电动自行车用轮毂电机设计及其特性研究

Wang Dianming
Supervisor：
Prof. Hao Minghui
Academic Degree Applied for： Master of Engineering
Speciality：
Mechanical Design and Theory
Affiliation：
School of Mechatronics Engineering
学校代码：10213 密级：公开
工学硕士学位论文
电动自行车用轮毂电机设计及其特性研究
（应用型）
硕 士 研 究 生：王殿明
导
师：郝明晖 教授
申 请 学 位：工学硕士
学
科： 机械设计及理论
所 在 单 位：机电工程学院
答 辩 日 期：2011 年 6 月
授 予 学 位 单 位： 哈尔滨工业大学
Classified Index: TM351 U.D.C: 621
利用 JMAG 软件对轮毂电机的气隙磁场进行有限元分析，确定合理的气隙 长度，优化气隙磁密波形。通过分析电枢磁密、输出扭矩及效率，对电机定子电 枢的齿宽、轭高和永磁体的宽度及厚度等结构参数进行了优化。综合考虑永磁材 料的性能及充磁成本，选择磁性能较高的钕铁硼永磁材料及平行充磁方式。然后， 通过对轮毂电机空载反电动势进行有限元分析，得到了反电动势波形的叠加原理 及对波形正弦性影响较大的谐波次数。接着，对电机的铁耗和铜耗进行了有限元 计算，得出了轮毂电机优化设计后的效率。
Date of Defence：
June, 2011
Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institute of Technology
哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文
摘要
气候变暖、能源危机已成为 21 世纪人类所面临的共同挑战，而研究具有节 能环保特点的电动自行车成为解决这些问题的重要途径。作为电动自行车核心的 轮毂电机，其性能的好坏对整车功能的实现有决定性作用。而目前轮毂电机普遍 存在着损耗大、性能不稳定、效率低等缺点，因此，研究一款控制精度高、结构 可靠、稳定性好、运行效率高的轮毂式永磁同步电机具有重大意义。
硕士学位论文
电动自行车用轮毂电机设计及其特性研究
（应用型）
DESIGN OF WHEEL MOTOR AND RESEARCH ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS
FOR ELECTRIC BICYCLE
王殿明
哈尔滨工业大学 2011 年 6 月
国内图书分类号：TM351 国际图书分类号：621
Aimed at the cogging torque of the wheel motor, further optimization of torque characteristics was made. Establish the analytical model of cogging torque. Through analyzing the analytical model, got the method to weaken cogging torque, and analyzed the influence of different electromagnetic scheme to cogging torque. Based on the MATLAB/Simulink, build the simulation platform of wheel motor. Using the simulation analysis to get the start-up characteristics includes the response characteristics of peed, torque and three-phase currents.
为了确定轮毂电机的总体方案，本课题首先分析了电动自行车对轮毂电机的 性能要求，计算出轮毂电机的运动及动力学参数，确定电机的驱动力及输出扭矩。 然后，通过分析电机常数，选择相关参数，计算出电机的主要尺寸，进而确定了 轮毂电机总体机械方案。接着，引入单元电机的概念，对比不同绕组方案和极槽 配合方案，确定轮毂电机的总体电磁方案。
In order to determine the overall scheme of wheel motor, firstly, analyzed the requirements of wheel motor for electric bicycle. Calculated the kinetic and dynamic parameters of wheel motor; determined the driving force and output torque of wheel motor. Then, by analyzing motor constant and choosing relevant parameters, calculated the main dimensions of wheel motor, and then, determined general mechanical scheme. Further, introduced the concept of unit motor; compared the different winding and pole tooth slot scheme, and determined general electromagnetic scheme of wheel motor.
Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering
DESIGN OF WHEEL MOTOR AND RESEARCH ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS
FOR ELECTRIC BICYCLE
（Application Type）
Candidate：
关键词：电动自行车；轮毂式永磁同步电机；有限元法；齿槽转矩；仿真分析
-I-Biblioteka Baidu
哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文
Abstract
In the 21st century, climate warming and energy crisis have become the common challenges for humans. Researching the electric bicycle (EB) which has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection become an important way to solve these problems. The wheel motor is the core of EB, and its performances are decisive factors for realizing the function of EB. At present, wheel motor has the disadvantages of high loss, performance instability and low efficiency. Researching a wheel type permanent magnet synchronous motor (WPMSM) which has the advantages of high control accuracy, reliable structure, good stability and high efficiency has important significance.
针对轮毂电机中存在的齿槽转矩，本课题进一步优化转矩特性，建立齿槽转 矩的解析模型，通过分析解析模型得到削弱齿槽转矩的方法，并分析了不同电磁 方案对齿槽转矩的影响。基于 MATLAB/ Simulink 搭建轮毂电机的仿真平台，对 电机的起动特性进行仿真分析，得到了速度、转矩、三相电流的响应特性。
根据优化后的机械及电磁方案加工轮毂电机样机，对样机的反电动势、转矩、 温升及效率进行系统的测试，试验结果表明样机的调速范围、响应特性、转矩输 出及过载能力均满足设计要求，轮毂电机样机效率达到了 88.9%,综合性能明显 优于普通直流无刷轮毂电机，验证了课题中设计方案的合理性。
- II -
哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文
According to the optimized mechanical and electromagnetic scheme, wheel motor prototype was processed. The back EMF, torque, temperature rise and efficiency of the prototype were systematically tested. Test results showed that the speed range, response characteristic, torque output and overload ability of prototype all met the design requirements. The efficiency of prototype reached 88.9%, its comprehensive performance was better than ordinary brushless dc motor, and verified the rationality of the design schemes in the subject. Keywords: Electric bicycle, Wheel type PMSM, Finite element method, Cogging torque，Simulation analysis
By using JMAG software, finite element analysis for the air-gap magnetic field of wheel motor was carried out, determined reasonable air gap length, and optimized the air-gap flux density wave. Through analyzing the armature magnetic dense, output torque and efficiency, the tooth width and yoke high of motor stator armature were optimized, and determined the width and thickness of permanent magnet structure parameters by the same design optimization method. Considering comprehensively the permanent magnetism materials performance and cost of magnetization, chose magnetic higher NdFeB materials and parallel magnetization way. And then, finite element analysis for the no-load back EMF of wheel motor was carried out. The superposition principle of back EMF waveform and the harmonic frequency which had great influence on waveform sine were got. Further, calculated the iron and copper loss; got the optimal design efficiency of wheel motor.