母猪管理

200天龄内表现发情的母猪数
Number of gilts exhibiting pubertal oestrus within 200 days of age
12/26
41/52
初产母猪管理目标
Objective of Gilt Management
尽早开始母猪的繁殖性能如
200天龄左右
Begin the breeding life of the gilt as early as practical eg 200 days of age
配种前增加饲喂量
Flush gilts for 2 weeks prior to mating
诱发性成熟
Puberty Stimulation 从23-29周龄开始Commence from 23-29 weeks of age 换掉并将母猪放小群饲养Shifting and grouping gilts 公猪接触Boar contact
193 203
排卵数
Ovulation rate at puberty
9.4
9.7
11.0
11.0
发情期前给予高能量摄入量 增加的排卵数
Days pigs given high energy intake before oestrus Increase in Ovulation rate
0-1 2-7 10 11-14
现代哺乳母猪的特点
Characteristics of the Modern Lactating Sow
泌乳量增加
Greater Productivity
机体营养储备减少
Less body tissue reserves
取食调节能力差
Lower voluntary feed intake
母 猪 哺 乳
19.4ME
5.8ME 25.2ME 26.2DE 18.6DE
714DCP
126DCP 840DCP 988CP 960cp
50d lys
4d lys 54d lys 64 lys 51 lys
维持需要的营养
Maintenance requirement
饲料中所需的营养总量
Total dietary requirement
215
227
237
254
249
267
提高哺乳期母猪采食量的管理方法
Management methods to ensure high voluntary feed intake during lactation
给料次数Feed frequently 料槽设计Feeder design 供水奅足plentiful water supply 提高能量水平Increase energy density 提高蛋白质水平Increase protein density 控制孕期采食量Control pregnancy intake
7.8
6.7
5.3
5.1
4.4
220
228
216
229
228
母猪分娩时体重
Liveweight at farrowing
轻
Light
重Heavy 182 27.7
分娩时At Farrowing
体重(公斤)
Live weight(kg)
133 18.6
背膘厚(毫米)
p2 backfat(mm)
窝增重(公斤/天)
母猪体重
Sow body weight
哺乳期饲料采食量
Lactation food intake
哺乳料蛋白水平
Dietary Protein in Lactation(%cp) Piglet growth rate 0-28 days(g/d) 6.3 9.8 13.3 16.8 20.3 23.8
青年母猪管理的一些变化
Major changes in the management of the gilt and young sow
缩短哺乳周期Reduced lactation length
猪舍环境集约化Intensive housing
配种年龄降低Younger mating age 配种体重减少以及更少营养
Litter growth rate(kg/d)
2.17
2.46
膘肥母猪
Fat Sows
瘦肉型母猪
Lean Sows
体重(公斤)
Liveweight(kg)
168
167ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
背膘厚度(毫米)
P2 backfat(mm)
37
1.45
26
2.22
窝增重(公斤/天)
Litter gain(kg/d)
商品猪场母猪哺乳期饲料采食量
Weaning to oestrus interval
影响初产母猪哺乳及繁殖性能的因素
Factors affecting Lactation and Reproductive Performance of First-Litter
哺乳饲料
Lactation diet
• 蛋白质水平Protein content • 能量水平Energy content
Sows mated within 14days of weaning
20/40
160
31/39
175
仔猪日增重
Piglet growth rate(g/d)
增加初产母猪哺乳期营养摄入量可以
Increasing the nutrient intake of sows during their first lactation
Sow lactation
营养摄取
Nutrients
机体营养储备
Body Tissue Reserves
产乳营养
Milk Production
维持营养
Maintenance
200公斤体重母猪在日产10公升奶时的营养需要
Daily Nutrient Requirements of a 200kg sow producing 10 litres of milk/day
3.00 4.3
3.15 4.3
3.30 4.3
3.45 4.4
3.60 4.5
饲料采食量(公斤)
Feed intake
哺 乳 期
During lactation
体重损失(公斤)
Liveweight loss(kg) 20 18 16 14 16
背膘损失(毫米) Backfat loss(mm) 仔猪日增重(克/天) Piglet growth rate(g/d)
诱发提早性成熟
Induce early puberty
在 165 天 龄 时
At 165 days of age
体重(公斤)
Live weight (kg)
71 11.3
71 20.9
101
100
背膘厚度(毫米)
P2 backfat(mm)
21.7 27.0 179 187
性成熟年龄(天)
Age at puberty(d)
6公斤哺乳料含有
6kg Lactation Diet (3.10Mcal DE/kg,16%cp ,0.85%lysine
哺乳期体重损失后造成的影响
Consequences of body weight losses during lactation
产奶量
Milk Production
断奶至发情间隔
仔猪日增重0-28天
179 193 215 227 213 216
15%cp 16.5%cp 12.5McalDE/kg 13.0McalDE/kg 0.65%Lysine 0.83%Lysine 日采食量（公斤/天）
Daily feed intake(kg/d)
3.0
3.6
断奶后14天内配种母猪
储备Lighter body weight and less body reserves

2o周至性成熟时的采食量（公斤/天）
Feed intake between 20 weeks of age and puberty(kg/d)
1.7
2.7

性成熟年龄
Age at puberty(d)
200
192
能量(兆卡)
Energy(Mcal)
蛋白(克)
Protein(g)
赖氨酸(克)
Lysine(g)
奶中营养
Nutrient in milk
13.0GE
0.67
500cp
0.70
35d lys
0.70
营养转化率
Efficiency of nutrient utilisation
饲料中营养需求
Nutrient Required in Diet
69 134 137
4.46
96
5.30 25,000
消化能摄入量(千卡/天)
DE intake(MJ/d)
9.2
11.4
13.6
15.8
18.0
20.2
哺乳期体重损失(公斤)
During Lactation Liveweight loss(kg)
31
24
18
19
12
6
仔猪日增重(克/天)
Piglet growth rate(g/d)
种猪群生产性能
Breeding Herd Performance
pig pig pig Upper Stats 99 Champ 99 Champ 99 10% U.S Canada 指标 Parameter 平均性能 Average Performance 平均胎次 Average sow parity 2.2 2.6 3.0 * 母猪群大小 NO. of herds 28 612 213 1479 公母比例 Sows:Boars 19.7 56 21 * 母猪淘汰率Sow Replacement Rate(%) 72.3 58.5 47.5 31.3 表观配种率 Apparent Conception Rate(%) 86.7 85.6 89.3 95.9 分娩率Forrowing Rate(%) 77.6 73.2 75.6 88.2 窝仔数 Litter Size:Born 11.1 11.2 11.4 12.0 活仔数 Born alive 10.2 10.2 10.6 11.0 断奶窝仔数Weaned 8.9 8.8 9.3 9.9
Voluntary intake of Lactating sows in Commercial Herds
猪
场
初产母猪
FIRST-LITTER SOWS
经产母猪
OLDER SOWS
PIGGERY
Kg/d
No.
Kg/d
No.
Vic维多利亚 NSW新南威而逊 WA西澳 USA美国
3.20 4.47 3.61 4.50
种猪群生产性能
Breeding Herd Performance
pig pig pig Upper Stats 99 Champ 99 Champ 99 10% U.S Canada 指标 Parameter 平均性能 Average Performance 死胎率Still Birth Rate(%) 8.2 7.3 7.0 4.2 断奶前死亡率Preweaning mortality(%) 12.2 13.7 12.3 10.0 断奶天龄(天)Weaning age(d) 22.4 18.9 21.3 * 断奶至发情天数(天)Weaning to Oestrus(d) 7.1 8.2 6.7 5.5 年产窝数Litter per sow per year 2.22 2.10 2.25 2.37 分娩间隔(天)Farrowing interval(d) 164 174 162 154 非生产天数(天)Non-productive days 28 40 26 18
1.3 0.9 1.6 2.2
推荐的初产母猪饲喂策略
Recommended Feeding Strategy for Gilts
选种后至配种前自由采食
Liberal feeding between selection and mating
7月龄达到125公斤体重
Aim for125 kg at about 7 mouths of age
减少断奶后不发情现象
Reduces the incidence of post-weaning anoestrus
可以提高仔猪断奶体重
May improve the weaning weight of pigs
日粮消化能水平(兆卡/公斤)
Dietary DE Content(Mcal/kg)
• 用成年公猪Use mature boars • 用经常配种的公猪Use boars that get regular matings • 母猪在配种间或母猪舍与公猪混合Put gilts in
pen with boars or DMA
• 每天接触30分钟
30 minutes of daily contact