2019版高考英语二轮(江苏专用)教师用书：第1部分 专题5 第1讲 概要写作
高考英语江苏专版二轮专题复习三维课件：增分篇+专题五+书面表达+第二节+第一讲+如何避免常见错
第二类 语法类错误
1．时态错误 误：In the morning, we had bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees. 正：In the morning, we bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees.
2．语态错误 误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 3．主谓一致错误 误：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.
5．动宾搭配不当 误：They are trying their best to improve their production. 正：They are trying their best to increase their production. 6．形容词和名词搭配不当 误：We walked a far way before planting trees. 正：We walked a long way before planting trees.
高考二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题5 第3讲 概要写作 含解析
第3讲概要写作概要写作作为浙江英语高考新题型，就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也称之为摘要。
写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。
这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
[选材特点]1．所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；2．所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
[评分参考]阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：1．对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2．应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3．上下文的连贯性；4．对各要点表达的独立性情况。
注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。
相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
[写作步骤]1．阅读首先要通读全文，对文章的体裁和大意有所了解。
阅读时要快速地找到主题句，以便抓住中心，理解全文。
学生还需要根据文章内容列出一个简单的提纲，以便在写作过程中不会遗漏要点，总结全面。
2．写出初稿在写作过程中，学生要注意词数要求，使用精炼的句子概括文章的要点，可以引用所给阅读材料的重要词语，但不可过多，否则便失去了概要的意义；学生还需谨记：概要必须全面、清晰地表达所给阅读材料的信息，客观、准确地反映所给阅读材料的真实意图，不可随意添加或增减内容。
3．修正定稿初稿完成后，要将其与所给阅读材料核对一遍，看原材料中的要点是否在概要中都得到了体现，语句间的衔接是否符合逻辑，同时还需要检查句子是否有错误，时态和语态的使用是否正确，标点、格式、大小写是否有误等。
高考英语二轮复习 专题五 书面表达 第一讲 靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达
层级二低档作文如何升级为五档作文，策略告诉你书面表达得分较低的学生的写作特点：1.只使用简单的词或短语；2.句式单一，单句较多；3.缺乏承上启下的词语和句子；4.不会使用从句； 5.不会正确运用谓语动词或短语；6.不会使用倒装和强调句型。
高考书面表达侧重考查考生的语言运用能力，这就要求考生能够正确运用高级的词汇和语法结构并能够熟练运用句与句之间的连接成分以使行文流畅。
因此，平时的写作训练中，要学会恰当地运用高级句式和过渡语，使文章“闪亮登场”。
第一讲靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达英语书面表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。
换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。
因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。
高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。
它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。
要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：一、使用亮点词汇的4种策略[策略1]“语”众不同，避免人云亦云写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
①(2019·北京卷书面表达)I’m very glad to know that you’re coming to tour in China.→I’m more than delighted to know that you’re coming to tour in China.②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I hope you can consider my application and allow me to be a volunteer.→I hope you can take my application into consideration and allow me to be a volunteer.③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am sure that I am fit for the job.→So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am qualified for the job.④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)As a result, enough preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.→As a consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.⑤(2019·天津卷书面表达)I want to make my voice heard.→I feel an urge to make my voice heard.⑥Only when you do more reading and writing can you succeed in improving your English.→Only when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.⑦To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and appealing, but our school life is alsorich and colorful.→To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.→Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. And word came that a short film will be shown in our school.[策略2]更新换代，避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏)教师用书：第1部分 专题1 第10讲 代词和名词
第十讲 代词和名词(对应学生用书第28页)1．(2016·江苏高考卷)—Can you tell us your________ for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full，definitely.A．recipe B．record C．range D．receiptA [句意：——你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？——当然是充实地过好每一天。
recipe秘诀，食谱；record录音，记录；range范围；receipt收据。
]2．(2015·江苏高考卷)Some schools will have to make________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A．judgments B．adjustmentsC．comments D．achievementsB [考查名词辨析。
句意：为了和全国的足球改革保持一致，一些学校将不得不做出调整。
judgment判断；adjustment调整；comment评论；achievement成就。
]【导学号：25874019】3．(2015·江苏高考卷)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my________．A．requests B．excusesC．apologies D．regretsC [考查名词辨析。
句意：——戴夫，去和妈妈说声抱歉。
——我愿意去，但是恐怕她不接受我的道歉。
request请求；excuse借口；apology道歉；regret后悔，遗憾。
]4．(2014·江苏高考卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful________ in last year's election.A．symbol B．portrait C．identity D．statueA [考查名词辨析。
第1部分 板块2 核心考点突破拿高分 专题5 第1讲 直线与圆(小题)
第1讲 直线与圆(小题)热点一 直线的方程及应用 1.两条直线平行与垂直的判定若两条不重合的直线l 1，l 2的斜率k 1，k 2存在，则l 1∥l 2⇔k 1＝k 2，l 1⊥l 2⇔k 1k 2＝－1.若给出的直线方程中存在字母系数，则要考虑斜率是否存在. 2.求直线方程要注意几种直线方程的局限性.点斜式、斜截式方程要求直线不能与x 轴垂直，两点式不能表示与坐标轴垂直的直线，而截距式方程不能表示过原点的直线，也不能表示垂直于坐标轴的直线.3.两个距离公式(1)两平行直线l 1：Ax ＋By ＋C 1＝0，l 2：Ax ＋By ＋C 2＝0间的距离d ＝|C 1－C 2|A 2＋B 2(A 2＋B 2≠0).(2)点(x 0，y 0)到直线l ：Ax ＋By ＋C ＝0的距离d ＝|Ax 0＋By 0＋C |A 2＋B2(A 2＋B 2≠0). 例1 (1)(2019·宝鸡模拟)若直线x ＋(1＋m )y －2＝0与直线mx ＋2y ＋4＝0平行，则m 的值是( )A.1B.－2C.1或－2D.－32(2)我国魏晋时期的数学家刘徽创立了割圆术，也就是用内接正多边形去逐步逼近圆，即圆内接正多边形边数无限增加时，其周长就越逼近圆周长，这种用极限思想解决数学问题的方法是数学史上的一项重大成就.现作出圆x 2＋y 2＝2的一个内接正八边形，使该正八边形的其中4个顶点在坐标轴上，则下列4条直线中不是该正八边形的一条边所在直线的为( ) A.x ＋(2－1)y －2＝0 B.(1－2)x －y ＋2＝0 C.x －(2＋1)y ＋2＝0D.(2－1)x －y ＋2＝0跟踪演练1 (1)已知直线l 1：x ·sin α＋y －1＝0，直线l 2：x －3y ·cos α＋1＝0，若l 1⊥l 2，则sin 2α等于( ) A.23 B.±35 C.－35 D.35(2)已知直线l 经过直线l 1：x ＋y ＝2与l 2：2x －y ＝1的交点，且直线l 的斜率为－23，则直线l的方程是( ) A.－3x ＋2y ＋1＝0 B.3x －2y ＋1＝0 C.2x ＋3y －5＝0 D.2x －3y ＋1＝0热点二 圆的方程及应用 1.圆的标准方程当圆心为(a ，b )，半径为r 时，其标准方程为(x －a )2＋(y －b )2＝r 2，特别地，当圆心在原点时，方程为x 2＋y 2＝r 2. 2.圆的一般方程x 2＋y 2＋Dx ＋Ey ＋F ＝0，其中D 2＋E 2－4F >0，表示以⎝⎛⎭⎫－D 2，－E 2为圆心，D 2＋E 2－4F 2为半径的圆.3.解决与圆有关的问题一般有两种方法(1)几何法：通过研究圆的性质、直线与圆、圆与圆的位置关系，进而求得圆的基本量和方程. (2)代数法：即用待定系数法先设出圆的方程，再由条件求得各系数.例2 (1)(2018·天津)在平面直角坐标系中，经过三点(0,0)，(1,1)，(2,0)的圆的方程为____________.方法二 画出示意图如图所示，则△OAB 为等腰直角三角形， 故所求圆的圆心为(1,0)，半径为1， ∴所求圆的方程为(x －1)2＋y 2＝1， 即x 2＋y 2－2x ＝0.(2)抛物线x 2＝4y 的焦点为F ，点P 为抛物线上的动点，点M 为其准线上的动点，当△FPM 为等边三角形时，则△FPM 的外接圆的方程为________.跟踪演练2 (1)(2019·黄冈调研)已知圆x 2＋y 2＋2k 2x ＋2y ＋4k ＝0关于y ＝x 对称，则k 的值为( )A.－1B.1C.±1D.0(2)(2019·河北省级示范性高中联合体联考)已知A ，B 分别是双曲线C ：x 2m －y 22＝1的左、右顶点，P (3,4)为C 上一点，则△P AB 的外接圆的标准方程为________________. 热点三 直线与圆、圆与圆的位置关系1.直线与圆的位置关系：相交、相切和相离，判断的方法 (1)点线距离法.(2)判别式法：设圆C ：(x －a )2＋(y －b )2＝r 2，直线l ：Ax ＋By ＋C ＝0(A 2＋B 2≠0)，方程组⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Ax ＋By ＋C ＝0，(x －a )2＋(y －b )2＝r 2， 消去y ，得到关于x 的一元二次方程，其根的判别式为Δ，则直线与圆相离⇔Δ<0，直线与圆相切⇔Δ＝0，直线与圆相交⇔Δ>0.2.圆与圆的位置关系有五种，即内含、内切、相交、外切、外离.3.圆上的点与圆外点的距离的最值问题，可以转化为圆心到点的距离问题；圆上的点与直线上点的距离的最值问题，可以转化为圆心到直线的距离问题；圆上的点与另一圆上点的距离的最值问题，可以转化为圆心到圆心的距离问题.例3 (1)(2019·长沙市长郡中学模拟)已知圆C 1：(x －2)2＋(y －2)2＝r 21(r 1>0)，圆C 2：(x ＋1)2＋(y ＋1)2＝r 22(r 2>0)，圆C 1与圆C 2相切，并且两圆的一条外公切线的斜率为7，则r 1r 2为________.(2)(2019·淄博模拟)已知直线l ：y ＝－2x －m (m >0)与圆C ：x 2＋y 2－2x －2y －23＝0，直线l 与圆C 相交于不同两点M ，N .若|MN →|≤2|CM →＋CN →|，则m 的取值范围是( ) A.[5，5) B.[2,55－3) C.(5,55)D.(3，2)跟踪演练3 (1)(2019·柳州模拟)已知点M 是抛物线y 2＝2x 上的动点，以点M 为圆心的圆被y 轴截得的弦长为8，则该圆被x 轴截得的弦长的最小值为( ) A.10 B.4 3 C.8 D.215(2)(2019·绵阳诊断)已知圆C 1：x 2＋y 2＝r 2，圆C 2：(x －a )2＋(y －b )2＝r 2(r >0)交于不同的A (x 1，y 1)，B (x 2，y 2)两点，给出下列结论：①a (x 1－x 2)＋b (y 1－y 2)＝0；②2ax 1＋2by 1＝a 2＋b 2；③x 1＋x 2＝a ，y 1＋y 2＝b .其中正确结论的个数是( ) A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3真题体验1.(2018·全国Ⅲ，理，6)直线x ＋y ＋2＝0分别与x 轴，y 轴交于A ，B 两点，点P 在圆(x －2)2＋y 2＝2上，则△ABP 面积的取值范围是( ) A.[2,6] B.[4,8] C.[2，32]D.[22，32]2.(2016·全国Ⅱ，理，4)圆x 2＋y 2－2x －8y ＋13＝0的圆心到直线ax ＋y －1＝0的距离为1，则a 等于( )A.－43B.－34C. 3D.23.(2019·浙江，12)已知圆C 的圆心坐标是(0，m )，半径长是r .若直线2x －y ＋3＝0与圆C 相切于点A (－2，－1)，则m ＝________，r ＝________. 押题预测1.已知直线x －ay ＝0与圆x 2＋(y ＋4)2＝9相切，则实数a 等于( ) A.377 B.－377 C.±377 D.972.若圆x 2＋y 2＝4与圆x 2＋y 2＋ax ＋2ay －9＝0(a >0)相交，公共弦的长为22，则a ＝________.3.甲、乙两人参加歌咏比赛的得分(均为两位数)如茎叶图所示，甲的平均数为b ，乙的众数为a ，且直线ax ＋by ＋8＝0与以A (1，－1)为圆心的圆交于B ，C 两点，且∠BAC ＝120°，则圆A 的标准方程为________.A 组 专题通关1.(2019·衡水质检)直线2x ·sin 210°－y －2＝0的倾斜角是( ) A.45° B.135° C.30° D.150°2.(2019·黄冈调研)过点A (1,2)的直线在两坐标轴上的截距之和为零，则该直线方程为( ) A.y －x ＝1B.y ＋x ＝3C.2x －y ＝0或x ＋y ＝3D.2x －y ＝0或y －x ＝13.(2019·东北三省三校模拟)设直线y ＝x －2与圆O ：x 2＋y 2＝a 2相交于A ，B 两点，且|AB |＝23，则圆O 的面积为( ) A.π B.2π C.4π D.8π4.(2019·湘赣十四校联考)圆(x ＋2)2＋(y －3)2＝9上到直线x ＋y ＝0的距离等于2的点有( ) A.4个 B.3个 C.2个 D.1个5.(2019·黄山质检)直线2x －y －3＝0与y 轴的交点为P ，点P 把圆(x ＋1)2＋y 2＝36的直径分为两段，则较长一段与较短一段的长度的比值等于( ) A.2 B.3 C.4 D.56.若直线ax ＋by ＋1＝0始终平分圆M ：x 2＋y 2＋4x ＋2y ＋1＝0，则(a －2)2＋(b －2)2的最小值为( )A. 5B.5C.2 5D.107.(2019·河北省五个一名校联盟诊断)已知点P 为圆C ：(x －1)2＋(y －2)2＝4上一点，A (0， －6)，B (4,0)，则|P A →＋PB →|的最大值为( ) A.26＋2 B.26＋4 C.226＋4D.226＋28.(2019·菏泽模拟)已知点P 是直线l ：3x ＋4y －7＝0上的动点，过点P 引圆C ：(x ＋1)2＋y 2＝r 2(r >0)的两条切线PM ，PN .M ，N 为切点，当∠MPN 的最大值为π3时，则r 的值为( )A.4B.3C.2D.1 9.(2019·宝鸡模拟)设D 为椭圆x 2＋y 25＝1上任意一点，A (0，－2)，B (0,2)，延长AD 至点P ，使得|PD |＝|BD |，则点P 的轨迹方程为( ) A.x 2＋(y －2)2＝20 B.x 2＋(y －2)2＝5 C.x 2＋(y ＋2)2＝20D.x 2＋(y ＋2)2＝510.(2019·德阳模拟)已知点P (－3,0)在动直线m (x －1)＋n (y －3)＝0上的投影为点M ，若点N ⎝⎛⎭⎫2，32，那么|MN |的最小值为( ) A.2 B.32 C.1 D.1211.已知圆C ：x 2＋y 2＝1，点P 为直线x ＋2y －4＝0上一动点，过点P 向圆C 引两条切线分别为P A ，PB ，A ，B 为切点，则直线AB 经过定点( ) A.⎝⎛⎭⎫12，14 B.⎝⎛⎭⎫14，12 C.⎝⎛⎭⎫34，0D.⎝⎛⎭⎫0，34 12.(2019·南昌模拟)已知A (－3，0)，B (3，0)，P 为圆x 2＋y 2＝1上的动点，AP →＝PQ →，过点P 作与AP 垂直的直线l 交直线QB 于点M ，则M 的横坐标的取值范围是( ) A.|x |≥1 B.|x |>1 C.|x |≥2D.|x |≥2213.(2019·福建四校联考)已知直线3x ＋4y －3＝0,6x ＋my ＋14＝0平行，则它们之间的距离是________.14.(2019·天津市十二重点中学联考)已知圆C 的圆心在x 轴的正半轴上，且y 轴和直线3x ＋4y ＋4＝0均与圆C 相切，则圆C 的标准方程为________.15.(2019·湖北省部分重点中学联考)已知O 为原点，过点P ⎝⎛⎭⎫1，－32的直线l 与圆O ：x 2＋y 2＝5相交于A ，B 两点，若△AOB 的面积为2，则直线l 的方程为________.16.(2019·辽宁省六校联考)已知⊙O ：x 2＋y 2＝1.若直线y ＝kx ＋2上总存在点P ，使得过点P 的⊙O 的两条切线互相垂直，则实数k 的取值范围是________.B 组 能力提高17.若对圆(x －1)2＋(y －1)2＝1上任意一点P (x ，y )，||3x －4y ＋a ||＋3x －4y －9的取值与x ，y 无关，则实数a 的取值范围是________.18.已知圆C 与x 轴相切于点T (1,0)，与y 轴正半轴交于两点A ，B (B 在A 的上方)且|AB |＝2，过点A 任作一条直线与圆O ：x 2＋y 2＝1相交于M ，N 两点，下列三个结论：①|NA ||NB |＝|MA ||MB |；②|NB ||NA |－|MA ||MB |＝2；③|NB ||NA |＋|MA ||MB |＝2 2.其中正确结论的序号是________.。
全国2019年高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题1 类型9 政经史地
类型9| 政经史地[经典案例分析](2017·江苏高考·A)【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。
文中作者向读者推荐了一本有关历史的书并介绍了其相关信息。
【长难句解读】 Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn't always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years' War didn't actually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holdsa rather unfortunate record.[分析]本句为并列复合句。
learn前面的and连接两个祈使句，第二个祈使句中有三个由why，how，why引导的宾语从句作learn的宾语。
[译文]穿越世界历史上最令人难以置信的100年，并且了解为什么做罗马的皇帝并没有像听起来那样好，百年战争实际上怎么并未持续100年，以及为什么斯宾塞·珀西瓦尔保持一个相当不幸的记录。
1．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?A．A biography.B．A travel guide.C．A history book. D．A science fiction.[考查细节理解。
由倒数第二段中的“While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories...this book also gives...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书，再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的迷人旅行(a fascinating journey through time)可判断这是一本历史书，故选C项。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏)教师用书：第1部分 专题3 类型8 政经史地
类型8| 政经史地(对应学生用书第82页)考查要点方法技巧1．政治形势和经济发展动态。
2．常识，基本概念、原理，现实意义。
3．地理现象的形成、影响，自然灾害的起因、后果、预防。
4．名胜古迹、文化遗产的形成，特点及其保护。
1．弄清文章诸要素之间的内在关系，并据此展开推理判断。
2．把握诸如位置、方位等细节，绘制简易地图。
3．掌握一些政经史地方面的常识。
(2017·江苏高考卷，C)A new commodity brings about a highly profitable ，fast growing industry ，urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow.A century ago ，the resource in question was oil.Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data ，the oil of the digital age.The most valuable firms are Google ，Amazon ，Facebook and Microsoft.All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.But size alone is not a crime.The giants' success has benefited consumers.Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery.Far from charging consumers high prices ，many of these services are free(users pay ，in effect ，by handing over yet more data)．And the appearance of newborn giants suggests that newcomers can make waves ，too.But there is cause for concern.The internet has made data abundant ，all present and far more valuable ，changing the nature of data and competition.Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better.But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services ：translation and visual recognition ，to be sold to other companies.Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a “God's eye view ” of activities in their ownmarkets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful.Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time，one of them would become great again.A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent，two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.When considering a merger(兼并)，for example，they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a newborn threat.When this takes place，especially when a newborn company has no revenue to speak of，the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply panies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from ernments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data，with users' consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy.But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants，they must act soon.1．Why is there a call to break up giants?A．They have controlled the data market.B．They collect enormous private data.C．They no longer provide free services.D．They dismissed some newborn giants.2．What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A．Data giants' technology is very expensive.B．Google's idea is popular among data firms.C．Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.D．Data can be turned into new services or products.3．By paying attention to firms' data assets，antitrust regulators could________．A．kill a new threatB．avoid the size trapC．favour bigger firmsD．charge higher prices4．What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data?A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.D．Small companies could get more opportunities.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。
2019年高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题1 类型3 科普知识
类型3| 科普知识[经典案例分析](2017·全国卷Ⅱ·C)Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a$10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279，000.And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。
2019年高考英语第二轮复习教师用书
专题一追本溯源突破阅读理解[命题规律]1．段首、段尾句首段首句或末段末句往往反映文章的主题或中心思想；某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是该段的主题句。
因此，命题者一般针对它们设置主旨大意题目。
2．转折、对比处一般来说，表示转折意义的信号词but，however，yet，on the contrary，in fact或体现对比关系的提示词unlike，while 后的内容往往是表意重点。
因此，命题者常常抓住这一特点设置推理判断、观点态度等题目。
3．引用人物论断处为了表达自己的观点或使论点更有说服力，作者常常引用他人的论断或重要发现进行证明。
命题者常常针对它们设置推理判断题目。
4．体现因果关系处命题者常常针对体现因果关系的because，for，as，since，now that，as a result，consequently，result in，result from等信号词设置细节理解、推理判断、观点态度等题目。
5．举例子、打比方处为了使自己的观点更有说服力，作者常常采用举例子或打比方等方法。
命题者常常抓住for example，for instance，such as，as等设置意图态度、推理判断等题目。
6．复杂句式处复杂句式一般包括同位语、插入语、长难句等，它们往往对考生准确理解文意形成障碍。
命题者往往针对这些复杂句式设置词义猜测、推理判断等题目。
7．特殊标点处破折号、冒号、括号、引号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释、说明或补充。
命题者往往针对这些标点符号后的内容设置细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意等题目。
[应试策略]1．通读全文，把握主题和大意考生在有限的时间里，充分利用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧速读全文，抓住关键词、高频词、主题句、标题、副标题、插图、表格等关键信息，把握文章结构，快速确定文章主旨大意。
2．关注体裁，理清思路与脉络记叙文多以时间或空间为线索展开故事；议论文通常包含论点、论据和结论，通过解释、举例来阐述观点；说明文往往有明确的写作顺序。
2019年全国II卷英语高考真题教师用书
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a library.B. In a bookstore.C. In a classroom.2. How does the woman feel now?A. Relaxed.B. Excited.C. Tired.3. How much will the man pay?A. $20.B. $80.C. $100.4. What does the man tell Jane to do?A. Postpone his appointment.B. Meet Mr. Douglas.C. Return at 3 o’clock.5. Why would David quit his job?A. To go back to school.B. To start his own firm.C. To work for his friend.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
全国2019年高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题1 类型7 文化教育
类型7| 文化教育[经典案例分析](2017·江苏高考·B)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule the roost．As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Ad v ances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at FlindersUniversity in South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！”call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls.In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”【语篇解读】研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。
全国2019年高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题1 类型1 广告宣传
(对应学生用书第8页)类型1| 广告宣传考查要点方法技巧1．广告宣传的目的。
2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。
3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。
4．所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。
1．浏览标题，了解大意。
2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。
3．通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。
[经典案例分析](2017·全国卷Ⅲ·A)San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning：February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration(时长)：2 hoursPrice：$90Back to the Fifties TourRunning：August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods，the 1950s！Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pmDuration：2 hoursPrice：$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning：October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesPrice：Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning：December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏专用)教师用书：第1部分 专题2 技法4 利用词汇复现解题
技法4| 利用词汇复现解题(对应学生用书第38页)词汇的复现关系指的是某一个词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其它形式重复出现在语篇中。
1．原词复现：指的是一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词性变化。
[典例](2015·江苏高考卷) I'm an ambitious ________，and when I started going through chemo(化疗)，even though I'm a very positive person，I lost my drive to write.A．reader B．writer C．editor D．doctorB [句意：我是一个雄心勃勃的作家，当我开始化疗的时候，虽然我是一个很积极乐观的人，但是我失去了写作的动力。
][点拨] 根据后面的“I lost my drive to write.”可知，作者是一个作家(writer)。
write和writer属于原词复现。
2．同义词、近义词的复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。
[典例1](2017·江苏高考卷) In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students，struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，________at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.A.rising up B．coming up C．driving up D．turning upD [在他上高中的第一年，加布里埃尔总是同情地看着学音乐的学生，拖着沉重的乐器盒子，艰难地在校园里走，在别人还都没到的时候，来到学校，练习几个小时。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏)教师用书：第1部分 专题2 技法2 利用语义逻辑关系解题
技法2| 利用语义逻辑关系解题(对应学生用书第36页)文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系，转折关系，递进关系，因果关系，目的关系，解释关系等。
完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。
因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。
[典例1](2017·江苏高考卷)He swore to himself to avoid music，as he hated getting to school extra early.________，one day，in the music class that was part of his school's standard curriculum，he was playing idly(随意地)on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes.A．Therefore B．However C．Thus D．Moreover【答案】 B[点拨] 根据上句的内容可知，他发誓要避开音乐，因为他不喜欢很早到校。
但是下文中说道“他发现(慢慢)分辨出曲调是容易的”，由此可见表示转折关系，因此选择However。
[典例2](2015·江苏高考卷)One day，while waiting to go in for treatment，I had one of Dr.Bernie's books in my hand.Another patient noticed what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me ________ he had one of his books with him as well.A.while B．because C．although D．providing【答案】 B[点拨] 另外一位病人开始和“我”交谈，是因为他也有一本伯尼·西格尔的书。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏)教师用书：第1部分 专题3 类型2 故事轶闻
类型2| 故事轶闻(对应学生用书第58页)(2017·浙江高考卷，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve．That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were mycompanions by day，and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.21．What is the text mainly about?A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.22．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?A．The cat would be closely watched.B．The cat would get some medical care.C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.B．He provided him with painting materials.C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D．He taught him how to make engravings.24．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to________．A．master the use of paintsB．appreciate landscape paintingsC．get to know other paintersD．make up his mind to be a painter【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候的艺术启蒙的故事。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏专用)教师用书：第1部分 专题3 模式1 细节理解题
专题三阅读理解(对应学生用书第42页)模式1| 细节理解题(对应学生用书第42页)(2017·江苏高考卷，A)56．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?A．A biography.B．A travel guide.C．A history book. D．A science fiction.57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?A．By giving details of its collection.B．By introducing some of its contents.C．By telling stories at the beginning.D．By comparing it with other books.56.C[考查细节理解。
首先根据题干中的“CHRONOLOGICA”定位到第二段，从第二段的第一句“CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time，from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.”可知，它与历史有关，再根据文中的“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative ...this bookalso gives an account”可知，它是一本书。
]57．B[考查细节理解。
根据文中的“Roman Emperor”“Spencer Perceval”“Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great”等可知，文章通过介绍一些具体的内容来向读者推荐这本书。
]A【导学号：25874026】(2017·镇江高三一模)Raise.meRaise.me is a neutral platform that allows sponsors and colleges to award MicroScholarships to students based on Colleges' and/or Sponsors' award criteria.By using the services，you should understand the following：Connecting with Users：·Educators may only connect with students from the schools or organizations that they serve，and may connect with an individual student only with that student's cators may also connect with colleges and sponsors via the services.·Students may only connect with educators from their own schools and organizations，and may connect with an individual educator only with that educator's permission.·Students may elect to follow sponsors via the services.Sponsors may only view the profiles(简介)of students who elect to follow them.Qualifying for Micro-Scholarships：·Students can earn Micro-Scholarships based on the courses and achievements they add to their profiles while they are in high school.·Students may only be awarded MicroScholarships from colleges and sponsors that they follow before the applicable College's and/or Sponsor's “Fo llow Deadline” for their class year，which is a date set by each college and sponsor and stated on such college's or sponsor's page on the services.Once a College's or Sponsor's Follow Deadline has passed，students who are seniors in high school may not continue to earnMicro-Scholarships from such college or sponsor.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。
高中英语高考专题1 第5讲
高考二轮专题析与练 ·英语
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第二部分 专题突破
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value－sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
数字运算能力。第二、三段描写研究过程；第四、五段写研究发现；第六段重申研
究发现。
高考二轮专题析与练 ·英语
全国2019年高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题1 类型2 故事轶闻
类型2| 故事轶闻考查要点方法技巧1.故事发生的背景、经过、结局。
2．情节、人物或事件之间的关系。
3．蕴含的哲理意义、风趣幽默。
1.理清叙事的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。
2．把握故事发生的主线，抓住情节、情感两条主线索。
3．领会故事细节与主题的关系。
[经典案例分析](2017·全国卷Ⅰ·B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all！The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it wasaccompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。
2019版高考英语二轮(江苏专用)教师用书：第1部分 专题5 第2讲 如何写好正文和结尾 Word版含解析
第二讲如何写好正文和结尾(对应学生用书第97页)一、发表看法1．写作步骤：发表观点→阐述理由或论据→总结、重申观点。
2．注意事项：(1)做这种题型，发表观点或看法后不要马上结束，一般都要说出你持这种观点或看法的理由，否则，文段就没有说服力。
(2)列出理由时不一定要直接说because，可以间接地陈述，要不露痕迹地说出理由，因为这是在写作，而不是在回答简答题。
3．常用句式赞成：①I maintain/hold the opinion that...我持……观点。
②I am in favour of the idea that...我赞成……这个想法。
③I strongly approve of the idea/view/position/brief/point that...我强烈地赞成……④I firmly support the idea/practice that...我坚定地支持……这个想法/做法。
⑤From my point of view/From my personal perspective/From my personalangle alone/As far as I am concerned，I prefer...就我而言，我赞成……⑥The opinion is both sound and reasonable.这个想法合情合理。
⑦From my personal perspective，understanding plays an important role in ourdaily life.在我看来，理解在日常生活中扮演着重要角色。
⑧As far as I am concerned，it's essential for people to care about others.在我看来，关心他人是非常重要的。
反对：①I am opposed to the idea that...我反对……这个想法。
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第一讲概要写作(对应学生用书第94页)一、记叙文的概要写作对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文的人物、事件、结果三大要素。
有些记叙文的结尾有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或故事带给人们的启示，在写摘要时也需把故事寓意表达出来。
(一)记叙文摘要的写法——要素串联法1．寻词摘句，确定要素记叙文通常包含时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、起因(why)、经过(how)等六大要素。
在阅读时要圈定这些要素。
2．整合信息，串联要素列出上述要素和关键词后，需要对其进行整合，把所圈定的要素按一定的逻辑顺序，在整合时要有所取舍，对于有助于揭示主题的主要信息，应该全部概括；而对于主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地舍弃。
3．认真审题，注意表达表达时要注意以下三点：(1)确定人称：如果原文是第一人称，在转述时一般要改为第三人称。
(2)确定时态：记叙文以一般过去时为主。
若记叙文中有作者从中得到的“启示”或“意义”等，一般用一般现在时表达。
(3)确定词数与句数：摘要要求是“以约30个单词概括”，从近两年高考阅卷的实际来看，满分作文概括的词数在26～38个单词之间。
受词数限制，概括部分一般用1～3句表达，以用2句最佳，句子过多，要么内容累赘，要么句式过于简单，均会影响表达效果。
(二)记叙文摘要的常用句式1．The writer mainly tells us...2．The author shares his experiences ...3．From the passage，we know that ...4．In the passage ...(三)典题示例阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括其内容要点。
After graduating from college，I decided to try for a job at a radio station，and then I would become a sports announcer.I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station，but got turned down every time.Seeing I was disappointed，my mother said，“Everything happens for the best.If you keep on trying，one day something good will happen.You'll realize that it wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment.”In one studio，a kind lady told me that big stations couldn't risk hiring an inexperienced person.“Go to small towns to find a small station that will give you a chance，”she suggested.So I tried WOC Radio in Davenport，Iowa.The program director，Peter MacArthur，told me they had already hired an announcer.So I was refused.As I left his office，I asked aloud，“How can a fellow get to be a sports announcer if he can't get a job in a radio station？”Suddenly MacArthur asked，“What did you say about sports? Do you know anything about football？” Then he let me stand before a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game.The program director was satisfied with me and I became a sports announcer the next day.Whenever I faced disappointment，my mother's words would come to my mind.[点拨]1．这是一篇记叙文，概括前需找出：(1)谁？(the writer/author)(2)干了什么事？(failed lots of times in looking for a job)(3)结果如何？(felt very disappointed)(4)经验教训(his mother inspired him to keep on, and he succeeded at last) 2．然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来，便是本文概要。
Summary：While looking for a job，the author suffered one failure after another，which made him feel very disappointed.It was his mother's encouraging words that inspired him to go on trying until he succeeded.二、议论文的概要写作议论文体的阅读材料，在写概要前，应该紧抓住议论文的文体特点、文章结构和三要素，准确捕捉材料的内容要点。
议论文的结构形式有“总分”、“总分总”、“分总”或“并列”等。
文章的三要素是：论点、论证、论据。
而三要素中最重要的应是论点，因此，准确把握文章的论点就显得非常重要了。
文章的论点往往在文章的首段或尾段，偶尔也在文章的中间。
在段落中往往又在首句或尾句，但学生还应特别注意段落中表转折或因果的连词，因为这些词往往会引出文章的论点。
(一)议论文摘要的写法——主题概括法1．找出关键词和主题句任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫作关键词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
一般地说，关键词通常是名词、动词或形容词。
议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。
作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。
议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。
2．根据关键词和主题句进行概括根据圈定的关键词和主题句进行改写，用相应的同义词进行替换或进行句型转换，千万不能原封不动地抄写原文。
变换表达的三种常见方法：(1)正话反说或反话正说法You will not succeed.＝You will fail.You can't be too careful when driving.＝You should be careful when driving.I can't agree with you more.＝I quite agree with you.(2)词性转换法The photo is of importance to me.＝The photo is important to me.(3)句式变化法①语态变换：Parents should give children more praise.→Children should be given more praise.②简单句变复合句：Children should be encouraged more.This will help them learn faster.→Children should be encouraged more，which will help them learn faster. 3．整合要点，限制词数用相应的连词对各要点进行连接，使其连贯，整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个单词左右)。
(二)议论文读写任务写作模板第一段：From what is mentioned above，we know...第二段：Those who are in favour of it state/claim that...Opponents of this view argue that...第三段：I hold the view that priorities should be focused on...(三)典题示例阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括其内容要点。
Students should think now about what extracurricular activities they would like to participate in may help them deepen their physical，creative，social，political，and career interests by bringing them into communication with other likeminded people they didn't previously know.You can join groups as a way to get support from other students.A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you.Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people.Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways，too.It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers you're well rounded and responsible.Specific activities help with specific goals.The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall，wandering the hall，or sleeping all afternoon.People who are participating are less likely to pick up bad habits，like smoking or drinking.[点拨]1．这篇议论文主要论述了参加课外活动的好处，一个段落说到一个好处(may help you deepen your interests，break down the barriers，helps you in other ways，are less likely to pick up bad habits)，在概括时只需把这几个段落的大意用自己的话转述出来。