定语从句语法(有例句)

语法2

定语从句

名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。

1、that和which的用法区别（很重要！）

（1）只用that的情况：

①先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best、the most

②先行词由序数词（first、second、third）修饰时

③先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。

④先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing时

⑤先行词有any, no, all等限定词时

⑥先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited.

（2）只用which的情况：

①在非限定性定语从句中（用逗号隔开，指代前面整句话的内容）

He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life. 他忽然变得富有了，这改变了他整个的生活方式。

②介词后。

形式：名词或代词＋介词＋which（that不能放在介词后）

常见的词组形式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。

Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 汤姆在大学上了四年学，在这段时间里，他学会了法语。

He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. 当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。

请看that和which的使用例句：

He is the last person that you would suspect. 人们最不可能怀疑他。（不是最后一个！）

Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 只有人类具有语言的天赋。

All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子。

There’s still much that is to be done. 仍然有很多事要做。

I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。

2、关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别

①关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

②分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。

看如下对比例句：

①This is the factory where my father once worked. 这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。where相当于in the factory）

This is the factory which/that my father once worked in.（worked in的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）

②I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the wood near our village. 我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。（the days是spent的宾语）

I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents. 我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。（spent的宾语是holidays，不是the days）

I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays. 我忘不了我度假的小村庄。（与上句一样，spent的宾语是my holidays）

③Is this the school which/that you visited the other day? 这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？（the school作visited的宾语）

Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day? 这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher，所以不用that/which）

3、those who和he who句型（who是做主语）

两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。请看例句：

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

4、whose的用法

①whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。

That's the man whose house has burned down. 那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。

②whose前有时有介词。

The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man. 我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。

5、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

区别：限制性定语从句是先行词（即被修饰词）不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：

Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor. 想去野营的人请告诉班长。