教学法考点

Principles

2.4 Principles of CLT (Communicative language teaching)

1 Communication principle：activities involve real communication to promote learning.

2 Task principle：activities in which language is used for Carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning

3 Meaningfulness principle：Meaningful language to the learner supports the learning process

3.2 Designing principles for the National English Curriculum[kʌ'rɪkjʊləm]课程

1) Aim for educating all students, and emphasize quality-oriented education.素质教育

2) Promote learner-centeredness, and respect individual differences.

3) Develop competence-based objectives,能力本位目标and allow flexibility[,fleksɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]灵活性and adaptability. [ə,dæptə'bɪlətɪ]适

应性；可变性

4) Pay close attention to the learning process, and advocate experiential learning and participation.

5) Attach particular importance to formative['fɔ:mətiv形成的；造型的；格式化的assessment,评定；估价and give special attention to the development of competence. 6) Optimize learning resources, and maximize opportunities for learning and using the language.

考点(10分)4.2 Principles for Good Lesson Planning

1.A im: the realistic goals for the lesson; what

students are able to do by the end of the lesson;

2.V ariety: different types of activities; a wide

selection of materials;

3.F lexibility:[,fleksɪ'bɪlɪtɪ preparing some extra

and alternative tasks and activities

4.L earnability:[,lə:nə'biliti] . 可学习性；易学性the contents

and tasks planned should be within the learning capability of the students

Doing things that are beyond or below the student s‟ coping ability will diminish their motivation (Schumann, 1999)

5.L inkage:连接；结合；联接the stages and the steps

within each stage are linked with one another.

9.4 Principles for teaching listening

考点9.4.1 Four principles

1.F ocus on process: listening is as active a skill as speaking (attending, parsing, decoding,破译；译

解re-encoding, understanding…)

2.C ombine listening with other skills: listening is not an isolated skill. Listening +speaking (retelling, interviewing, discussion, answers); listening+ writing (note-taking, a writing task).

3.F ocus on comprehension of meaning: listening comprehension, not memory checking.

4.G rade difficulty level appropriately: 3 major factors –1)type of language used; 2) task or

purpose in listening; 3) context in which the listening occurs.

了解9.4.2 Principles for selecting and using listening activities

Oxford (1993: 210) offered 12 principles: 1.The listening activity must have a real, communicative purpose.

2.The activity must use authentic language without significantly slower or simpler speech.

3.Pre-listening tasks (e.g. discussing the topic, brainstorming, presenting voc, sharing of related articles) must be used to stimulate the appropriate background knowledge and help learners identify the purpose of the activity.

4.The listening text must offer content that is personally interesting and motivating to learners.

5.To allow listeners to infer断；作出推论meaning from body language and related