中考复习专题—宾语从句导学案

2019年中考复习专题---宾语从句导学案

Name:______________ 一、什么是宾语从句

当一个句子的是由一个句子来充当的时候，这个充当全句的宾语成分的句子就叫做宾语从句。宾语从句从属于主句，不能独立。

例句：I know him.

句子成分：____ ______ ____

例句：I know who he is.

句子成分：____ ______ ________

二、宾语从句三要素：引导词、语序、时态

1.连接词（引导词）

（1）由that引导的是用于陈述事实的句子。注意，that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。

2.语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

e.g.

I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.

He said (that) he missed us very much.

The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

（2）由if/ whether 意为“是否”，引导的是由一般疑问句充当的宾语从句。常用在ask, know，wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后，且要将引导的一般疑问句改为陈述句语序。

练一练：将两个简单句合成一个含有宾语从句的复合句

①I wonder. ②Will he go to the park with us?

=______________________________________________

①I ask him. ②Can he come?

_______________________________________

①Could you tell me? ②Does Mr. Li lives here?

_______________________________________________

注意：只能用whether不能用if 的四种情况：

①在介词后面：

I’m thinking of we should go fishing.

We are worried about it will rain tomorrow.

②在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) ：

They asked me to go skating.

③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

I don’t know he’s free or not.

Mary asked I was doing my homework or not.

Tell me you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.

④宾语从句提前时：

this is true, I can’t say.

Practice time:请为下列各个句子选用if / whether来填空。

1. I asked her ____________ she had a bike.

2. We’re worried about ____________ he is safe.

3. I wonder ____________ he is well.

4. I don’t know ____________ or not he is well.

5. I don’t know ___________ to go.

3.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。

注：当宾语从句是特殊疑问句充当时，特殊疑问句的疑问词作引导词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略，且要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。

Practice time

1. Do you know_________________________________?（Who are they waiting for？）

2. Do you know ________________________________? （When will we have a meeting？）

3. Please tell me _______________________________. （Where is he ？）

4. Can you tell me _______________________________?（How can I get to the station？）

5. Could you tell me _____________________________?（Why is the train late?）

6. He asked ________________________________. （Who could answer the question？）

7. He asked________________________________.（Whose bike was the best in the class？）

难点突破：有些特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词本身就是句子的主语，因此，它的语序已经是陈述句语序，做宾语从句时，语序方面不需要改变。

Can you tell me what is over there? He asks who can answer the question.

主语主语

思考：He asked me ___________________________ .

A.who planned to go to the park with him

B. that I would go to the park with him

C. how could he to the park

D. when I will go the the park with him