2019版高考英语二轮(江苏专用)教师用书：第1部分 专题5 第1讲 概要写作

第一讲概要写作

(对应学生用书第94页)

一、记叙文的概要写作

对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文的人物、事件、结果三大要素。有些记叙文的结尾有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或故事带给人们的启示，在写摘要时也需把故事寓意表达出来。

(一)记叙文摘要的写法——要素串联法

1．寻词摘句，确定要素

记叙文通常包含时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、起因(why)、经过(how)等六大要素。在阅读时要圈定这些要素。

2．整合信息，串联要素

列出上述要素和关键词后，需要对其进行整合，把所圈定的要素按一定的逻辑顺序，在整合时要有所取舍，对于有助于揭示主题的主要信息，应该全部概括；而对于主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地舍弃。

3．认真审题，注意表达

表达时要注意以下三点：

(1)确定人称：如果原文是第一人称，在转述时一般要改为第三人称。

(2)确定时态：记叙文以一般过去时为主。若记叙文中有作者从中得到的

“启示”或“意义”等，一般用一般现在时表达。

(3)确定词数与句数：摘要要求是“以约30个单词概括”，从近两年高考

阅卷的实际来看，满分作文概括的词数在26～38个单词之间。

受词数限制，概括部分一般用1～3句表达，以用2句最佳，句子过多，要么内容累赘，要么句式过于简单，均会影响表达效果。

(二)记叙文摘要的常用句式

1．The writer mainly tells us...

2．The author shares his experiences ...

3．From the passage，we know that ...

4．In the passage ...

(三)典题示例

阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括其内容要点。

After graduating from college，I decided to try for a job at a radio station，and then I would become a sports announcer.I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station，but got turned down every time.

Seeing I was disappointed，my mother said，“Everything happens for the best.If you keep on trying，one day something good will happen.You'll realize that it wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment.”

In one studio，a kind lady told me that big stations couldn't risk hiring an inexperienced person.“Go to small towns to find a small station that will give you a chance，”she suggested.

So I tried WOC Radio in Davenport，Iowa.The program director，Peter MacArthur，told me they had already hired an announcer.So I was refused.As I left his office，I asked aloud，“How can a fellow get to be a sports announcer if he can't get a job in a radio station？”

Suddenly MacArthur asked，“What did you say about sports? Do you know anything about football？” Then he let me stand before a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game.

The program director was satisfied with me and I became a sports announcer the next day.Whenever I faced disappointment，my mother's words would come to my mind.

[点拨]

1．这是一篇记叙文，概括前需找出：

(1)谁？(the writer/author)

(2)干了什么事？(failed lots of times in looking for a job)

(3)结果如何？(felt very disappointed)

(4)经验教训(his mother inspired him to keep on, and he succeeded at last) 2．然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来，便是本文概要。

Summary：

While looking for a job，the author suffered one failure after another，which made him feel very disappointed.It was his mother's encouraging words that inspired him to go on trying until he succeeded.

二、议论文的概要写作

议论文体的阅读材料，在写概要前，应该紧抓住议论文的文体特点、文章结构和三要素，准确捕捉材料的内容要点。议论文的结构形式有“总分”、“总分总”、“分总”或“并列”等。文章的三要素是：论点、论证、论据。而三要素中最重要的应是论点，因此，准确把握文章的论点就显得非常重要了。文章的论点往往在文章的首段或尾段，偶尔也在文章的中间。在段落中往往又在首句或尾句，但学生还应特别注意段落中表转折或因果的连词，因为这些词往往会引出文章的论点。

(一)议论文摘要的写法——主题概括法

1．找出关键词和主题句

任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫作关键词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，关键词通常是名词、动词或形容词。

议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。2．根据关键词和主题句进行概括

根据圈定的关键词和主题句进行改写，用相应的同义词进行替换或进行句型转换，千万不能原封不动地抄写原文。变换表达的三种常见方法：

(1)正话反说或反话正说法

You will not succeed.＝You will fail.

You can't be too careful when driving.＝You should be careful when driving.

I can't agree with you more.＝I quite agree with you.

(2)词性转换法

The photo is of importance to me.＝The photo is important to me.

(3)句式变化法

①语态变换：