句子成分和句子结构 ppt课件

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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
眼见为实。
1. 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般放 在主语的后面
2. 常用动词或动词词组充当
★ We study English. ★ He is asleep. ★ You may go now.
1. 是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动 词或介词之后 (动宾&介宾）
2. 常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定 时或动名词）、代词和数词充当
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
I saw a cat running across the road.
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状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当．
He is writing with a pen.
定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以 下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词 ）
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宾语补足语
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成 分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不 定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。
The war made him a soldier.
New methods make the job easy.
I often find him at work.
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（
动名词）
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He is reading an article about how to learn English.（
Seeing 2020/11/29 is believing.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
句子成分与基本句型
英语入门基础
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
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句子成分的特点和功能
1.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于 句首。
2.常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不 定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语 从句充当。
★ They are students. ★ The sun rises in the east.
太阳在东方升起。
★ To see is to believe.
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He swenku.baidu.comudies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.
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He did it carefully.
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语 （predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、 状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
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主语
• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
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精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你 是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我 笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
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★ I like China. ★ We study English. ★ I play with him.
位于系动词（如be, become, get, look,