大学英语(1)第二次作业题及答案.doc

第2次作业一、阅读理解(本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分) 1.There is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influentialfriends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a comforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her col leagues. Tt al so meant that the factory was much 1 ess efficient than i t could have been.All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because their face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine, which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, "This can't be right! $100 just for tapping a machine with a hammer?z，The engineer wrote out a new bill: 〃For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap it, $99.〃(1).It is believed that some people have succeeded in life because•A.they feel superior to othersB.they are both influential and powerfulc.they have some special advantagesD.they have a poor background(2).The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because.A.it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion than for her male colleaguesB.her boss did not think she had the right qual ifications for the jobc.the man who got his promotion was more experienced than she wasD.her bosses did not approve of her political views and opinions(3).The engineer who repaired the machine was right to charge $100 because.A.he was the only person who could find out what was wrong with itB.the factory owner could not have repaired it himselfc.he hit the machine to get it started againhe was charging for his knowledge and expert skills(4).The author" s attitude toward the widespread belief is.A.positiveB.negativec.neutralD.sympathetic(5).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Having influential friends or right background seems helpful sometimes.B.The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner.Not al 1 those who are good in their jobs have the chance to be promoted.D.Those who are good in their job are still largely needed by the modern society.2.Tn the 1940s, urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room and privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside, since most of those making the move were middle-class, they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhood, in which they had lived. The people left in the cities were often those who were too old or too poor to move. Thus, many cities began to fall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected. (Tn the past sixty years, San Franci sco is the only cityin the Uni ted States to have completed a new mass transit system.) Meanwhile, housing construction costs continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed.Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only. During the day they would be filled with people working in the offices and at night they would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some business executives began asking, "Why bother with going downtown at al 1? Why not move the offices to the suburbs so that we can 1ive and work in the same area?” Gradually some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more. This movement of businesses to the suburbs is not confined to the United States. Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium as well(1).What did the city lose when those people moved out to the suburbs?A.housescarsC.jobsD.tax money(2).What are not the resulting effects on cities when those people moved out?A.There were more crimes.B.Cities were in a bad condition.c.Only one mass transit system was completed.D.Some small companies moved in while larger ones moved out.(3).According to the passage, the suburbs.A.were deserted at nightB.were deserted at nightc.had a high construction costD.had some declined business center(4).Which of the fol lowing statements are True according to the passage?A.Some companies in the United States moved to Sweden, Germany and Belgium.B.Fresh air, spacious room and being away from others attract people to move to the suburbs.C.People wouldn't pay tax when they moved out of cities.D.The neighborhood should be maintained by old and poor people.(5).What is the best title for this passage?A.Urban RenewalB.Suburban Sprawlc.Effects of the move to the suburbsD.Development of the Suburbs3.Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛峰). It is the highest mountain in the world. But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Mount Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month.The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal （尼泊尔夏尔巴人）. Their goal is to remove al 1 the trash （废物，垃圾）they see. They wi11 spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers, batteries, drink cans, human waste and other kinds of trash. They arc expected to remove atleast three tons of trash in large bags.Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago. He says he hopes the effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer home.Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-up team will takealong newly developed equipment to collect and treat human waste- Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In the warm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below. The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everest has become more popular.（1）.What are those Americans concerned about when they are planning the trip up Mount Everest?A.The environment pollution of the mountain.B.The success in cl imbing up the mountain.c.The equipment for their trip to the mountain.D.The risks facing the climbers of the mountain.(2).From the passage we can learn that the clean-up effort .A.is opposed by the local peopleB.is the largest one supported by Nepalc.is encouraged by the American governmentD.is the greatest one ever made on Mount Everest(3).What does the American team plan to do on the trip up the mountain?A.To make Everest even cleaner than it was.B.To tell climbers not to leave waste materials.C.To take away all the trash they could find there.D.To collect and treat human waste before the ice melted.(4).Team leader Mr. Hoffman hopes to turn Mount Everest intoA.its former state a few years agoB.its original condition half a century agoc.a place with no pollution at allD.the cleanest mountain in the world(5).What is probably the best title for this passage?A.A Risky Trip Up Mount EverestB.Pollution on Mount Everestc.Mount Everest 一Clean-up EffortD.Robert Hoffman and His Clean-up Team4.Since founding his Microsoft computer software company in 1975, Bill Gates, this pale-skinned, soft-handed little genius has turned the company into a transnational monster with a market capitalization of $ US38 billion value that makes it bigger than Ford, General Motors or Boeing. Bill Gates' s own 30 percent share of the company has made him, at 38, the second richest individual in the US, worth somewhere about $ 9 billion.Forbes magazine recently estimated that, if you converted his personal wealth into Rolls Royces, they would stretch nose-to-tail from Seattle, Microsoft" s hometown, to Vancouver in Canada, a distance of 500 kilometers. Gates and his wife will be moving into a $ US25 million house on the shore of Lake Washington.Microsoft empire, which was founded on the motto 〃A computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft Software"7. "Sometimes we' d drop the 'in every hom。