英语写作常用修辞格

英语写作常用修辞格

英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下:

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

例如:

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed

and digested.

3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.

他的厂里约有100名工人.

2>.He is the Newton of this century.

他是本世纪的牛顿.

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.

鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.

2>.Taste the music of Mozart.

品尝Mozart的音乐.

6.Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.

例如:

1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.

2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.

8.Parallelism 排比, 平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语. 句子排列成串,形成一个整体.

例如:

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral

till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.

例如:

1>.He is out visiting the necessary.

他出去方便一下.

2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.

他与妻子关系不融洽.

3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.

11.Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的

说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter

said to the beggar.

12.Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默

.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

13.Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.

1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing

worth of note?

2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.

1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.