英美文选资料复习

二现实Twain,James,Emily Dickinson,Dreiser(自然主义,三代表,历险记,贵妇人,黛西,三部曲,嘉丽)

一:现实主义时期界定:The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of Realism .

二:历史文化背景:The American society after the Civil War provided rich soil for the rise and development of Realism .American had transformed itself from a Jeffersonian agrarian community into an industrialized and commercialized society .The burgeoning economy and industry stepped up urbanization .Polarization of the well-being started to show up ,with the poor poorer and the rich richer .

三:文学特点:The Realistic period is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature ,especially American fiction ,from the 1850s

onwards .Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions .

四:现实主义与自然主义的异同:Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic .It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality ,or to human existence .

五:自然主义:The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism :American naturalism .Artistically naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language ,lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure .philosophically ,the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual ,or beyong his control. 六:重要作家:

①Mark Twain 马克吐温作品及内容：H.L.Mencken considered he“the true father foor our national literature”.His Roughing It describes a journey that works its way farther and farther west through Navada to San Francisco and then to Hawaii .Life on the Mississippi tells a story of his boyhood ambition to become a riverboat pilot ,this time up and down the Mississippi .The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys .里程碑Adventures of Huckleberry Finne is a boy's book written for the adults ,and Hemingway described

it“all modern American literature comes”.人物刻画及语言风格:Mark Twain is the most famous local colorist , ,it concerned with the life of a small ,well-defined region or province .his humor characterized by puns ,straight-faced exaggeration ,repetition ,and anti-climax ,let alone tricks of travesty and invective ,is remarkable .In Adventures of Huckleberry Finne 解析:Huck is polarized by the two opposing forces between his heart and his head ,between his affection for Jim and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escape .Huck's final decision--to follow his own good-hearted moral impulse rather than conventional village morality .Setting :he used the Mississippi valley as his fictional kingdom ,writing about the landscape and people ,the customs and the dialects of one particular region ,and is therefore known as a local colorist ;Characters :he creats life-like characters ,especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn ,who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality ;Language ;it is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class ,the living local American English .

②Henry James亨利詹姆斯:国际标准考虑职业，1876定居伦敦，1915加英国

籍:His career is devided into three periods .代表作:The Portrait of A Lady ,which