2019中考英语专题讲练: 动词不定式(含解析)
(26套全)2019年中考英语语法专项讲义附练习(史上最全的中考语法讲义)
(26套全)2019年中考英语语法专项讲义附练习(史上最全的中考语法讲义)被动语态被动语态知识精讲一、被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义。
其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。
be本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化与时态中的变化一致。
各种时态的被动语态结构表(以动词do为例):时态被动语态例句The classroom is cleaned by us.一般现在时am/is/are+ done教室被我们打扫。
The kite was made by him yesterday.一般过去时was/were+ done昨天,风筝被他制作。
Flowers are being watered by her.现在进行时am/is/are+ being+ done花儿现在正在被她浇。
The work has been finished by Jim.现在完成时have/has +been+ done工作已经被做完。
二、被动语态的用法1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
例:The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
2. 当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
例:The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。
3. 当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。
山东专用2019年中考英语复习专题十一非谓语动词试卷部分含18年中考真题精解精析课件20180906456
答案 D 句意:辛迪的奶奶正在学习用新手机。本题考查动词不定式。learn to do sth. 学习 做某事,故选D。
6.(2016济宁,21)The show was so funny that it made everyone again and again. ugh ughed ughing D.to laugh
中考英语
(山东专用)
专题十一 非谓语动词
五年中考 A组 2014—2018年山东中考题组
考点一 动词不定式
1.(2018临沂,23)I didn't see you in. You must have been very qome
答案 A 句意:作为一名志愿者,这个女孩想去看望医院里生病的孩子,让他们高兴起来。本 题考查动词不定式。此处不定式作目的状语,故选A。
4.(2017临沂,22)Doctors in the town are using the books their studies and treat patients. A.continue B.to continue C.continuing D.continues
答案 C 句意:Larry希望提高他的英语水平,所以他坚持每天练习它。本题考查非谓语动 词。hope to do sth.希望做某事,排除B和D。solve解决;improve提高。根据题意可知选C。 3.(2017青岛,13)As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up. A.to cheer B.cheer C.cheering D.cheered
答案 C 句意:我没看见你进来。你一定很安静。本题考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.看见 某人做某事,故选C。
(浙江地区)2019年中考英语复习专题十二非谓语动词(讲解部分)素材(pdf)[001]
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语 要和句子的主语一致
1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在
句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.+(for / of sb.+)动词不定式。 如: To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It������s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在 kind, good, nice, clever 等 表 示 人 的 品 质 的 形 容 词
屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语 表示主语的“职业、职责” 等
I wish to speak to the manager. 宾语
我想跟经理说话。
只能作某些动词的宾语,一 般不作介词的宾语
She asked me not to speak Chinese 宾补 in class. 她 让 我 在 课 上 不 要 讲
专题十二 非谓语动词 5 1
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2019年中考英语专题讲练:句子的基本结构和成分(含解析)
2019年中考英语专题讲练:句⼦的基本结构和成分(含解析)句⼦的基本结构和成分句⼦基本结构和成分知识精讲⼀、句⼦基本结构1. 主谓宾结构:“主谓宾”结构是英⽂表达中最基本的结构,表达“谁做了什么事”,句中的“谁”即主语;“做了”即谓语;“什么事”为宾语。
1). 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。
主语⼀般在句⾸。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家,如:The boy comes from America. 这个男孩来⾃美国。
He made a speech. 他做了演讲。
Tow and two is four. ⼆乘⼆等于四。
To be a teacher is my dream. 成为⽼师是我的梦想。
Doing a research is a necessary step when you write an essay.当你写论⽂时,做调查是很有必要的⼀步。
2). 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主⾓,⼀般在主语之后,后接宾语。
但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.),没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:I have arrived. 我已经到了Many changes took place in my hometown.家乡发⽣了很多变化。
注:以下这些词是不及物动词:表发⽣、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等3). 宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,⼀般同主语构成⼀样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是宾格形式,如:me,him,them 等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语,如:I will do it tomorrow. 我明天在做(这件事)。
The boy needs a pen. 这个男孩需要⼀只钢笔。
I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。
2019中考英语专题讲练: 不定代词(含解析)
不定代词不定代词知识精讲一、不定代词的定义:不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。
二、一般不定代词及用法1. some/any含义:“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。
区别:1). some用于陈肯句;any用于疑问句或否定句。
例:I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能;any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能,意为“任何”。
Would you like some coffee?You may come at any time.2. many/muchThere are too many mistakes in your diary.So many people are waiting for the bus.Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.3. few/a few/little/a littleHe has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4. both, either, neither, all, every, none5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.I don’t like this gre en pencil, please give me another one.In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.三、复合不定代词及用法1. 复合不定代词的构成:复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing所组成的不定代词。
2019-2020学年中考英语专题讲练 动词不定式(含解析).doc
2019-2020学年中考英语专题讲练动词不定式(含解析)知识精讲非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但要遵循基本的时态语态规则,在句中充当各种成分。
一、动词不定式基本构成注意:动词不定式在一些感官动词(see, watch, hear等)或使役动词(make, let, have 等)的后面,做宾补时,通常会省略to,如:The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。
二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。
1. 不定式作主语1). 动词不定式短语作句子主语时,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,如:To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。
2). 不定式短语作主语时,为了考虑句子的平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面,结构为:It+is/ was+adj. (+for sb.)+动词不定式,如上一句话也可写成:It’s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。
It’s very important for us to learn English well.学好英语对于我们来说很重要。
2. 动词不定式作宾语1). 动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语,这种形式非常常见,就是我们平时积累的一些动词后面跟to do形式,如:I have decided to study hard.我已经决定要刻苦学习。
常见的这类动词有:begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, try, want, wish, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。
2019年中考英语动词不定式练习(带答案)
2019年中考英语动词不定式练习(名师总结必考知识点+实战训练,建议下载练习)一、动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,不受人称和数的变化限制,它是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成。
There is going to be a sports meeting in our school next week.下周我们学校将举行运动会。
1.考查动词不定式作宾语有些动词,如hope, decide, ask, agree, wish, choose, would like等,一般只能用动词不定式作宾语,而确旨用动词-ing形式作宾语。
【真题再现】①(2017江苏苏州)一Jack, why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course?一To learn more about Chinese culture.A. takeB. takenC. takingD. to take【解析】根据decide to do sth.结构确定选D。
②(2017山东临沂)Cindy's grandmother is learning the new mobile phone.A. useB. usesC. usedD. to use【解析】learn to do sth.意为“学做某事”。
故选D。
【注意】用动词不定式(短语)作宾语时,如果其后有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,其句型为:主语+谓语+it十宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)。
【真题再现】(2017湖北黄石)Chinese people find our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road(一带一路).A. itB. thisC. thatD. these【解析】此空要用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road。
2019中考英语:动词不定式短语归纳+练习含答案(最新整理)
2019中考英语:动词不定式短语归纳+练习含答案常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结.固定用法(非谓语动词):一.以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配★希望做某事hope to do sth.★决定做某事decide to do sth.★同意做某事agree to do sth.★需要某人做某事need to do sth.★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do★准备做某事get/be ready to do★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth★计划做某事plan to do sth.★不得不have to do★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.★喜欢/想要某人做某事like sb. to do sth.★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了★★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of)例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike.★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能例: He was too angry to say a word.★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… 例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事例句:Who is the first to get there?★我不知/忘记了怎么办。
(广东专用)2019年中考英语总复习第2部分语法专题复习
• ①To learn from others is necessary for you. = It's necessary for you to learn from others. 对于 你来说,向他人学习是必要的。 • ②It is a shame to say like that. 那样说话是可耻 的。 • (2)作宾语: • ① 一般情况下,不定式作部分动词的宾语。经 常接不定式作宾语(即动词+to do sth.)的动词有: like, want, hope, agree, wish, decide, try, expect, refuse, afford, plan, pretend, continue, promise, forget等。
• 注意 在一些使役动词和感官动词后,要把不定 式结构中的to省略。常见的有:一感:(feel)、二 听(listen to, hear)、三使(let, make, have)、五看 (watch, see, notice, look at, observe)、半帮助 (help)。如: • ①saw my mother enter the kitchen just now. 刚 才我看到妈妈进厨房了。 • ②Please help me (to) move the table away. 请帮 我把桌子移走。
C
•( )3. (2016广东)Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting ________an Oscar and finally he made it. • A.to win B.winning • C.not to win D.not winning • ( B )4. (2015广东)We advise parents ______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. • A.not leave B.not to leave • C.leave D.to leave
2019年中考英语动词不定式语法讲解
2019年中考英语动词不定式语法讲解(名师精讲必考语法+实战练习题,值得下载练习)一、动词不定式的结构1. 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to否定形式是not to+动词原形2. 动词不定式仍然具有动词的功能,可以接宾语或状语而构成不定式短语。
例如:to beat the opponent 打败对手to put on your coat 穿上你的大衣to drive fast 快速驾车to return home 归国,回家注意:不定式之前的to 与介词to功能不同。
介词to 之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语。
而不定式的to的后面需要跟原形动词。
例如:speak to him (to是介词)to speak English (to是不定式)二、动词不定式的句法功能1、动词不定式作主语当动词不定式作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数。
例如:To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。
)To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。
To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)当动词不定式在句子中作主语时,通常使用it作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语,以使句子保持平衡。
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It is not difficult to work out the problem.It's very kind of you to help us.It's for sb.和It's of sb.这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
2019中考英语真题专练--动词(含解析)(最新整理)
2019 中考英语真题专练--动词(含解析)命题点一:实义动词辨析1.(2018 天津)Don't any more time, or we will miss the meeting.A.saveB. trustC. wasteD. love2.(2018 重庆B 卷)You must be more careful and the same mistakes you've ever made.A.planB. followC. avoidD. enjoy3.(2018 安徽)For our own safety, it's important to the traffic rules on the way to school.A.followB. changeC. makeD. break4.(2018 河南)My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't to see them after several months away from home.A.waitB. helpC. expectD. afford5.(2018 ft西)In our life, we need to those people who help us, such as our parents, teachers and friends.A.thankB. remindC. teach6.(2018 南京)Can you help me those exercise books? I got a different number each time.A.carryB. moveC. writeD. count7.(2018 武汉)—Come home before dinner time, Peter!—I,Mom.A.promiseB. guessC. wishD. admire8.(2018 武汉)—Her father tried to that nothing unusual had happened.—In fact, it was not serious.A.imagineB. pretendC. meanD. warn9.(2018 大连)Tom and Jerry are very funny. I can't help when I watch them.A.singingB. laughingC. sleepingD. talking10.(2018 呼和浩特)—Did you watch the football game yesterday?—Yes, I did. John is really a dark horse. Nobody him to go so far.A.wantedB. encouragedC. expectedD. hoped11.(2018 连云港)Attention, please! The last award will be to the best singer of the year—Coco Lee.A. lentB. introducedC. donatedD. presented12.(2018 漳州)As students, we ought to the act of cheating in the exams.A. provideB. preferC. prevent13.(2018 达州)—I've no idea where to go next month.—Why not visiting Beijing? There are so many places of interest there.A. suggestB. wonderC. considerD. regard14.(2018 威海)Their football team was in that important game.A. wonB. beatenC. failed15.(2018 无锡)As the story,the secret of the castle is discovered little by little.A. endsB. beginsC. developsD. happens16.(2018 荆州)—My English is so weak. Can you help me, Gina?—Practice more and the most important is to a good habit of reading.A. makeB. completeC. developD. show17.(2018 孝感)Don't the chance when you can catch it, or you will regret.A. guessB. missC. rememberD. allow18.(2018 襄阳)—Where is Xi's Family Garden(习家池)?—It 5 km.south to the Old City of Xiangyang.A. liesB. livesC. laysD. lists19.(2018 宜昌)—If you always yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. —I agree. We should believe in ourselves.A. compareB. communicateC. createD. consider20.(2018 泰安)—How is George now?—I hear the manager him a good job, but he refused it.A. showedB. offeredC. passedD. paid21.(2018 宜昌)—Food safety has become a social focus now.—That's why laws are made to crimes on food.A. recordB. preventC. divideD. separate22.(2018 沈阳)We talked about the problem and Tim doing some research first.A. finishedB. enjoyedC. suggestedD. practised23.(2018 葫芦岛)—I have no plan for the vacation.—Why don't you relax and the countryside?A. enjoyB. paintC. loveD. develop24.(2018 东营)“重要的事情说三遍。
2019年中考英语语法专题讲练: 动词不定式 讲解附练习(含解析)
动词不定式动词不定式知识精讲非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但要遵循基本的时态语态规则,在句中充当各种成分。
一、动词不定式基本构成注意:动词不定式在一些感官动词(see, watch, hear等)或使役动词(make, let, have 等)的后面,做宾补时,通常会省略to,如:The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。
二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。
1. 不定式作主语1). 动词不定式短语作句子主语时,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,如:To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。
2). 不定式短语作主语时,为了考虑句子的平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面,结构为:It+is/ was+adj. (+for sb.)+动词不定式,如上一句话也可写成:It’s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。
It’s very important for us to learn English well.学好英语对于我们来说很重要。
2. 动词不定式作宾语1). 动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语,这种形式非常常见,就是我们平时积累的一些动词后面跟to do形式,如:I have decided to study hard.我已经决定要刻苦学习。
常见的这类动词有:begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, try, want, wish, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。
(山东专用)2019年中考英语复习专题十一非谓语动词(讲解部分)素材(pdf)
5 年中考 3 年模拟
专题十一 ㊀ 非谓语动词76 Nhomakorabea知识结构
构成:( to) + 动词原形 ì ï 动词不定式 功能:除谓语外的任何成分 ï 不带 to 的情况:使役动词和感官动词后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语 ï ï 构成:v. ⁃ing ï 非谓语动词 í ʀ动名词 功能:主语㊁宾语㊁表语㊁定语 ï 动词不定式与动名词的区别 ï 构成:v. ⁃ing / v. ⁃ed( 规则变化) ï ï ʀʀ分词 功能:表语㊁补足语㊁定语㊁状语 ï 现在分词与过去分词的区别 î
有一感( feel) ㊁ 二听 ( hear, listen to) ㊁ 三让 ( let,make, have) ㊁ 四 看 ( look at,see, 动词 help 后面的不定式,可以带 to,也可以不带 to
专题十一㊀ 非谓语动词
37 ㊀
续表
用法
说明 作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关 place 或 way 时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词 系,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词; 但是, 当不定式修饰的名词是 time, 不定式修饰 something, anything, nothing 时, 放 在 它 们 的 后 面, 如 果 something, anything,nothing 有形容词修饰, 词序是:something / anything / nothing+ 形容词 + 不 定式 不定式经常作目的状语,可位于句首或句末
动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末, 避免句子 头重脚轻 如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者, 可以在不定式前加一个 for 短语㊂ 其 结构为 It+be+ adj. +for sb.+to do sth. 在以某些表示人的品质㊁特征等的形容词 ( 如 kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite 等) 作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个 of 短语, 用来说明动作的执行者㊂ 其结 构为 It+be+ adj. +of sb.+to do sth. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时, 第一个不定式带 to, 后面的不定式通常 省略 to 不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有 begin,choose,continue, 作 宾 语 decide,expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like 等 在 find,think 后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面 had better do...,...would rather do...,Could / Would / Will you please do... 作 宾 语 补 足 语 encourage 等
2019中考英语语法讲解资料及练习:不定式
2019中考英语语法讲解资料及练习:不定式不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密,本不该拆开来讲,可是篇幅有限,只能让他们分开了。
不定式的构成非常简单,告诉我是什么?对!是to 动词原形。
当然啦,to有时也可以不带。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。
那什么时候可以不带to呢? Listen to me carefully.不定式省to有四种情况:使役动词let,have,make 等后接不定式。
如:Let him go! 让他走!would rather,had better后。
如:You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。
Why... / why not...后。
如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补,省to。
如:I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
注意:这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 哟! 如:The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句:They were made to work the whole night.不定式的特殊用法:It与不定式:动词不定式可以做主语,但如果动词不定式太长,显得头重脚轻的,那么我们就可用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。
如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。
)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语,但有些动词,如find,think,believe 等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式置于句尾。
这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。
山东省滨州市2019届中考英语语法专项复习语法十动词不定式语法考点剖析
动词不定式语法考点剖析考点一动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。
动词不定式具有动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,但没有人称与数的变化,在句中也不能作谓语,动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。
1.作主语动词不定式作主语时,可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语,把动词不定式后置,常构成“It+be+adj.(+for sb.)+动词不定式”。
It's important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。
2.作表语My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
3.作宾语或宾语补足语(1)接to do作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。
(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。
(3)在使役动词make, let, have和感官系动词 feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to要省略。
help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。
4.作定语I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。
★动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,如果动词不定式是不及物动词,其后要有相关的介词。
The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。
5.作状语Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。
(目的)We're glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。
广东省2019年中考英语总复习第2部分语法专题复习专题11非谓语动词课件外研版
• 注意 在一些使役动词和感官动词后,要把不 定式结构中的to省略。常见的有:一感:(feel)、 二听(listen to, hear)、三使(let, make, have)、 五看(watch, see, notice, look at, observe)、半 帮助(help)。如: • ①saw my mother enter the kitchen just now. 刚才我看到妈妈进厨房了。 • ②Please help me (to) move the table away. 请帮我把桌子移走。
• (4)作状语:修饰动词,用来表示行为目的、结 果、原因等,置于动词之后。如: • I come here to see you. 我来这里是为了见你。
• 注意 不带to的常用句型: • Why not/don't you do sth.? 为什么不做某事? had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 • Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你(不 要)做某事好吗? • would rather do sth. than do sth.=prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事也不愿做某 事
• ④“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,常见的疑问词 有who, what, when, where, how, which等,可 转化为宾语从句。如: • We don't know where to go next. = We don't know where we should go next. 我们不知道接 下来去哪里。 • (3)作宾语补足语:常接“宾语+宾补”(即动词 +sb.+ to do sth.)的动词有:tell, ask, warn, want, invite, allow, advise, help, persuade等。
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动词不定式动词不定式知识精讲非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但要遵循基本的时态语态规则,在句中充当各种成分。
一、动词不定式基本构成have等)的后面,做宾补时,通常会省略to,如:The boss made me work ten hours a day.=I was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.这个老板让我一天工作十个小时。
二、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。
1. 不定式作主语1). 动词不定式短语作句子主语时,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,如:To make work more efficient is our goal.让工作更有效率是我们的目标。
2). 不定式短语作主语时,为了考虑句子的平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面,结构为:It+is/ was+adj. (+for sb.)+动词不定式,如上一句话也可写成:It’s our goal to make work efficient.我们的目标是让工作更有效率。
It’s very important for us to learn English well.学好英语对于我们来说很重要。
2. 动词不定式作宾语1). 动词不定式跟在及物动词后作宾语,这种形式非常常见,就是我们平时积累的一些动词后面跟to do形式,如:I have decided to study hard.我已经决定要刻苦学习。
常见的这类动词有:begin, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, try, want, wish, determine, afford, agree, start, like等。
2). 在find,think后跟不定式时,常用it代替,而将真正宾语,即不定式放在后面,如:I find it not easy to achieve one’s goal.我发现实现一个人的目标并不容易。
3). 有些不定式结构中的to会省略,直接跟动词原形,这样的结构有:Why not do…, Why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do…等,如:I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。
3. 不定式作宾语补足语1). 不定式宾补很常见,结构为:动词+sb. to do sth, 这样的动词有:tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage等,如:The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老师建议我们先休息一下。
2). see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但变为被动语态以后(即不定式作主补时)要带to,如:My mom made me clean the house.=I was made to clean the house by my mom.我妈妈让我把房间打扫干净。
注意:help(帮助)后作宾补的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to,即help sb.(to)do sth.,如:He often helps his parents (to) do their housework.他经常帮助他父母做家务。
4. 不定式作定语不定式有时起形容词作用,修饰名词,代词,在句中作定语。
不定式作定语位于所修饰的名词,代词之后,如:Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?昨天谁第一个登上了山顶?He is the man to depend on/to believe in.他是一个值得信赖/相信的人。
5. 不定式作状语不定式放在不及物动词后可表目的或原因状语,也可以放在一些形容词后。
1). 目的状语:She reads China Daily every day to improve her English.她每天都读中国日报,来提高自己的英语能力。
2). 原因状语:I’m glad to see you.很高兴见到你。
注:这种“be+形容词+不定式”结构,其不定式有时也可视为宾语,如:He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.3). 结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their hometown.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。
(1). 在“too…to…”结构中表“太……结果不能”,如:He is too weak to do the work. 他太过虚弱,以至于不能工作。
注:too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意,此时不定式不再表否定意,而表肯定意。
如:They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外,too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时,不定式也表肯定意,如:She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.(2). 在“形容词/副词+enough+不定式”结构中表“足以能”,如:He is strong enough to do the work .他足以胜任此项工作。
6. 疑问词+不定式不定式可以和疑问代词who,what,which及疑问副词when,how,where连用,构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to finish the work in time is a problem.(主语)如何按时完成任务是个问题。
We don’t know when and where to go.(宾语)我们不知道何时出发,也不知道要去哪。
三点剖析一、重点:不定式的形式变化,不定式的语法功能。
二、难点:不定式在句子中充当不同成分时的规则和例外。
中考阶段主要考查不定式的使用,还要求考生掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾补以及疑问连用结构,理解动词不定式作主语、定语和表语的基本用法。
考试中多以动词之后跟to do 还是doing的形式出现,所以理解的同时,积累一些固定搭配也是本节知识学习必不可少的。
三、易错点:1. 形式主语的使用在It+is/ was+adj. for sb. to do的结构中,若形容词为表示人的内在品质,则介词不用for而用of,如:It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那么做真是太聪明了。
(正确)It’s very kind for you to help me.你能帮我真是太好了。
(错误)2. 使役动词省略to的不定式的被动形式一些使役动词的不定式中to可省略,被动需还原,如:I was made to finish my homework on time by my teacher.(正确)I was made finish my homework on time by my teacher.(错误)老师让我按时完成作业。
题模精选题模一:动词不定式基本应用例1.1.1 In order _________ for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.A.not to be late B.not being lateC.to be late D.being late例1.1.2 用动词适当形式填空。
The teacher raised his voice so that he could make students _________ him clearly. (hear)例1.1.3—I didn’t see you last week.—I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me at home for a week.A.stay B.stayingC.stayed D.to stay题模二:动词不定式语法功能例1.2.1 To climb the tall trees _________ very dangerous.A.are B.is C.were D.was例1.2.2 He wants _________ some vegetables.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys例1.2.3 So much work usually makes them _________ very tired.A.to feel B.feelsC.feeling D.feel例1.2.4 ---Do you know Neil Armstrong?---Yes. He is the first man _________ on the moon.A.walk B.walksC.to walk D.walked例 1.2.5 Why not _________ your teacher for help when you can’t finish _________ it by yourself?A.ask; write B.to ask; writingC.ask; writing D.asking; write例1.2.6 用动词适当形式填空。
我想知道要去哪?I want to know _________ _________ _________. (go)随堂练习随练1.1 The new hospital _________ is near the factory.A.build B.buildsC.to build D.to be built随练1.2 It’s our duty _________ the room every day.A.to clean B.cleanedC.clean D.cleans随练1.3 We have two rooms _________, but I can’t decide _________. A.to live; to choose which oneB.lived; choose which oneC.to live in; which one to chooseD.live; which one随练1.4 We saw him _________ the building and go upstairs.A.to enter B.enterC.entering D.entered随练1.5 My parents always tell me ______ more vegetables and fruit.A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat随练1.6 用动词的适当形式填空。