基于IEC标准的风电机组电能质量检测技术
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P6
测试标准 Test standard
IEC 61400-21:2008 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines 并网风力发电机组 电能质量特性测试 GB/T 20320-2006 风力发电机组 电能质量测量和评估方法 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of wind turbine generator system
基于IEC标准的风电机组电能质量检测技术
Wind Turbine Power Quality Test Technology based on IEC Standard
中国电力科学研究院 China Electric Power Research Institute
P1
内容 Content
1.
中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power Development
切换操作 Switching operations
电压波动与闪变的测试与评估 (切换操作)
The measurement and assessment procedure of flicker coefficient (Switching operation)
P12
电流分量 Current components
Umspannwerk, Substation Leitung
Kraftwerksverbund
Power plant connection
ΔUZK Rk Lk U
ideal
~
wenku.baidu.com
WEA WT
UV
ZV
ideales Netz
P9
闪变 Flicker
闪变系数的测试与评估(连续运行)
The measurement and assessment procedure of flicker coefficient
P10
切换操作 Switching operations
kA 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8
Pitch + variable speed
Current
0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 -2.4 20 32 44 56 68 80 s
P16
时间: 05:07
故障前
55MW 230kV
232kV
223MW 234kV
38Mvar 电容器组
P17
时间: 05:07
定速机组
故障后
0MW 236kV 244kV
0MW 251kV
38Mvar 电容器组
P18
时间: 05:13
系统调整后
控制电压
0MW
235kV
0MW 237kV
38Mvar 电容器组
电网情况 Power grid condition
风资源丰富的“三北地区”电网相对 薄弱，风电远离负荷中心。 Power grid is weak in 3N areas, wind power is far away from load center.
中国风资源分布图 Wind resource distribution
大连华瑞 西班牙 德国 金风 东汽 金风
67 58 33 20 10 40
查干浩特风场
P20
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
由于风电机组不具备低电压穿越能力导致的大范围风电切机情 况，在西北电网的甘肃玉门风电场、甘肃安西中广核大梁子风 电场、宁夏贺兰山风电场也都发生过。 When wind turbines don’t have LVRT capability, wind farms may trip if grid fault occurs. Such contingency has also happened in other provincial power grids, such as Gansu and Ningxia.
1.322 1384.68
P14
间谐波和高频分量 Inter-harmonics and Higher frequency
P15
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
低电压穿越 （LVRT：Low Voltage Ride Through） 电网故障引起电压跌落，风电场在电网发生故障时及 故障后，保持不间断并网运行的能力通常称为风电场 的低电压穿越能力。 The capability of wind turbine to maintain continuous online operation during and after the grid fault which will cause voltage dip.
P5
2 风电机组电能质量测试
Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbine
测试标准 Test standard 闪变 Flicker 电流分量 Current components 低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing 有功功率 Active power 无功功率 Reactive power 电 网 保 护 Grid protection 风机重并网时间 Reconnection time
谐
波 harmonics 50Hz<f<2kHz 电流分量 Current components
间谐波 interharmonics* 电流谐波 50Hz<f<2kHz 高频分量 higher frequency components 2kHz<f<9kHz
P13
谐波 Harmonics
Order Active power [ in kW ] 2
P7
闪变 Flicker
闪变的概念 Definition of Flicker
P8
闪变 Flicker
虚拟电网 Fictitious grid
IEC 闪变仪的输入电压 虚拟电网阻抗角 ψk = arctan Rk / Xk
Wind WEA turbine
IWEA I
WT
VerknüpfungsPCC punkt mit mglichem Verbraucher
Ufic,maxUfic,min Sk, fic 电压变动系数: Voltage change factor: kU(ψk) = 3 U S
n n
闪变阶越系数: 1 Sk , fic k f (ψk ) = Pst, fic Tp0,31 Flicker step factor:
130 Sn
P11
风资源 Wind resource
中国风能丰富的地区主要分布在西 北、华北和东北的草原或戈壁，以及 东部和东南沿海及岛屿。 In China areas rich in wind energy resource are mainly in grass land or gobi of northwest, north and northeast China,as well as coastal area and islands in east and southeast China.
3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
1205.6 139 834.4 62.3 32.7 32.7 80.7 403 403 1186.1 1147.9 586.9 1000.8 321.8 130.6 73.7 80.7 80.7 80.7 348.8 948.3 1011.6 924.7 958.7
999.6 1227.1 1000.8 1035.3 1035.3 1035.3 1035.3 911.6 23.7 583.6 988.6 23.7 32.7 1000.8 1000.8 1035.3 73.7 73.7 80.7 779.3 787.4 960.3 73.7 73.7 1035.3
百万千瓦风电基地
千万千瓦风电基地
1000MW wind power base , 10 GW wind power base
发展特点：建设大基地，接入大电网。
Characteristics: Constructing large wind power base, connecting into large power grid with higher voltage level.
% 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
currents [ % of Ir ] 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Order
Active power [ in kW ]
currents [ % of Ir ] 1.1 0.5 0.9 0 0.2 0.1 0 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P21
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
P22
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
电网侧变压器 风机侧变压器
电缆 中压电网 低电压穿越 设备
电缆
机端电压
限制短路电流的电网阻抗
模拟电压跌落的短路阻抗
P23
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
Case VD1-symmetrical three-phase voltage drop VD1-对称三相电压跌落 VD2-symmetrical three-phase voltage drop VD2-对称三相电压跌落 VD3-symmetrical three-phase voltage drop VD3-对称三相电压跌落 VD4-two-phase voltage drop VD4-两相电压跌落 VD5-two-phase voltage drop VD5-两相电压跌落 VD6-two-phase voltage drop VD6-两相电压跌落 Magnitude of voltage phase Magnitude of positive to phase(fraction of voltage voltage (fraction of immediately before the drop voltage immediately occurs) before the drop occurs) 0.90±0.05 0.90±0.05 Duration 持续时间 (s) 0.5±0.02 Shape 波形
P4
1 中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power development
大规模风电发展推动风电机组技术进步 large scare wind power development improves the technology of wind turbine
电能质量 低电压穿越 常规电源特性 power quality Low voltage ride through Power Plant behavior
2. 风电机组电能质量测试 Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbine 3. 可再生能源发电实验室情况介绍 Introduction of Renewable Energy Lab
P2
1 中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power development
P19
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
风场名称 同发龙源 风机型号 G58 容量(kW) 产地 西班牙 数量(台)
850
117
同发华能 大唐洮南 大唐大通 富裕风电场
SL1500/77 G58 S77 S50/750 FD77 S50/750
1500 850 1500 750 1500 750
P3
1 中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power development
越来越多的大容量风电场（≧100MW）接入220kV甚至更高电压等级 的输电网中。
More large scale wind farms (≧100MW) are connected into 220kV or even higher voltage level transmission network .
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
22 24 26 28 30
0.1 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Order
32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Max THC Active Power at max THC [kW]
测试标准 Test standard
IEC 61400-21:2008 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines 并网风力发电机组 电能质量特性测试 GB/T 20320-2006 风力发电机组 电能质量测量和评估方法 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of wind turbine generator system
基于IEC标准的风电机组电能质量检测技术
Wind Turbine Power Quality Test Technology based on IEC Standard
中国电力科学研究院 China Electric Power Research Institute
P1
内容 Content
1.
中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power Development
切换操作 Switching operations
电压波动与闪变的测试与评估 (切换操作)
The measurement and assessment procedure of flicker coefficient (Switching operation)
P12
电流分量 Current components
Umspannwerk, Substation Leitung
Kraftwerksverbund
Power plant connection
ΔUZK Rk Lk U
ideal
~
wenku.baidu.com
WEA WT
UV
ZV
ideales Netz
P9
闪变 Flicker
闪变系数的测试与评估(连续运行)
The measurement and assessment procedure of flicker coefficient
P10
切换操作 Switching operations
kA 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8
Pitch + variable speed
Current
0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 -2.0 -2.2 -2.4 20 32 44 56 68 80 s
P16
时间: 05:07
故障前
55MW 230kV
232kV
223MW 234kV
38Mvar 电容器组
P17
时间: 05:07
定速机组
故障后
0MW 236kV 244kV
0MW 251kV
38Mvar 电容器组
P18
时间: 05:13
系统调整后
控制电压
0MW
235kV
0MW 237kV
38Mvar 电容器组
电网情况 Power grid condition
风资源丰富的“三北地区”电网相对 薄弱，风电远离负荷中心。 Power grid is weak in 3N areas, wind power is far away from load center.
中国风资源分布图 Wind resource distribution
大连华瑞 西班牙 德国 金风 东汽 金风
67 58 33 20 10 40
查干浩特风场
P20
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
由于风电机组不具备低电压穿越能力导致的大范围风电切机情 况，在西北电网的甘肃玉门风电场、甘肃安西中广核大梁子风 电场、宁夏贺兰山风电场也都发生过。 When wind turbines don’t have LVRT capability, wind farms may trip if grid fault occurs. Such contingency has also happened in other provincial power grids, such as Gansu and Ningxia.
1.322 1384.68
P14
间谐波和高频分量 Inter-harmonics and Higher frequency
P15
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
低电压穿越 （LVRT：Low Voltage Ride Through） 电网故障引起电压跌落，风电场在电网发生故障时及 故障后，保持不间断并网运行的能力通常称为风电场 的低电压穿越能力。 The capability of wind turbine to maintain continuous online operation during and after the grid fault which will cause voltage dip.
P5
2 风电机组电能质量测试
Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbine
测试标准 Test standard 闪变 Flicker 电流分量 Current components 低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing 有功功率 Active power 无功功率 Reactive power 电 网 保 护 Grid protection 风机重并网时间 Reconnection time
谐
波 harmonics 50Hz<f<2kHz 电流分量 Current components
间谐波 interharmonics* 电流谐波 50Hz<f<2kHz 高频分量 higher frequency components 2kHz<f<9kHz
P13
谐波 Harmonics
Order Active power [ in kW ] 2
P7
闪变 Flicker
闪变的概念 Definition of Flicker
P8
闪变 Flicker
虚拟电网 Fictitious grid
IEC 闪变仪的输入电压 虚拟电网阻抗角 ψk = arctan Rk / Xk
Wind WEA turbine
IWEA I
WT
VerknüpfungsPCC punkt mit mglichem Verbraucher
Ufic,maxUfic,min Sk, fic 电压变动系数: Voltage change factor: kU(ψk) = 3 U S
n n
闪变阶越系数: 1 Sk , fic k f (ψk ) = Pst, fic Tp0,31 Flicker step factor:
130 Sn
P11
风资源 Wind resource
中国风能丰富的地区主要分布在西 北、华北和东北的草原或戈壁，以及 东部和东南沿海及岛屿。 In China areas rich in wind energy resource are mainly in grass land or gobi of northwest, north and northeast China,as well as coastal area and islands in east and southeast China.
3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
1205.6 139 834.4 62.3 32.7 32.7 80.7 403 403 1186.1 1147.9 586.9 1000.8 321.8 130.6 73.7 80.7 80.7 80.7 348.8 948.3 1011.6 924.7 958.7
999.6 1227.1 1000.8 1035.3 1035.3 1035.3 1035.3 911.6 23.7 583.6 988.6 23.7 32.7 1000.8 1000.8 1035.3 73.7 73.7 80.7 779.3 787.4 960.3 73.7 73.7 1035.3
百万千瓦风电基地
千万千瓦风电基地
1000MW wind power base , 10 GW wind power base
发展特点：建设大基地，接入大电网。
Characteristics: Constructing large wind power base, connecting into large power grid with higher voltage level.
% 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
currents [ % of Ir ] 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Order
Active power [ in kW ]
currents [ % of Ir ] 1.1 0.5 0.9 0 0.2 0.1 0 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P21
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
P22
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
电网侧变压器 风机侧变压器
电缆 中压电网 低电压穿越 设备
电缆
机端电压
限制短路电流的电网阻抗
模拟电压跌落的短路阻抗
P23
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
Case VD1-symmetrical three-phase voltage drop VD1-对称三相电压跌落 VD2-symmetrical three-phase voltage drop VD2-对称三相电压跌落 VD3-symmetrical three-phase voltage drop VD3-对称三相电压跌落 VD4-two-phase voltage drop VD4-两相电压跌落 VD5-two-phase voltage drop VD5-两相电压跌落 VD6-two-phase voltage drop VD6-两相电压跌落 Magnitude of voltage phase Magnitude of positive to phase(fraction of voltage voltage (fraction of immediately before the drop voltage immediately occurs) before the drop occurs) 0.90±0.05 0.90±0.05 Duration 持续时间 (s) 0.5±0.02 Shape 波形
P4
1 中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power development
大规模风电发展推动风电机组技术进步 large scare wind power development improves the technology of wind turbine
电能质量 低电压穿越 常规电源特性 power quality Low voltage ride through Power Plant behavior
2. 风电机组电能质量测试 Power Quality Measurements of Wind Turbine 3. 可再生能源发电实验室情况介绍 Introduction of Renewable Energy Lab
P2
1 中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power development
P19
低电压穿越测试 LVRT Testing
风场名称 同发龙源 风机型号 G58 容量(kW) 产地 西班牙 数量(台)
850
117
同发华能 大唐洮南 大唐大通 富裕风电场
SL1500/77 G58 S77 S50/750 FD77 S50/750
1500 850 1500 750 1500 750
P3
1 中国风电发展现状 The Status of China Wind Power development
越来越多的大容量风电场（≧100MW）接入220kV甚至更高电压等级 的输电网中。
More large scale wind farms (≧100MW) are connected into 220kV or even higher voltage level transmission network .
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
22 24 26 28 30
0.1 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Order
32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Max THC Active Power at max THC [kW]