(完整版)数据库重要术语(中英文)

单词汇总（数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容，在这里简单列一下，如果你实在没时间看书，至少这些单词要认识。

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1.数据库系统：database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)
2.数据库系统（DS），数据库管理系统（DBMS）
3.关系和关系数据库table= relation，column = attribute属性，domain, atomic domain, row= tuple，
relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance;
4.表=关系，列=属性属性，域，原子域，排=元组，关系型数据库，关系模式，关系实例，数
据库模式，数据库实例;
1.key们: super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced
relation;
2.超码，候选码，主码，外码，参照关系，被参照关系
5.关系代数(relational algebra)：selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations,
union, intersect, set difference ( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus
6.（关系代数）：选择，项目，自然连接，笛卡尔积，集合运算，集，交集，集合差（除\负），
重命名，分配，外连接，分组，元组关系演算
7. sql组成：
DDL：数据库模式定义语言，关键字：create
DML：数据操纵语言，关键字：Insert、delete、update
DCL：数据库控制语言，关键字：grant、remove
DQL：数据库查询语言，关键字：select
8.
3.SQL语言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries,
exists(as an operator), unique(as an operator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking, grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function
4.SQL语言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，SQL查询结构，聚合函数，嵌套子查询，存在（如运
营商），独特的（如运营商），标量子查询，断言指数（指数），目录，授权，所有权限，授予，撤销，GRANT OPTION，触发器，存储过程，存储函数
9.表结构相关：Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints
10.完整性约束，域名约束，参照完整性约束
5.数据库设计(ER 模型)：Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute,
single-valued and multivalued attribute, derived attribute,binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality,1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization
6.实体关系数据模型，ER图，复合属性，单值和多值属性，派生属性，二元关系集，关系集，
映射基数的程度，1-1，1-米，MN关系集合（一对一，一对多，多对多），参与部分或全部参与，弱实体集，分辨符属性，特化和概化
11.函数依赖理论：functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition,
First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation保持依赖, Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包, closure of a set of attributes属性集闭包,
Armstrong’s axioms Armstrong公理, reflexivity rule自反律, augmentation rule，增广率, transitivity传递律, restriction of F to R i ，F在Ri上的限定，canonical cover正则覆盖,
extraneous attributes无关属性, decomposition algorithm分解算法.
7.函数依赖，规范化，无损连接（或无损）分解，第一范式（1NF），第三范式（3NF）BC范
式（BCNF），R满足F，F持有R，依赖保存，平凡，一组函数依赖封闭，一组属性，
8.事务：transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并发控制系统concurrency control system,故障恢
复系统recovery system,事务状态transition state, 活动的active, 部分提交的partially committed, 失败的failed, 中止的aborted, 提交的committed,已结束的terminated, 调度schedule,操作冲突conflict of operations, 冲突等价conflict equivalence,冲突可串行化conflict serializablity,可串行化顺序serializablity order,联级回滚cascading rollback,封锁协议locking protocol,共享（S）锁shared-mode lock (S-lock),排他（X）锁exclusive-mode lock (X-lock), 相容性compatibility, 两阶段封锁协议2-phase locking protocol, 意向锁intention lock, 时间戳timestamp, 恢复机制recovery scheme,日志log, 基于日志的恢复log-based recovery, 延迟的修改deferred modification, 立即的修改immediate modification, 检查点checkpoint.
数据库系统DBS Database System
数据库系统应用Database –system applications
文件处理系统file-processing system
数据不一致性data inconsistency
一致性约束consistency constraint
数据抽象Data Abstraction
实例instance
模式schema
物理模式physical schema
逻辑模式logical schema
物理数据独立性physical data independence
数据模型data model
实体-联系模型entity-relationship model（E-R）
关系数据模型relational data model
基于对象的数据模型object-based data model
半结构化数据模型semistructured data model
数据库语言database language
数据定义语言data-definition language
数据操纵语言data-manipulation language
查询语言query language
元数据metadata
应用程序application program
规范化normalization
数据字典data dictionary
存储管理器storage manager
查询管理器query processor
事务transaction
原子性atomicity
故障恢复failure recovery
并发控制concurrency-control
两层和三层数据库体系结构two-tier/three-tier 数据挖掘data mining
数据库管理员DBA database administrator
表table
关系relation
元组tuple
空值null value
数据库模式database schema
数据库实例database instance
关系模式relation schema
关系实例relation instance
码keys
超码super key
候选码candidate key
主码primary key
外码foreign key
参照关系referencing relation
被参照关系referenced relation
属性attribute
域domain
原子域atomic domain
参照完整性约束referential integrity constraint 模式图schema diagram
查询语言query language
过程化语言procedural language
非过程化语言nonprocedural language
关系运算operations on relations
选择元组selection of tuples
选择属性selection of attributes
自然连接natural join
笛卡尔积Cartesian product
集合运算set operations
关系代数relational algebra
SQL查询语言SQL query structure
Select 字句select clause
From 字句from clause
Where 字句where clause
自然连接运算natural join operation
As字句as clause
Order by 字句order by clause
相关名称(相关变量，元组变量) correlation name （correlation variable，tuple variable）集合运算set operations
Union
Interest
Except
空值null values
真值“unknown”truth “unknown”
聚集函数aggregate functions
avg，min，max，sum，count
group by
having
嵌套子查询nested subqueries
集合比较set comparisons
{《，《=，》，》=}
{some，all}
exists
unique
lateral字句lateral clause
with字句with clause
标量子查询scalar subquery
数据库修改database modification
删除deletion
插入insertion
更新updating
参照完整性referential integrity
参照完整性约束referential –integrity constraint 或子集依赖subset dependency
可延迟的deferrable
断言assertion
连接类型join types
内连接和外连接inner and outer join
左外连接、右外连接和全外连接left 、right and full outer join
Natural 连接条件、using连接条件和on连接条件natural using and so on
视图定义view definition
物化视图materialized views
视图更新view update
事务transactions
提交commit work
回滚roll back work
原子事务atomic transaction
完整性约束integrity constraints
域约束domain constraints
唯一性约束unique constraint
Check 字句check clause
参照完整性referential integrity
级联删除cascading delete
级联更新cascading updates
断言assertions
日期和时间类型date and time types
默认值default values
索引index
大对象large object
用户定义类型user-defined types
域domains
目录catalogs
模式schemas
授权authorization
权限privileges
选择select
插入insert
更新update
所有权限all privileges
授予权限granting of privileges
收回权限revoking of privileges
授予权限的权限privileges to privileges Grant option
角色roles
视图授权authorization on views
执行授权execute authorization
调用者权限invoker privileges
行级授权row-level authorization
JDBC
ODBC
预备语句prepared statements
访问元数据accessing metadata
SQL注入SQL injection
嵌入式SQL embedded SQL
游标cursors
可更新的游标updatable cursors
动态SQL dynamic SQL
SQL函数SQL functions
存储过程stored procedures
过程化结构procedural constructs
外部语言例程external language routines
触发器trigger
Before 和after 触发器before and after triggers
过渡变量和过渡表transition variables and tables
递归查询recursive queries
单调查询monotonic queries
排名函数ranking functions
Rank
Dense rank
Partition by
分窗windowing
联机分析处理（OLAP）online analytical processing
多维数据multidimensional data
度量属性measure attributes
维属性dimension attributes
转轴pivoting
数据立方体data cube
切片和切块slicing and dicing
上卷和下钻rollup and drill down
交叉表cross-tabulation
第七章
实体-联系数据模型Entity-relationship data model
实体和实体集entity and entity set
属性attribute
域domain
简单和复合属性simple and composite attributes
单值和多值属性single-valued and multivalued attributes
空值null value
派生属性derived attribute
超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key 联系和联系集relationship and relationship set
二元联系集binary relationship set
联系集的度degree of relationship set
描述性属性descriptive attributes
超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key 角色role
自环联系集recursive relationship set
E-R图E-R diagram
映射基数mapping cardinality
一对一联系one-to-one relationship
一对多联系one-to-many relationship
多对一联系many-to-one relationship
多对多联系many-to-many relationship
参与participation
全部参与total participation
部分参与partial participation
弱实体集和强实体集weak entity sets and strong entity sets
分辨符属性discriminator attributes
标识联系identifying relationship
特化和概化specialization and generalization
超类和子类superclass and subclass
属性继承a ttribute inheritance
单和多继承single and multiple inheritance
条件定义的和用户定义的成员资格condition-defined and userdefined membership 不相交概化和重叠概化disjoint and overlapping generalization
全部概化和部分概化total and partial generalization
聚集aggregation
UML
UML类图UML class diagram
第八章
E-R模型和规范化E-R model and normalization
分解decomposition
函数依赖functional dependencies
无损分解lossless decomposition
原子域atomic domains
第一范式（1NF）first normal form(1NF)
合法关系legal relations
超码super key
R满足F R satisfies F
F在R上成立F holds on R
Boyce-Codd范式BCNF Boyce-Codd normal form(BCNF)
保持依赖dependency preservation
第三范式（3NF）third normal form(3NF)
平凡的函数依赖thivial functional dependencies
函数依赖集的闭包closure of a set of functional dependencies
Armstrong公理Armstrong ‘s axioms
属性集闭包closure of attribute sets
F在Ri上的限定restriction of F to Ri
正则覆盖canonical cover
无关属性extraneous attributes
BCNF分解算法BCNF decomposition algorithm
3NF分解算法3NF decomposition algorithm
多值依赖multivalued dependencies
第四范式（4NF）fourth normal form(4NF)
多值依赖的限定restriction of a multivalued independency
投影-连接范式（PJNF）project-join normal form(PJNF)
域-码范式（DKNF）domain-key normal form(DKNF)
泛关系universal relation
唯一角色假设unique-role assumption 去规范化denormalization。