美国国会中英文对照简介

【珍藏】美国政府结构名称中英文对照

【珍藏】美国政府结构名称中英文对照GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES美国政府CONSTITUTION宪法一、LEGISLATIVE BRANCH立法部门Congress国会Senate参议院House of Representatives众议院Architect of the Capitol国会大厦Congressional Budget Office国会预算办公室General Accounting Office总会计署Government Printing Office印刷局Library of Congress美国国会图书馆Office of Technology Assessment国会技术评估办公室Stennis Center for Public Service ：Stennis公众服务中心二、EXECUTIVE BRANCH行政部门President总统Vice President副总统Executive Office of the President总统行政办公室Council of Economic Advisers总统经济顾问委员会Council on Environmental Quality总统环境质量委员会National Economic Council国家经济委员会National Security Council国家安全委员会Office of Management and Budget管理与预算办公室Office of National AIDS Policy国家艾滋病政策办公室Office of National Drug Control Policy国家麻醉品控制政策办公室Office of Science and Technology Policy科技政策办公室President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Boa rd总统国外情报顾问委员会U.S. Trade Representative美国贸易代表White House Office for Women’s Initiatives and Out reach 白宫妇女办公室Department of Agriculture农业部Department of Commerce商业部Department of Defense国防部Department of Education教育部Department of Energy能源部Department of Health and Human Services卫生和公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development住宅与城市发展部Department of the Interior内务部Department of Justice司法部Department of Labor劳工部Department of State国务院Department of Transportation交通部Department of the Treasury财政部Department of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部Independent Establishments, Government Corporations, and Quasi-official Agencie s独立机构、政府法人社团和半官方中介机构Advisory Council on Historic Preservation历史保护咨询委员会Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局Commission on Civil Rights民权委员会Commodity Futures Trading Commission商品期货贸易委员会Consumer Product Safety Commission消费者产品安全委员会Corporation for National Service国家服务团Environmental Protection Agency环保局Equal Employment Opportunity Commission平等就业机会委员会Export-Import Bank of the United States美国进出口银行FarmCredit Administration农业信贷管理局Federal Communications Commission联邦通讯委员会Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation联邦储蓄保险公司Federal Election Commission联邦选举委员会Federal Emergency Management Agency联邦紧急事务管理局Federal Labor Relations Authority联邦劳工关系局Federal Maritime Commission联邦海事委员会Federal Reserve System联邦储备银行系统Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board联邦退休储蓄和投资委员会Federal Trade Commission联邦贸易委员会General Services Administration总务管理局Merit Systems Protection Board功绩制保护委员会National Aeronautics and Space Administration国家航空航天局National Archives and Records Administration国家档案局National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities国家艺术人文基金会National Labor Relations Board国家劳工关系委员会National Railroad Passenger Corporation国家铁路客运公司National Performance Review国家绩效评估委员会National Science Foundation国家科学基金会National Transportation Safety Board国家交通安全委员会Nuclear Regulatory Commission核管理委员会Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission职业安全与健康管理局Office of Government Ethics政府道德办公室Office of Personnel Management人事管理办公室Office of Special Counsel特别检察官办公室Overseas Private Investment Corporation海外私人投资公司Peace Corps和平队Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation养老金受益担保公司Postal Rate Commission邮政费率委员会Railroad Retirement Board铁道职工退休委员会Securities and Exchange Commission证券交易委员会Selective Service System义务兵役管理部Small Business Administration小企业主利益保护局Smithsonian Institution史密森学会Social Security Administration社会保障部Tennessee Valley Authority田纳西州河谷授权委员会U.S. Agency for International Development美国国际开发署U.S. International Trade Commission美国国际贸易委员会U.S. Postal Service美国邮政服务局U.S. Trade and Development Agency美国贸易及发展署Voice of America美国之音三、JUDICIAL BRANCH司法机构Supreme Court最高法院U.S. Courts of Appeals美国地区法院U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回地区法院U.S. District Courts联邦地方法院U.S. Court of Federal Claims联邦申诉法庭U.S. Court of International Trade国际贸易法院U.S. Tax Court税务法院U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces武装部队地区法院U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals退伍军人地区法院Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts美国法院行政管理办公室Federal Judicial Center联邦司法中心。

英国议会和美国国会区别中英文

What are the major differences between the US parliament and the UK parliament?1.First, although the United States Congress and the British Parliament both are bicameral systems,they are different in composition. The US Congress is divided into the Senate and house of Representatives. The most obvious difference between the Senate and the house is their size. There are 435 members in the house of Representatives, but the number of senators is 100. The British Parliament is divided into the house of Lords and the house of Commons. Members of the house of Lords are usually British nobles and members of the house of Commons are civilians.首先，美国国会和英国议会虽然都是两院制，但是两院的组成不同。

美国国会分为参议院和众议院。

参议院和众议院最明显的差别是它们的大小。

众议院中有各州众议院议员435名，而参议员来自50个州，为数100名。

英国议会分为上议院和下议院。

上议院成员都是英国贵族，下议院成员都是平民。

2.There are more than 1000 members of the British Parliament and the United States Congress hasonly 535 members. No matter the number of people in the two chambers or the total number, they are much less than in Britain.英国上下院共一千多人，美国国会共535人，不论各院人数还是总人数，都比英国要少的多。

英美政府机关名称中英对照

Institution 机关；机构Congress 国会court 法院；法庭Constitution 宪法Amendment 修正案；修订案the Bill of Rights (美)人权法案ambassador 大使；使节envoy 使节embassy 大使馆federalism 联邦主义；联邦制度the Supreme Court （美）最高法院the Cabinet 内阁bicameralism 两院制the chamber 议院the Senate 参议院impeachment 弹劾parliament 议会the House of Representatives 众议院the district courts 地方法院levy tax 征税the courts of appeals 上诉法院Democrat 民主党员two-party system 两党制Republican 共和党员Democratic party 民主党platform（美）政党竞选纲领Libertarian 自由党者Department of Justice 司法部jury Socialist 社会党员government intervention 政府干预global economy 全球经济Monetary and fiscal policies 财政政策protectionist 保护贸易论tariff 关税foreign affairs 外交magistrate （张有司法权的）行政长官；治安法官administration 政府intermediate courts of appeals 中级上诉法院agenda 议事日程appellate court of last resort 最终求助上诉法院arbitration 仲裁bill 议案cabinet 内阁Capitol Hill 美国国会checks and balances 权力制衡committee 委员会cold war 冷战congressional record 国会记事录convention 政党代表大会federal reserve system 联邦储备系统First Amendment 第一修正案floor 议员席foreign policy 外交政策governor 州长;省长；镇长incumbent 现任者Internal Revenue Service(IRS)（美国）国内收入署left-wing 左翼legislation 立法Pentagon 五角大楼President 总统primary 初选Prime Minister 首相shirtsleeve diplomacy 非正式外交diplomat 外交官socialism 社会主义imperialism 帝国主义speaker 众院议长subcommittee 小组委员会revolution 革命amnesty 赦免apartheid 种族隔离arms race 军备竞赛balance of power 力量均势banishment 驱逐bilateralism 双边关系Common Market 公共市场communism 共产主义confederation 联邦consul 领事consulate 领事；领事馆courier 外交信使delegate 代表developing nation 发展中国家dictatorship 独裁human rights 人权diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权AIDS SARS respire respiratory conspire inspire Disarmament 裁军draft 征兵propaganda politician politics statesman dragon dry winenews reader announcer news anchor anchorage talk show host guest moderatorpresenter ceremony master M.C. emcee coined wordInternational Court of Justice 国际法庭international law 国际法internationalism 国际主义interpreter 议员Kremlin 克里姆林宫league 联盟multilateralism 多边主义nationalism 国家主义；民族主义nationality 国籍；民族neutrality 中立NATO= The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约premier 总理Peaceful coexistence 和平共处police state 极权国家refugees 难民Secretary of state 国务卿Security Council 安理会sovereignty 主权summit 峰会；首脑会议superpower 超级大国terrorism 恐怖主义totalitarianism 极权主义unilateralism 单边行动war games 军事演习National Security Council 国家安全委员会the Treasury (英国)财政部Her Majesty’s Government （英国）女王陛下政府the civil service 文官部；文职部门First Lord of Treasury （英国）首席财政大臣Minister for the Civil Service （英国）文官部大臣The Chancellor of the Exchequer\the Chancellor （英国）财政大臣The secretary of state for Home Affairs\the Home Secretary （英国）内务大臣The Secretary of state for Defense\ the Defense Secretary （英国）国防大臣Secretary of State （英国）国务大臣state government （美国）州政府The Federal Government (美国)联邦政府general assembly （美国）州议会Military government 军人政府dictator 专政者；独裁者provisional government 临时政府political pluralism 政治多元化national government 国民政府the White House 白宫radical party 激进党conservative party 保守党the judiciary 司法部门law-enforcement official 司法官员Act of Parliament 议会法案Agency 政府分支机构magistrate\Justice of the Peace地方法官；治安法官administration 行政当局anarchism 无政府主义antigovernment 反政府的anarchy 无政府状态appoint 任命asylum 政治避难authorities 当局；官方chauvinism 沙文主义CIA=Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Donkey 驴（指代美国民主党）Downing Street 唐宁街（英国政府或首相府）Elephant 象（指代美国共和党）Elysee Palace 爱丽舍宫（法国政府或总统府）FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （美）联邦调查局Foggy Bottom 雾谷（指代美国国务院）The Department of the Interior （美）内政部the Secretary of the Interior （美）内政部长Joint Intelligence Service （英）联合情报委员会Communications Intelligence 通讯情报处Defense Intelligence Staff 国防情报处plenary （指会议）全体出席的Plenary session 全会white paper 白皮书（政府真是报告）Chairman （中、朝等国）主席，委员长，议长king (丹麦等国)国王chancellor（英）大臣；（德等一些欧洲国家）总理mayor 市长the Chancellor of the Exchequer (英)财政大臣the Minister of Education 教育部长the Minister of Foreign Affairs 外交部长the Prime Minister 首相，总理，行政院长parliamentarian （国会）议员politician 政客premiership 总理、首相之任期president （中）国家主席，（美等国）总统secretary of state 国务卿 a Cabinet Minister 内阁大臣a cabinet member\officer 阁员Chamber of Deputies （意大利）众议院Congress 美国国会the Senate 参议院The House of Representative 众议院（the House）House Representative 众议员Member of Congress 国会议员Department of State （美）国务院Council of State （印）联邦院（上院）House of the People 人民院（下院）Federal Assembly （德）联邦议院Federal Council (德)联邦参议院Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党LD=Liberal Democracy （法）自由民主党KPRF=Communist Party of the Russian Federation （俄）联邦共产党LDP=Liberal Democratic Party （日）自民党National Assembly （法、波兰等国）国会Parliament 英国议会the House of Parliament 上下两院The House of Lord 上议院Lord High Chancellor 议长Lords Spiritual 上议院神职人员（高级神职人员）Lord Temporal 上议院世俗议员（柜组成员）The House of Commons 下议院（Lower House）Member of Parliament 下议院People’s Party （印度等国）人民党PS=Socialist Party （法）社会党Buckingham 白金汉宫（指代英国皇室）crown prince 皇太子，王储Czar(Tzar)（俄国）沙皇barnstorm (尤美)巡回演说ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Commonwealth 英联邦ASPAC=Asian and Pacific Council 亚洲及太平洋理事会CAEC=Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation 亚欧合作理事会CSCAP=Council on Security Cooperation on Asia and Pacific Region 亚太安全合作理事会EAC=East African Community 东非共同体ECHR=European Commission of Human Rights 欧洲人权委员会EU=European Union 欧洲联盟G7=Group of Seven 七国集团（八国集团的前身）G8 summit 八国峰会NACC=North Atlantic Cooperation Council 北大西洋合作理事会NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NC=Nordic Council 北欧理事会OIC=Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OSPAALA=Organization of Solidarity of the people of Africa, Asia and Latin American亚非拉人民团结组织WPC=World Peace Council 世界和平理事会South-South Conference 南南会议WEU=Western European Union 西欧联盟UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织WHO=World Heath Organization 世界卫生组织IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County]) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会。

us congress名词解释英语国家概况

US Congress（美国国会）是美国的立法机构，由两个议院组成：众议院和参议院。

众议院由代表各州人民利益的成员组成，其成员根据各州的人口数量进行分配。

而参议院，则由各州两名参议员组成，每个州平等地拥有两名参议员。

美国国会拥有制定法律、制定财政预算、监督行政机构的权力。

它也在国家政治中扮演着非常重要的角色，特别是在外交政策和国家安全事务上。

国会的议员由选举产生，任期为两年（众议院）或六年（参议院）。

作为英语国家的一部分，美国国会在英国殖民地时期就已经存在。

直到美国独立后，国会的存在才得到正式确认并成为美国政府的核心机构。

美国国会的建立是为了反映各州之间的联邦制度，确保联邦政府的正当性和合法性。

在美国国会中，议员们代表着各自的选民，他们负责确保立法过程的公正性和透明度。

国会议员必须就各种议题进行辩论和协商，以找到最终的共识并通过法案。

他们也要监督政府的行为，确保政府不滥用权力，维护国家的稳定和繁荣。

在我看来，美国国会是美国政治体系中不可或缺的一部分。

它代表着美国人民的利益，同时也是美国民主制度的重要保障。

通过国会的工作，各州的声音可以得到平等的体现，各种权益可以得到平等的保护。

这种平等和民主的机制，是美国政治文明的体现，也是美国成为世界强国的重要支撑。

总结而言，美国国会作为美国政治的核心机构，承担着重要的立法、财政和监督职责。

它不仅是美国政治制度的基石，也是美国民主制度的典范。

无论是对于美国国内政治的稳定与发展，还是对世界政治的影响力，美国国会都具有重要意义。

希望这篇文章能够帮助你更深入地了解美国国会及其在美国政治中的作用。

如果你还有任何疑问或需要进一步探讨，欢迎与我交流讨论。

美国国会的历史可以追溯到美国独立前后的时期。

在英国殖民地时期，美国的立法机构主要是殖民地议会，他们负责管理殖民地的内政事务。

然而，随着美国独立战争的进行，对英国的统治逐渐变得不满情绪高涨，美国人民开始追求独立和自由。

1776年，美国宣布独立，成立了首届大陆议会，为后来的美国国会奠定了基础。

美国国会名词解释

美国国会名词解释Congress of the United States, the legislative branch of the federal government, instituted (1789) by Article 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which prescribes its membership and defines its powers. Congress is composed of two houses-the Senate and the House of Representatives.The SenateThe senators, two from each state, have six-year terms and were chosen by the state legislatures until 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment, providing for their direct popular election, went into effect. Actually, many states, especially in the West, had already in effect adopted this reform through the use of the direct primary. The terms of one third of the senators expire every two years. A senator must be at least 30 years old, a U.S. citizen of not less than nine years standing, and a resident of the state in which he or she is elected. The Senate is presided over by the vice president of the United States, who has no part in its deliberations and may vote only in case of a tie; in his absence his duties are assumed by a president pro tempore, elected by the Senate.The House of RepresentativesMembers of the House of Representatives are apportioned among the states according to their populations in the federal census. Every state is entitled to at least one representative. States that are entitled only to one (currently Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming) have a representative at large, i.e., one elected by the whole state. The legislatures of those states entitled to more than one representative have been required since 1842 to divide theirstates into congressional districts. Representatives are chosen for two-year terms, and the entire body comes up for reelection every two years. A representative must be 25 or older, a U.S. citizen of at least seven years standing, and a resident of the state in which he or she is elected. Although without a vote (except on the committees on which they serve), one resident commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a four-year term) and one delegate each from the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands (elected for two-year terms) sit in the House. The presiding officer of the House, the speaker, is elected by the members of the House and may designate any member of the House to act in his absence. In 1910 a revolt against the powerful speaker, Joseph Gurney Cannon, resulted in the transfer of much of the power and influence of that office to the House committees. The reforms of the mid-1970s, however, modified seniority rules and gave committee members and the speaker more powers, and changes introduced in the mid-1990s by the Republicans further reduced the influence of seniority and concentrated more power in the speaker and other members of the majority leadership.Responsibilities of CongressThe most important responsibility of Congress is that of making the laws of the United States. In both houses the work of preparing and considering legislation is done by standing committees, and in addition there are special committees in each house as well as joint committees with bicameral membership. The two houses have an equal voice in legislation, but revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives. Bills, after having been passed by each house separately, must be signed by the president of the United States within 10 days of theirsubmission, or they become law automatically, unless Congress is not in session. If vetoed by the president, a bill may become law only by its repassage by a two-thirds majority in each house. The Constitution requires a regular annual meeting of Congress, which, since the passage of the Twentieth Amendment in 1933, begins on Jan. 3 each year. The president may call an extra session of Congress or of either house. The proceedings of each house are recorded in the Congressional Record.Only the House of Representatives may impeach the president or other federal officers and the Senate alone has the authority to try impeachments, but each house is the judge of the qualifications of its own members. The Senate must ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote and confirm important presidential appointments to office, including cabinet members, judges of federal courts, and high-ranking officers of the armed forces. Because of this and because it is the smaller body and its members enjoy longer terms of office and virtually unlimited debate, the Senate is regarded as the more powerful of the two houses.Congress, as a whole, reached the zenith of its power during Reconstruction. Throughout its history many critics have charged that Congress operates under antiquated machinery and processes that are inadequate. Procedural reforms proposed have included the adoption of a rule of relevancy in Senate debate, employing joint hearings on similar bills, liberalizing the methods by which a bill may be discharged from committee for consideration, and abolishing seniority as the basis for committee chairmanships.BibliographySee R. Dadson, The Role of the Congressman (1969); N. W.Polsby, Congress and the Presidency(2d ed. 1971); L. Fisher, President and Congress(1972); A. Clausen, How Congressmen Decide(1973); J. Kingdon, Congressmen's Voting Decisions (1973); R. Goehlert and J. Sayre, The United States Congress (1981); J. L. Sundquist, The Decline and Resurgence of Congress (1981); M. A. Peterson, Legislating Together: The White House and Capitol Hill From Eisenhower to Reagan (1990); D. R. Mayhew, Divided We Govern (1991).。

Congress,UnitedStates美国国会

“all legislative powers”
• The Specific Powers • The Implied Powers
The Specific Powers
• The rights to collect taxes,regulate foreign and domestic commerce,coin money,declare war,support an army and navy,and establish lower federal courts.
Congress,United States 美国国会
Separation of Powers 三权分立
Legislative power to congress 立法权利归国会 Executive power to government 行政权归美国政府 Judicial power to court 司法权归法院
• 收税的权利，规范外资和国内商业，硬币钱，宣战，支持陆军和海军，并建立下级联邦法院。国会可以承认新的国家联盟，提出宪法修正案，收集联邦所得税，并执行民事权利的保护和扩展的。
The Implied Powers
• They derive from the right of the Congress to make all laws “necessary and proper “ to carry out its specific powers.
• 他们来自国会的权利，使所有的法律“必要和适当”，以进行其特定的权力。
Thanks for your attention
Compose of congress
the House of Representatives 众议院

美国政体 - 副本

The polity of The United States
பைடு நூலகம்
The federal government is composed of three branches:
Legislative • Judicial • Executive
•
Legislative（立法）
The United States Capitol(国会大厦), which houses the United States Congress.(美国国会)
Checks and Balances
制约与平衡的原则 One power scrutinizing the other of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another. 这个原则的确立是为了防止专制。但在实施过程中出现了不少问题,比如联邦调查局及中央情报局侵犯人权的事常有发生, 也没有得到制约。
Two Major Political Parties(驴象之争)
the donkey(驴) and the elephant(象)
Two Major Political Parties
The Democratic Party(民主党), which is thought to be more liberal and the symbol of which is the donkey (Under President Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal”, Democrats set up government programs that provided paid employment for people building dams and roads and public buildings and Social Security社会保障制度, which ensures that those who are retired or disabled receive monthly payments from the government )

美国国会杜梦雅

Construction started:September 18, 1793 Architect:William Thornton
2 The US Capitol
The reconstruction
Not long after the completion of both wings, the Capitol was partially burned by the British on August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812. George Bomford, and Joseph Gardner Swift, both military engineers, were called upon to help rebuild the Capitol. Reconstruction began in 1815 and was completed by 1819. Construction continued through to 1826, with the addition of the center Rotunda area and the first dome of the Capitol. Latrobe is principally connected with the original construction and many innovative interior features; his successor, Bulfinch, also played a major role, such as the design of the first dome.
The US Congress
1
Introduction
The United States Congress is the bicameral

英美政府机关名称中英对照

Institution 机关；机构Congress 国会court 法院；法庭Constitution 宪法Amendment 修正案；修订案the Bill of Rights (美)人权法案ambassador 大使；使节envoy 使节embassy 大使馆federalism 联邦主义；联邦制度the Supreme Court （美）最高法院the Cabinet 内阁bicameralism 两院制the chamber 议院the Senate 参议院impeachment 弹劾parliament 议会the House of Representatives 众议院the district courts 地方法院levy tax 征税the courts of appeals 上诉法院Democrat 民主党员two-party system 两党制Republican 共和党员Democratic party 民主党platform（美）政党竞选纲领Libertarian 自由党者Department of Justice 司法部jury Socialist 社会党员government intervention 政府干预global economy 全球经济Monetary and fiscal policies 财政政策protectionist 保护贸易论tariff 关税foreign affairs 外交magistrate （张有司法权的）行政长官；治安法官administration 政府intermediate courts of appeals 中级上诉法院agenda 议事日程appellate court of last resort 最终求助上诉法院arbitration 仲裁bill 议案cabinet 内阁Capitol Hill 美国国会checks and balances 权力制衡committee 委员会cold war 冷战congressional record 国会记事录convention 政党代表大会federal reserve system 联邦储备系统First Amendment 第一修正案floor 议员席foreign policy 外交政策governor 州长;省长；镇长incumbent 现任者Internal Revenue Service(IRS)（美国）国内收入署left-wing 左翼legislation 立法Pentagon 五角大楼President 总统primary 初选Prime Minister 首相shirtsleeve diplomacy 非正式外交diplomat 外交官socialism 社会主义imperialism 帝国主义speaker 众院议长subcommittee 小组委员会revolution 革命amnesty 赦免apartheid 种族隔离arms race 军备竞赛balance of power 力量均势banishment 驱逐bilateralism 双边关系Common Market 公共市场communism 共产主义confederation 联邦consul 领事consulate 领事；领事馆courier 外交信使delegate 代表developing nation 发展中国家dictatorship 独裁human rights 人权diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权AIDS SARS respire respiratory conspire inspire Disarmament 裁军draft 征兵propaganda politician politics statesman dragon dry winenews reader announcer news anchor anchorage talk show host guest moderatorpresenter ceremony master M.C. emcee coined wordInternational Court of Justice 国际法庭international law 国际法internationalism 国际主义interpreter 议员Kremlin 克里姆林宫league 联盟multilateralism 多边主义nationalism 国家主义；民族主义nationality 国籍；民族neutrality 中立NATO= The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约premier 总理Peaceful coexistence 和平共处police state 极权国家refugees 难民Secretary of state 国务卿Security Council 安理会sovereignty 主权summit 峰会；首脑会议superpower 超级大国terrorism 恐怖主义totalitarianism 极权主义unilateralism 单边行动war games 军事演习National Security Council 国家安全委员会the Treasury (英国)财政部Her Majesty’s Government （英国）女王陛下政府the civil service 文官部；文职部门First Lord of Treasury （英国）首席财政大臣Minister for the Civil Service （英国）文官部大臣The Chancellor of the Exchequer\the Chancellor （英国）财政大臣The secretary of state for Home Affairs\the Home Secretary （英国）内务大臣The Secretary of state for Defense\ the Defense Secretary （英国）国防大臣Secretary of State （英国）国务大臣state government （美国）州政府The Federal Government (美国)联邦政府general assembly （美国）州议会Military government 军人政府dictator 专政者；独裁者provisional government 临时政府political pluralism 政治多元化national government 国民政府the White House 白宫radical party 激进党conservative party 保守党the judiciary 司法部门law-enforcement official 司法官员Act of Parliament 议会法案Agency 政府分支机构magistrate\Justice of the Peace地方法官；治安法官administration 行政当局anarchism 无政府主义antigovernment 反政府的anarchy 无政府状态appoint 任命asylum 政治避难authorities 当局；官方chauvinism 沙文主义CIA=Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Donkey 驴（指代美国民主党）Downing Street 唐宁街（英国政府或首相府）Elephant 象（指代美国共和党）Elysee Palace 爱丽舍宫（法国政府或总统府）FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （美）联邦调查局Foggy Bottom 雾谷（指代美国国务院）The Department of the Interior （美）内政部the Secretary of the Interior （美）内政部长Joint Intelligence Service （英）联合情报委员会Communications Intelligence 通讯情报处Defense Intelligence Staff 国防情报处plenary （指会议）全体出席的Plenary session 全会white paper 白皮书（政府真是报告）Chairman （中、朝等国）主席，委员长，议长king (丹麦等国)国王chancellor（英）大臣；（德等一些欧洲国家）总理mayor 市长the Chancellor of the Exchequer (英)财政大臣the Minister of Education 教育部长the Minister of Foreign Affairs 外交部长the Prime Minister 首相，总理，行政院长parliamentarian （国会）议员politician 政客premiership 总理、首相之任期president （中）国家主席，（美等国）总统secretary of state 国务卿 a Cabinet Minister 内阁大臣a cabinet member\officer 阁员Chamber of Deputies （意大利）众议院Congress 美国国会the Senate 参议院The House of Representative 众议院（the House）House Representative 众议员Member of Congress 国会议员Department of State （美）国务院Council of State （印）联邦院（上院）House of the People 人民院（下院）Federal Assembly （德）联邦议院Federal Council (德)联邦参议院Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党LD=Liberal Democracy （法）自由民主党KPRF=Communist Party of the Russian Federation （俄）联邦共产党LDP=Liberal Democratic Party （日）自民党National Assembly （法、波兰等国）国会Parliament 英国议会the House of Parliament 上下两院The House of Lord 上议院Lord High Chancellor 议长Lords Spiritual 上议院神职人员（高级神职人员）Lord Temporal 上议院世俗议员（柜组成员）The House of Commons 下议院（Lower House）Member of Parliament 下议院People’s Party （印度等国）人民党PS=Socialist Party （法）社会党Buckingham 白金汉宫（指代英国皇室）crown prince 皇太子，王储Czar(Tzar)（俄国）沙皇barnstorm (尤美)巡回演说ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Commonwealth 英联邦ASPAC=Asian and Pacific Council 亚洲及太平洋理事会CAEC=Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation 亚欧合作理事会CSCAP=Council on Security Cooperation on Asia and Pacific Region 亚太安全合作理事会EAC=East African Community 东非共同体ECHR=European Commission of Human Rights 欧洲人权委员会EU=European Union 欧洲联盟G7=Group of Seven 七国集团（八国集团的前身）G8 summit 八国峰会NACC=North Atlantic Cooperation Council 北大西洋合作理事会NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NC=Nordic Council 北欧理事会OIC=Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OSPAALA=Organization of Solidarity of the people of Africa, Asia and Latin American亚非拉人民团结组织WPC=World Peace Council 世界和平理事会South-South Conference 南南会议WEU=Western European Union 西欧联盟UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织WHO=World Heath Organization 世界卫生组织IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County]) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会。

美国总统奥巴马就职演说中英文对照文稿

Write a 300-word report and submit next week.2013年美国总统奥巴马就职演说中英文对照文稿（全）北京时间1月22日凌晨，贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马宣誓就职第四十四任美利坚合众国总统并发表就职演说。

奥巴马在演讲中追溯美国民主传统和宪法精神，强调了民众的力量。

演讲中涉及了包括就业、医保、移民和同性恋等多项议题，以下为奥巴马就职演说全文：MR. OBAMA: Thank you. Thank you so much. Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens:谢谢，非常感谢大家。

拜登副总统、首席大法官先生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们。

Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional –what makes us American –is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago:当我们每次聚集在一起为总统举行就职典礼时，我们都是在见证美国宪法的不朽力量。

美国国会是什么

美国国会是什么
美国国会是美国最高立法机构，由参、众两院组成。

两院议员由各州选民直接选举产生。

参议员每州2名，共100名，任期6年，每两年改选三分之一。

众议员按各州的人口比例分配名额选出，共435名，任期两年，期满全部改选。

两院议员均可连任，任期不限。

众议员均系专职，不得兼任政府职务。

美国国会（CongressoftheUnitedStates）是行使立法权的地方。

议案一般经过提出、委员会审议、全院大会审议等程序。

一院通过后，送交另一院，依次经过同样的程序。

法案经两院通过后交总统签署；若总统不否决，或虽否决但经两院2/3议员重新通过，即正式成为法律。

国会两院在各自议长主持下工作。

众议院议长由全院大会选举产生，副总统是参议院的当任议长。

两院都设有许多委员会，还设有由两院议员共同组成的联席委员会，国会工作大多在各委员会中进行。

美国国会的主要和最明显的任务是立法，制定影响每一个美国人的法律，立法经常需要在一些有争议的问题上作出决定，例如医疗保险改革、战争、贸易汇率等，法案经过一系列的审议程序后才能成为法律。

2021年1月13日，美国国会众议院表决通过针对总统特朗普的弹劾条款，正式指控他“煽动叛乱”。

特朗普成为美国历史上首位两度遭弹劾的总统。

美国政府机构的中英文对照

酒精、烟草核武器管理局（-the bureau of alcohol, tobacco, and firearms）
外国资产控制办公室（the office of foreign assets control）
金融机构办公室 the office of the assistant secretary for financial institutions）
技术政策办公室（office of technology policy）
国家技术信息局（national technical information service）
国家标准和技术研究所（the national institute of standards and technology， nist）
地方法院（lower courts）
特别裁判权的法院（special courts）
联邦司法中心（federal judicial center）
国家安全委员会（the national security council ）
总统经济顾问委员会（council of economic advisers）
国际贸易局（international trade administration）
小企业发展局（minority business development agency）
国家海洋和大气管理局（national oceanic and atmospheric administration）
普查局（ bureau of the census）
经济分析局（bureau of economic analysis）
出口管理局（bureau of export administration）

美国国会ppt

最高规格的议事程序
①选举权
②审议权
③监督权 ④决定经费
和雇用助理
权
Congress right
• 国会运作
• ▪ 法律的产生( Congress operation) • ▪ 预算的产生
• 国会职责
• • • • •
• • • •
▪ 立法任务 ▪ 代表任务 ▪ 监督任务 ▪ 公众教育任务 ▪ 调解任务
The central division of power
A
Congress
（国会）
B President
（总统）
C Federal
court
（联邦法院）
Legislative
power
（立法权）
Executive power
(行政权)
Judicial power
(司法权)
Congressional structure
What is the US CONGRESS?

1
what are his rights? let us together to discuss!
The meaning of parliament
Meets in the U.S. Congress (United States) to exercise the legislative power (legislative authority). ---------美国国会是执行美国宪法规定的立法权力的机构。
▪ 立法权 ▪ 监督权 ▪ 人事权 ▪ 弹劾权
• 国会权力
Congress
the Senate
�� ：参议院倾向于保证立法与决策的科学性。

美国国会和人民代表大会的区别英语作文

美国国会和人民代表大会的区别英语作文The United States Congress and the People's Congress of China are two prominent legislative bodies in the world. Despite both being governmental institutions responsible for making laws and overseeing government activities, they have significant differences in terms of composition, powers, and functions.The United States Congress is bicameral, consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 members, two from each state, who servesix-year terms. The House of Representatives has 435 members, with the number of representatives from each state based on its population, and they serve two-year terms. Members of Congress are elected by the people through a democratic process.On the other hand, the People's Congress of China is unicameral, with a single chamber known as the National People's Congress (NPC). The NPC is the highest organ of state power in China and has around 3,000 members who are elected by provincial and municipal people's congresses, as well as the military, and serve five-year terms. The NPC meets once a year in a session that typically lasts around two weeks.In terms of powers and functions, the United States Congress has the authority to make laws, levy taxes, approve treaties, and oversee the executive branch. It also has the power to impeach the president and remove him from office. The Congress is considered a coequal branch of government alongside the executive and judicial branches, providing a system of checks and balances.The People's Congress of China, on the other hand, does not have the same scope of powers as the U.S. Congress. It is technically the highest state organ, but in reality, it has limited authority. The Chinese Communist Party, particularly the Politburo Standing Committee, holds most of the power in China, and the NPC largely serves as a rubber-stamp legislature that approves decisions made by the party leadership.Furthermore, the U.S. Congress is known for its vibrant and often contentious debates, where members of different political parties engage in discussions, negotiations, and compromises to pass legislation. The Congress also conducts oversight hearings to hold the executive branch accountable. In contrast, the NPC in China is controlled by the ruling Communist Party, and dissent or opposition is not tolerated. The NPC typically passes laws and resolutions with overwhelming support and little dissent.In conclusion, while both the United States Congress and the People's Congress of China are legislative bodies, they have significant differences in terms of composition, powers, and functions. The U.S. Congress is characterized by its bicameral structure, democratic elections, and robust checks and balances, while the NPC in China is unicameral, lacks real power, and serves as a tool of the ruling party. These distinctions highlight the diverse nature of legislative systems around the world.。

美国国会

简介•美国国会行使立法权（legislative authority）。

议案（bill）一般经过提出、委员会审议、全院大会审议等程序。

•美国国会是美国最高立法机关（legislative branch），由参议院（the Senate）和众议院（the House of Representatives）组成。

The United States Congress exercises the legislative power . In general after the motion proposed, committee, the general assembly to consider such procedures.The United States Congress is the highest legislative organ of the United States of America. Consists of the Senate and house of representatives.参议院senate•参议员（senator）由各州选民直接选出，每州2名，实行各州代表权平等原则。

现有参议员100名，当选参议员必须年满30岁，作为美国公民已满9年，当选时为选出州的居民。

任期6年，每2年改选1|3，连选得连任。

Voters directly elected by the States, 2 from each state, implement the principle of equal representation of States. The existing 100 senators, elected senators must be at least 30 years of age, As full citizens of the United States 9 years, elected at the election of the residents. A term of 6 years, change every 2 years 1|3, eligible for re-election.众议院•众议员数按各州人口比例分配，由直接选举产生，每州至少一名，人数固定为435名，必须年满25岁，作为美国公民已满7年，当选时为选出州的居民。

安倍晋三美国国会演讲英文全文

安倍晋三美国国会演讲英文全文2015年9月8日，日本自民党总裁选举公示，现任总裁安倍晋三是唯一候选人，“无投票”连任，任期3年。

以下是店铺整理了安倍晋三美国国会演讲英文全文，供你参考。

安倍晋三美国国会演讲英文全文如下：Toward an Alliance of HopeMr. Speaker, Mr. Vice President, distinguished members of the Senate and the House, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,Back in June, 1957, Nobusuke Kishi, my grandfather, standing right here, as Prime Minister of Japan, began his address, by saying, and I quote,"It is because of our strong belief in democratic principles and ideals that Japan associates her self with the free nations of the world."58 years have passed. Today, I am honored to stand here as the first Japanese Prime Minister ever to address your joint meeting. I extend my heartfelt gratitude to you for inviting me.I have lots of things to tell you. But I am here with no ability, nor the intention, to filibuster.As I stand in front of you today, the names of your distinguished colleagues that Japan welcomed as your ambassadors come back to me: the honorable Mike Mansfield, Walter Mondale, T om Foley, and Howard Baker.On behalf of the Japanese people, thank you so very much for sending us such shining champions of democracy.Ambassador Caroline Kennedy also embodies the tradition of American democracy. Thank you so much, Ambassador Kennedy, for all the dynamic work you have done for all of us.We all miss Senator Daniel Inouye, who symbolized the honor and achievements of Japanese-Americans.America and ILadies and gentlemen, my first encounter with America goes back to my days as a student, when I spent a spell in California.A lady named Catherine Del Francia let me live in her house.She was a widow, and always spoke of her late husband saying, "You know, he was much more handsome than Gary Cooper." She meant it. She really did.In the gallery, you see, my wife, Akie, is there. I don't dare ask what she says about me.Mrs. Del Francia's Italian cooking was simply out of this world. She was cheerful, and so kind, as to let lots and lots of people stop by at her house.They were so diverse. I was amazed and said to myself, "America is an awesome country."Later, I took a job at a steelmaker, and I was given the chance to work in New York.Here in the U.S. rank and hierarchy are neither here nor there. People advance based on merit. When you discuss things you don't pay much attention to who is junior or senior. You just choose the best idea, no matter who the idea was from.This culture intoxicated me.So much so, after I got elected as a member of the House, some of the old guard in my party would say, "hey, you're so cheeky, Abe."American Democracy and JapanAs for my family name, it is not "Eighb."Some Americans do call me that every now and then, but I don't take offense.That's because, ladies and gentlemen, the Japanese, ever since they started modernization, have seen the very foundation for democracy in that famous line in the Gettysburg Address.The son of a farmer-carpenter can become the President The fact that such a country existed woke up the Japanese of the late 19th century to democracy.For Japan, our encounter with America was also our encounter with democracy. And that was more than 150 years ago, giving us a mature history together.World War II MemorialBefore coming over here, I was at the World War II Memorial. It was a place of peace and calm that struck me as a sanctuary. The air was filled with the sound of water breaking in the fountains.In one corner stands the Freedom Wall. More than 4,000 gold stars shine on the wall.I gasped with surprise to hear that each star represents the lives of 100 fallen soldiers.I believe those gold stars are a proud symbol of the sacrifices in defending freedom. But in those gold stars, we also find the pain, sorrow, and love for family of young Americans who otherwise would have lived happy lives.Pearl Harbor, Bataan Corregidor, Coral Sea. The battles engraved at the Memorial crossed my mind, and I reflected upon the lost dreams and lost futures of those young Americans.History is harsh. What is done cannot be undone.With deep repentance in my heart, I stood there in silent prayers for some time.My dear friends, on behalf of Japan and the Japanese people, I offer with profound respect my eternal condolences to the soulsof all American people that were lost during World War II.Late Enemy, Present FriendLadies and gentlemen, in the gallery today is Lt. Gen. Lawrence Snowden.Seventy years ago in February, he landed on Ioto, or the island of Iwo Jima, as a captain in command of a company. In recent years, General Snowden has often participated in the memorial services held jointly by Japan and the U.S. on Ioto.He said, and I quote, "We didn't and don't go to Iwo Jima to celebrate victory, but for the solemn purpose to pay tribute to and honor those who lost their lives on both sides."Next to General Snowden sits Diet Member Yoshitaka Shindo, who is a former member of my Cabinet. His grandfather, General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, whose valor we remember even today, was the commander of the Japanese garrison during the Battle of Iwo Jima.What should we call this, if not a miracle of history?Enemies that had fought each other so fiercely have become friends bonded in spirit.To General Snowden, I say that I pay tribute to your efforts for reconciliation. Thank you so very much.America and Post-War JapanPost war, we started out on our path bearing in mind feelings of deep remorse over the war. Our actions brought suffering to the peoples in Asian countries. We must not avert our eyes from that. I will uphold the views expressed by the previous prime ministers in this regard.We must all the more contribute in every respect to the development of Asia. We must spare no effort in working for the peace and prosperity of the region.Reminding ourselves of all that, we have come all this way. I am proud of this path we have taken.70 years ago, Japan had been reduced to ashes.Then came each and every month from the citizens of the United States gifts to Japan like milk for our children and warm sweaters, and even goats. Yes, from America, 2,036 goats came to Japan.And it was Japan that received the biggest benefit from the very beginning by the post-war economic system that the U.S. had fostered by opening up its own market and calling for a liberal world economy.Later on, from the 1980's, we saw the rise of the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, the ASEAN countries, and before long, China as well.This time, Japan too devotedly poured in capital and technologies to support their growths.Meanwhile in the U.S., Japan created more employment than any other foreign nation but one, coming second only to the U.K.TPPIn this way, prosperity was fostered first by the U.S., and second by Japan. And prosperity is nothing less than the seedbed for peace.Involving countries in Asia-Pacific whose backgrounds vary, the U.S. and Japan must take the lead. We must take the lead to build a marketthat is fair, dynamic, sustainable, and is also free from the arbitrary intentions of any nation.In the Pacific market, we cannot overlook sweat shops or burdens on the environment. Nor can we simply allow free riders on intellectualproperty.No. Instead, we can spread our shared values around the world and have them take root: the rule of law, democracy, and freedom.That is exactly what the TPP is all about.Furthermore, the TPP goes far beyond just economic benefits. It is also about our security. Long-term, its strategic value is awesome. We should never forget that.The TPP covers an area that accounts for 40 per cent of the world economy, and one third of global trade. We must turn the area into a region for lasting peace and prosperity.That is for the sake of our children and our children's children. As for U.S.-Japan negotiations, the goal is near. Let us bring the TPP to a successful conclusion through our joint leadership.Reforms for a Stronger JapanAs a matter of fact, I have something I can tell you now.It was about 20 years ago. The GATT negotiations for agriculture were going on.I was much younger, and like a ball of fire, and opposed to opening Japan's agricultural market. I even joined farmers' representatives in a rally in front of the Parliament.However, Japan's agriculture has gone into decline over these last 20 years. The average age of our farmers has gone up by 10 years and is now more than 66 years old.Japan's agriculture is at a crossroads. In order for it to survive, it has to change now.We are bringing great reforms toward the agriculture policy that's been in place for decades. We are also bringing sweeping reforms to our agricultural cooperatives that have not changed in 60 long years.Corporate governance in Japan is now fully in line with global standards, because we made it stronger.Rock-solid regulations are being broken in such sectors as medicine and energy. And I am the spearhead.To turn around our depopulation, I am determined to do whatever it takes. We are changing some of our old habits to empower women so they can get more actively engaged in all walks of life.In short, Japan is right in the middle of a quantum leap.My dear members of the Congress, please do come and see the new Japan, where we have regained our spirit of reform and our sense of speed.Japan will not run away from any reforms. We keep our eyes only on the road ahead and push forward with structural reforms.That's TINA: There Is No Alternative. And there is no doubt about it whatsoever.Post War Peace and Japan's ChoiceMy dear colleagues, the peace and security of the post-war world was not possible without American leadership.Looking back, it makes me happy all the time that Japan of years past made the right decision.As I told you at the outset, citing my grandfather, that decision was to choose a path.That's the path for Japan to ally itself with the U.S., and to go forward as a member of the Western world.In the end, together with the U.S. and other like-minded democracies, we won the Cold War.That's the path that made Japan grow and prosper. And even today, there is no alternative.The Alliance: its Mission for the RegionMy dear colleagues, we support the "rebalancing" by the U.S. in order to enhance the peace and security of the Asia-Pacific region.And I will state clearly. We will support the U.S. effort first, last, and throughout.Japan has deepened its strategic relations with Australia and India. We are enhancing our cooperation across many fields with the countries of ASEAN and the Republic of Korea.Adding those partners to the central pillar that is the U.S.-Japan alliance, our region will get stable remarkably more.Now, Japan will provide up to 2.8 billion dollars in assistance to help improve U.S. bases in Guam, which will gain strategic significance even more in the future.As regards the state of Asian waters, let me underscore here my three principles.First, states shall make their claims based on international law.Second, they shall not use force or coercion to drive their claims.And third, to settle disputes, any disputes, they shall do so by peaceful means.We must make the vast seas stretching from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans seas of peace and freedom, where all follow the rule of law.For that very reason we must fortify the U.S.-Japan alliance. That is our responsibility.Now, let me tell you.In Japan we are working hard to enhance the legislative foundations for our security.Once in place, Japan will be much more able to provide a seamless response for all levels of crisis.These enhanced legislative foundations should make the cooperation between the U.S. military and Japan's Self Defense Forces even stronger, and the alliance still more solid, providing credible deterrence for the peace in the region.This reform is the first of its kind and a sweeping one in our post-war history. We will achieve this by this coming summer.Now, I have something to share with you.The day before yesterday Secretaries Kerry and Carter met our Foreign Minister Kishida and Defense Minister Nakatani for consultations.As a result, we now have a new framework. A framework to better put together the forces of the U.S. and Japan.A framework that is in line with the legislative attempts going on in Japan.That is what's necessary to build peace, more reliable peace in the region. And that is namely the new Defense Cooperation Guidelines.Yesterday, President Obama and I fully agreed on the significance of these Guidelines.Ladies and gentlemen, we agreed on a document that is historic.Japan's New BannerIn the early 1990s, in the Persian Gulf Japan's Self-Defense Forces swept away sea mines.For 10 years in the Indian Ocean, Japanese Self-Defense Forces supported your operation to stop the flow of terrorists and arms.Meanwhile in Cambodia, the Golan Heights, Iraq, Haiti, and South Sudan, members of our Self-Defense Forces provided humanitarian support and peace keeping operations. Theirnumber amounts to 50,000.Based on this track record, we are resolved to take yet more responsibility for the peace and stability in the world.It is for that purpose we are determined to enact all necessary bills by this coming summer. And we will do exactly that.We must make sure human security will be preserved in addition to national security. That's our belief, firm and solid.We must do our best so that every individual gets education, medical support, and an opportunity to rise to be self-reliant.Armed conflicts have always made women suffer the most. In our age, we must realize the kind of world where finally women are free from human rights abuses.Our servicemen and women have made substantial accomplishments. So have our aid workers who have worked so steadily.Their combined sum has given us a new self-identity.That's why we now hold up high a new banner that is "proactive contribution to peace based on the principle of international cooperation."Let me repeat. "Proactive contribution to peace based on the principle of international cooperation" should lead Japan along its road for the future.Problems we face include terrorism, infectious diseases, natural disasters and climate change.The time has come for the U.S.-Japan alliance to face up to and jointly tackle those challenges that are new.After all our alliance has lasted more than a quarter of the entire history of the United States.It is an alliance that is sturdy, bound in trust and friendship,deep between us.No new concept should ever be necessary for the alliance that connects us, the biggest and the second biggest democratic powers in the free world, in working together.Always, it is an alliance that cherishes our shared values of the rule of law, respect for human rights and freedom.Hope for the futureWhen I was young in high school and listened to the radio, there was a song that flew out and shook my heart.It was a song by Carol King."When you're down and troubled, close your eyes and think of me, and I'll be there to brighten up even your darkest night."And that day, March 11, 2011, a big quake, a tsunami, and a nuclear accident hit the northeastern part of Japan.The darkest night fell upon Japan.But it was then we saw the U.S. armed forces rushing to Japan to the rescue at a scale never seen or heard before.Lots and lots of people from all corners of the U.S. extended the hand of assistance to the children in the disaster areas.Yes, we've got a friend in you.Together with the victims you shed tears. You gave us something, something very, very precious.That was hope, hope for the future.Ladies and gentlemen, the finest asset the U.S. has to give to the world was hope, is hope, will be, and must always be hope.Distinguished representatives of the citizens of the United States, let us call the U.S.-Japan alliance, an alliance of hope.Let the two of us, America and Japan, join our hands together and do our best to make the world a better, a much better, place to live.Alliance of hope . Together, we can make a difference.Thank you so much.安倍晋三人物评价：日本媒体称安倍晋三是“小泉的正统接班人”。

罗斯福总统的国会珍珠港演说中英文对照版

Pearl Harbor address to the nation（国会珍珠港演说）Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific.Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu,the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack.It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition,American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island.Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area.The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certainthat this form of treachery shall never again endanger us.Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.副总统先生、议长先生、参众两院各位议员：昨天，１９４１年１２月７日，我们必须永远记住这个耻辱的日子，在这一天美利坚合众国受到了日本帝国海空军突如其来的蓄意攻击。

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