eye on where our goods are at all times. With tracking, we can see if a package is stuck in traffic or delayed because of bad weather.International Logistics is so important because it helps businesses sell their products all over the world. It's like a big puzzle where everything needs to fit perfectly to make sure goods get to their destination safely and on time.I hope you guys learned something new about International Logistics today. It may sound complicated, but it's actually pretty cool once you understand how it all works. Keep exploring and learning, and who knows, maybe one day you'll be a logistics wizard too!篇9International logistics is like a big game of moving stuff all around the world. It's all about getting things from one place to another, like toys from China to America, or bananas from South America to Europe. It's super important because without it, we wouldn't have all the cool things we do.First, let's talk about the different ways things can move in international logistics. There are planes, ships, trains, and trucks. Each one has its own pros and cons. Airplanes are super fast but can be expensive. Ships can carry a lot of stuff but they're slow. Trains are good for moving things long distances on land. And trucks are great for getting things to your door.Next, let's talk about all the people involved in international logistics. There are the suppliers who make the stuff, the manufacturers who put it all together, the distributors who send it out to stores, and the customers who buy it. And let's notforget about all the people who work in transportation and customs to make sure everything gets where it needs to go safely and on time.There are also a lot of rules and regulations in international logistics. Each country has its own laws about what can come in and out, how things need to be packaged, and how much tax you have to pay. It can get pretty tricky, but that's why we have experts called logistics managers to help figure it all out.So, next time you see a toy that says "Made in China" or a snack that says "Imported from Italy," remember that international logistics made it all possible. It's like a big puzzle with lots of pieces, and it's pretty cool how it all comes together to make our world a more connected place.篇10Hello everyone! Today we are going to learn about international logistics. International logistics is all about how things get from one place to another around the world. Sounds exciting, right?First, let's talk about what logistics actually means. Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the movement of goods and services from one place to another. Ininternational logistics, the goods are moving between different countries, which can make things a bit more complicated.One important thing to remember in international logistics is customs. Customs are rules and regulations that each country has about the things that can come in and out of the country. This means that when you are sending something to another country, you have to make sure that it meets all the customs requirements.Another important part of international logistics is transportation. There are different ways to transport goods internationally, such as by plane, ship, train, or truck. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it's important to choose the right one for your needs.Now let's talk about some key terms in international logistics. Freight is the word we use for goods that are being transported. Freight forwarding is the company or person that helps to arrange the transportation of goods. And supply chain management is the process of managing the movement of goods from the supplier to the customer.In conclusion, international logistics is a vital part of global trade. It involves planning, implementing, and controlling the movement of goods between different countries. Byunderstanding the basics of international logistics, we can ensure that goods are delivered safely and efficiently around the world. So let's keep learning and exploring the world of international logistics together!。
物料运输 英文对照
1. The Definition of Logistics物流的定义After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方)流转到顾客(买方)的过程。
这就是物流的定义。
在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流运输工具等)的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。
此外,政府和物流组织的支持也不可或缺。
Three major functions of logistics物流的三大主要功能(1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.(1)创造时间价值:同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。
International logistics
Internationla logistics
1. 国际海运整柜 / 散货International shipping FCLn your life
海淘 Overseas online shopping You should talk more about how to buy online from other countries. Immigrants go abroad baggage (move)出国行李 （移民 搬家）
Individual sellers or buyers in the amazon & ebay &wish &alibaba
2. 国际空运 internationla airfreight
外贸人必问,物流人必回 答 Foreign traders will ask, logistics workers will answer (Interaction）
What's international logistics ?什么是国 际物流 ？
What dose international logistics mean in your mind ?你认为的国际物流是什 么？
国际物流是： International logistics refers to two or more than two countries (or regions) between the logistics
国际快递 -international express
不同的贸易成交方式，不同的物流服务Different ways of international trade to clinch a deal, provid Different logistics service
现代物流英文版PPT-第十四章国际物流
• Cross-border trades can require more than 100 separate documents
3This material in this section is drawn from Donald F. Wood, Anthony Barone, Paul R. Murphy, and Daniel L. Wardlow, International Logistics, 2nd ed. (New York: Amacom, 2002), Chapter 12.
• International logistics occurs when: – A firm exports a portion of a product made or grown – A firm imports raw materials – Goods are partially assembled in one country and then shipped to another, where they are further assembled or processed – A firm is global in outlook and sees almost all nations as markets, sources of supply, or sites for markets or for assembly operations – Because of geography, a nation’s domestic commerce crosses foreign borders, often in bond
国际物流整个流程及专业知识总结
国际物流整个流程及专业知识总结1.国际物流是指商品在国与国之间的运输和贸易活动。
International logistics refers to the transportation and trade activities of goods between countries.2.国际物流涉及到货物的存储、包装、装卸和运输等环节。
International logistics involves the storage, packaging, loading and unloading, and transportation of goods.3.物流公司在国际物流中扮演着重要的角色，他们负责整个物流链的规划和执行。
Logistics companies play an important role in international logistics, as they are responsible for the planning and execution of the entire logistics chain.4.国际物流的流程包括采购、运输、仓储、销售等环节。
The process of international logistics includes procurement, transportation, warehousing, sales, and other links.5.运输方式包括海运、空运、铁路运输和公路运输等多种形式。
Transportation methods include sea freight, air freight, railway transportation, and road transportation.6.国际物流中的跟踪和监控是非常重要的，可以确保货物安全到达目的地。
Tracking and monitoring in international logistics is very important as it ensures the safe arrival of goods at their destination.7.国际物流的主要挑战之一是海关的管理和清关手续。
国际物流专业知识点总结
国际物流专业知识点总结International logistics is a complex and multifaceted field that involves the movement of goods, information, and money across borders. It plays a crucial role in facilitating global trade and ensuring the timely delivery of goods to customers around the world. One of the key knowledge points in international logistics is understanding the various modes of transportation available for moving goods internationally, including air, sea, road, and rail. Each mode of transportation has its own advantages and disadvantages, and logistics professionals need to have a good understanding of these to make informed decisions when planning and managing international shipments.国际物流是一个复杂多元化的领域，涉及跨国界物品、信息和货币的流动。
它在促进全球贸易和确保及时向世界各地客户交付货物方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
国际物流中的一个关键知识点是了解移动国际货物的各种运输方式，包括空运、海运、公路运输和铁路运输。
每种运输方式都有其各自的优缺点，物流专业人员需要对这些有良好的了解，以便在规划和管理国际货物运输时做出明智决策。
国际物流公司简介
国际物流公司简介国际物流公司简介随着全球化进程的不断加快，物流行业成为了各国经济运行的重要组成部分。
国际物流公司作为全球物流业链的重要参与者，具有着重要的经济作用。
本文将为大家介绍国际物流公司的基本概念及其在全球物流业中扮演的角色。
一、国际物流公司的定义国际物流公司（International Logistics Company）是一类跨国企业，主要从事物流服务的设计、规划、实施和管理。
其业务涉及国内、国际物流的供应链、仓储与配送、航空运输、海运运输、货运代理、物流咨询等方面。
国际物流公司在全球范围内提供物流服务，致力于为客户提供量身定制的物流解决方案。
二、国际物流公司的角色国际物流公司在全球物流业中扮演着不可或缺的角色，主要表现在以下几个方面：1、服务于全球运输及供应链的需求国际物流公司扎根全球化市场，利用其强大的网络、业务能力和技术手段，提供全球范围内的物流服务。
通过其完善的全球运输网络，国际物流公司可以把物流体系无缝连接起来，以应对客户对全球运输和供应链的需求。
2、增进国际贸易的便捷性国际物流公司运用其专业的物流服务，为客户提供全球化的物流解决方案，增进国际贸易的便捷性。
国际贸易需要的是物品的快速运输和安全送达，国际物流公司在这方面具有专业技能和经验，并借助其丰富的资源和全球性的网络，使全球贸易变得更加便捷和高效。
3、完善的物流解决方案国际物流公司为客户提供定制化的物流解决方案，从供应链管理到海运、空运、陆运及仓储管理等各个方面，提供一站式物流服务。
客户可以根据自身的需求选择不同的物流服务，国际物流公司也将根据客户的需求量身定制物流方案，并在运营过程中根据实际情况灵活调整。
4、提升全球物流服务水平国际物流公司通过对全球物流服务的投入，不断提升全球物流服务水平。
其完善的物流系统、全球性的网络以及现代化的物流设施，为全球化的物流提供了强有力的支撑。
同时，国际物流公司也积极引进新技术、新设备和新设施，使物流工作可视化、自动化、信息化、智能化。
International logistics
A – Differences between Domestic and International Logistics
¤ Distance ¤ Currency variation ¤ Border-Crossing Process (additional intermediaries) Border¤ Transportation modes ¤ Packaging and Labeling requirements ¤ Infrastructure
Considerations for Selecting a Mode of Transport
Transit Time
Predictability
Cost
Non-economic Factors
IV - EXPORT DOCUMENTATION AND TERMS
A – Bill of Lading: contract between the exporter and the carrier indicating that the carrier has accepted responsibility for the goods and will provide transportation in return for payment. payment. B – Commercial Invoice: is a bill for the goods stating basic information about the transaction, including a description of the merchandise, total cost, address of the shipper and seller, and delivery and payment terms
Unit6 international logistics
CFSs= container freight stations 集装箱运输站
inter-modal transportation 多式联运
so far
迄今为止
Text 1 Containerization
Notes
1．The usage of containers provides a highly efficient form of transport by road, rail and air though its fullest benefits are felt in shipping, where cost may be reduced by as much as one half. 集装箱的使用为道路、铁路和航空提供 了一种高效的运输方式，虽然它的全部益 处在海运中体现得最淋漓尽致，在海运中 集装箱的使用可以将成本降低一半。
Text 1 Containerization
【Para 4】the Disadvantage of Containers （集装箱的劣势）
Containers have a restricted application in inland transportation. Because containers on ships must be stacked, they must be sturdy in construction. In turn, this makes them heavy— too heavy for road transport since they unduly restrict payloads.
Text 1 Containerization
alternative
n. 二中择一，可供选择 的办法
跨国物流的流程英语
跨国物流的流程英语The Process of International Logistics.International logistics refers to the efficient management and coordination of the flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between two or more countries. It involves several complex steps,including planning, transporting, storing, and distributing goods across international borders. Here is a detailed overview of the international logistics process:1. Planning:The planning stage is crucial in internationallogistics as it sets the foundation for the entire process. It involves identifying the specific requirements of the shipment, such as the type of goods, quantity, destination, and any special handling requirements. The logistics provider also needs to consider factors like transportation modes, customs regulations, tariffs, and potential risksinvolved in the shipment.2. Preparation of Documents:International shipments require a significant amount of documentation. This includes commercial invoices, packing lists, certificates of origin, and customs clearance documents. The logistics provider is responsible for ensuring that all these documents are prepared correctly and comply with the regulations of the importing and exporting countries.3. Transportation:The transportation stage involves selecting the most suitable mode of transport for the shipment, which could be air, ocean, road, or rail. The choice is determined by factors like the urgency of the delivery, cost, and the nature of the goods. The logistics provider arranges for the transportation, coordinates with carriers, and ensures that the shipment reaches its destination safely and on time.4. Customs Clearance:Customs clearance is a crucial step in international logistics. It involves submitting the necessary documentation to the customs authorities of the importing country, paying any applicable tariffs or duties, and obtaining the necessary permits or licenses for theshipment to enter the country. The logistics provider acts as a facilitator between the importer and the customs authorities, ensuring a smooth and timely clearance process.5. Storage and Warehousing:If the shipment requires storage or warehousing before being distributed or delivered, the logistics provider arranges for suitable warehousing facilities. Thesefacilities must comply with the regulations of theimporting country and ensure the safety and security of the goods. The logistics provider also manages the inventory, tracking the movement of goods, and ensuring their availability when needed.6. Distribution and Delivery:After the customs clearance, the logistics provider arranges for the distribution and delivery of the goods to the final destination. This could involve delivering the goods directly to the customer or distributing them to multiple locations. The logistics provider ensures that the delivery is made on time, in good condition, and in accordance with the customer's requirements.7. Post-Delivery Services:International logistics providers often offer post-delivery services, such as tracking and tracing, returns management, and customer support. These services help ensure customer satisfaction and build trust in the logistics provider's brand.8. Sustainability and Compliance:In recent years, sustainability and compliance havebecome increasingly important in international logistics. Logistics providers are now required to comply with environmental regulations, reduce their carbon emissions, and implement sustainable practices. This helps protect the environment, reduce waste, and improve the overallefficiency of the logistics process.In conclusion, international logistics is a complex process that requires careful planning, execution, and monitoring. It involves multiple steps, from planning and preparation to transportation, customs clearance, storage, distribution, and delivery. A reliable logistics provider plays a crucial role in ensuring that the process is smooth, efficient, and compliant with all applicable regulations.。
Jincheng International Logistics Group
2 3
4 5 6
The scope of business Competitive advantage
Jincheng International Logistics Group was founded in 1990 June, mainly to provide full international logistics services door to door for customers, is one of China's largest international logistics enterprises. With the spirit of first resource integration and industrial integration , Jincheng International Logistics have established a strategic cooperative relationship with dozens of large domestic and foreign shipping companies, long-term stable cooperation relationship with more than three hundred overseas international logistics enterprises.
1, the imported goods. All kinds of lists and document audit clients; Customs / tax declaration, inspection, storage, delivery, transport to designated locations;
国际物流的基本流程英文版
国际物流的基本流程英文版The Basic Process of International LogisticsIntroduction:International logistics plays a crucial role in global trade by ensuring the smooth flow of goods, information, and funds across borders. It involves a comprehensive process that encompasses various activities, from transportation and warehousing to documentation and customs clearance. In this article, we will explore the fundamental steps involved in international logistics.1. Market Research and Planning:Before engaging in international logistics, market research is essential. This step involves identifying potential markets, analyzing customer demand, and evaluating the feasibility of exporting or importing goods. Market research helps companies understand the nuances of foreign markets, including cultural differences, regulatory requirements, and trade barriers.2. Order Processing:Once a company decides to engage in international trade, order processing begins. This step involves receiving purchase orders from customers, verifying product availability, and confirming terms and conditions of the transaction. Order processing also includes obtaining necessary permits, licenses, and certifications required for exporting or importing goods.3. Packaging and Labeling:Proper packaging and labeling are crucial in international logistics to ensure products are protected during transportation and to comply with regulatory requirements. Packaging materials should be durable and suitable for long-distance shipping. Additionally, labels must contain accurate information such as product descriptions, ingredients, country of origin, and barcodes for easy identification and tracking.4. Documentation:International logistics relies heavily on accurate documentation to facilitate the movement of goods across borders. Documents such as commercial invoices, packing lists, bills of lading, and certificates of origin are essential for customs clearance, transportation, and payment processing. Accurate and complete documentation reduces the risk of delays or penalties at customs checkpoints.5. Transportation:Transportation is a vital component of international logistics. It involves selecting the most suitable mode of transportation, whether by air, sea, road, or rail, based on factors such as cost, time sensitivity, and nature of the goods. Efficient coordination between logistics providers, carriers, and intermediaries ensures smooth transit and timely delivery of goods.6. Customs Clearance:Navigating through customs procedures and regulations is a critical process in international logistics. Customs clearance involves submitting the required documents, paying duties and taxes, and complying with import and export restrictions. Customs brokers or agents can assist companies inensuring compliance with customs regulations, thereby avoiding delays or penalties.7. Warehousing and Inventory Management:In international logistics, warehousing plays a crucial role in storing goods during transportation, facilitating order fulfillment, and managing inventory. Proper inventory management ensures that products are available when needed, avoiding stockouts or overstocking. Technological advancements such as inventory tracking systems and automated warehousing solutions aid in efficient warehousing operations.8. Distribution and Last-Mile Delivery:After goods are cleared through customs and stored in warehouses, the next step is distributing them to customers. Distribution channels, such as wholesalers, retailers, and e-commerce platforms, play a vital role in connecting products with end consumers. Last-mile delivery refers to the transportation of goods from the distribution center to the final destination, often involving local courier services or postal providers.9. Returns and Reverse Logistics:Managing returns and reverse logistics is an integral part of international logistics. In case of product defects, damages, or customer returns, companies need efficient processes to handle reverse logistics, including product retrieval, repair, replacement, or disposal. Effective management of returns contributes to customer satisfaction and enhances overall supply chain efficiency.Conclusion:International logistics involves a complex and interconnected process that enables the smooth flow of goods across borders. Through market research, order processing, transportation, customs clearance, and other essential steps, companies can navigate the challenges of international trade. By understanding and following the basic process of international logistics, businesses can expand their global presence, optimize supply chain operations, and capitalize on international trade opportunities.。
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Chapter Outline
Part 1 Review: How firms compete? Part 2 International Logistics and International Logistics System Part 3 Government Interest and involvement in International Logistics
How to be a good logistics student and a future excellent logistics practitioner?
School learning Self learning: Complete your knowledge structure Catch the trend Pursue your interest Observe and think Internship in relevant fields Logistics is a cross disciplinary subject
Chapter 7 Terms of Trade and Payment Chapter 8 Documentation and insurance Chapter 9 Customs and Customs Clearance Chapter 10 International Logistics Intermediaries and Logistics Alliances Chapter 11 Non-trade Logisticshain
infrastructure Human Resource Mgmt Research and Development Procurement
Profit
Inbound Manu-Outbound Marketing Profit Logisticsfacture Logistics After -sales
Content
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 International Transportation Planning Chapter 3 Maritime Shipping Chapter 4 Air Transportation Chapter 5 International Overland Transportation and Multi-modal Transportation Chapter 6 International Logistics Infrastructure
Part 1
Concept of Logistics2
Logistics is process of planning， implementing and controlling the efficient， effective flow and storage of goods，service， and related information from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements．(CLM, 1992) 以满足客户需求为目的，对产品、服务以及相关信息 从供应地到消费地的高效率、低成本流动和储存而进 行的计划、实施和控制过程
Part 1
知道全世 界最豪华 的酒店在 哪里吗？ 知道全世 界曾经最 高的酒店 在哪里吗？ 这二个问 题其实只 有一个答 案：在迪 拜。迪拜 的 BurjAlArab酒店 (burj音 译泊瓷， 又称阿拉 伯塔
世 界 最 豪 华 酒 店
世 界 最 豪 华 酒 店
迪拜是阿拉伯联合酋长国的第二大城市。20世纪50年代，它还是阿拉 伯湾一个朴素的海滨小镇，1966年发现石油，从此暴发起来，一眨眼 建起一个大都会。到了90年代以后，迪拜发生了脱胎换骨的变化。 关于这个遥远的中东国家我们知道的并不多：只是隐约知道这是一个 极度奢侈的国家，这里种植每一棵树的代价都要在3000美元以上。这 里有数个世界上最贵的酒店，这里有世界上最贵族化的运动，这里的 水比油更有价值。奔驰在这里当警车用，金饰是女人体重的一部分。
Attendance & Participation:
Students are expected to attend all sessions. Students are expected to participate in class discussions with meaningful comments and/or relevant questions. Please inform the instructor ahead of time when you have to miss class.
Chapter 1 Introduction to International Logistics
Chapter Objectives By the end of this chapter students should be able to: Review the definition of logistics and its impact on enterprises Get to know the background of the internationalization of logistics, its definition and features, and the components of international logistics system Understand the relationship between international logistics and international trade Understand government interest and involvement in International Logistics
Concept of Logistics1
Logistics is process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient， cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials，in-process inventory，finished goods， and related information from point-of- origin to point-of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements．(CLM, 1985) 以满足客户需求为目的，对原材料、在制品、产成品 以及相关信息从供应地到消费地的高效率、低成本流 动和储存而进行的计划、实施和控制过程
How firms compete?
Cost: providing low-cost product Quality: providing high-quality product Delivery: providing products quickly Flexibility: providing a wide variety of products Service: how products are delivered and supported (server, Caterpillar)
Course Objectives:
The students will acquire a rough understanding of issues regarding the management and operation of international logistics after taking part in this course, which will help them to be able to take the first step towards being a qualified logistics manager. Prerequisites: Logistics Management, Theories and practices of International Trade Course Outline
All competitive priorities are related with Logistics performance!
Part 1
Indirect channel
Direct channel
Part 1
Time Line for Operations Strategies
Course Features:
International Logistics is a core program for students pursuing a BA in the major of logistics management, aiming at equipping those students with both theories and practices of international logistics. Students will have a comprehensive outlook about the basic knowledge and organization method of international logistics. This course starts with the definition and features of international logistics, and then it introduces the international transportation system, which is the most important one among the many functions included in international logistics system. Other activities than transportation are also discussed.