Oscar Wilde - The Nightingale and the Rose

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夜莺与玫瑰论文

夜莺与玫瑰论文

王尔德童话《夜莺与玫瑰》中的唯美主义Aestheticism in Oscar Wilde’s FairyTale The Nightingale and the Rose摘要本文从形式和内容入手,探讨了王尔德《夜莺与玫瑰》童话中的唯美主义体现,从而揭示了王尔德“为艺术而艺术”,“艺术高于一切”的唯美主义价值观。

在形式上,分别从修辞、意象入手,分析了童话在文字层面上精巧华丽的美以及作者构造奇幻图画的写作技巧。

在内容上,从更深层次的讽刺、象征、人物刻画、死亡与悲剧之美以及二元对立等方面分析,表现了作者强烈的情感,对爱与艺术美的追求,对善的颂扬以及对恶的摈弃,并从中反映了艺术与当时社会现实生活的关系。

关键字:唯美主义,修辞,意象,对立ABSTRACTFrom the aspects of form and content, this thesis will analyze the embodiment of Aestheticism in Oscar Wilde‘s The Nightingale and the Rose, in order to manifest his aesthetic values of ―Art for art‘s sake‖ and ―Art is superior‖. From the aspect of form, the paper argues from rhetoric and image to analyze the writing methods to construct fantastic images and magnificent beauty on the literal level. From the aspect of content, the thesis analyzes from irony, symbol, depiction of characters, beauty of anticlimax and binary antithesis of two specific elements, expressing the authors‘intense emotion, pursuit towards art and beauty, glorification of goodness, and critique towards vice.Keywords: Aestheticism, rhetoric, image, antithesisContents1 Introduction (1)2 Previous Studies (4)3 Embodiment of Aestheticism in form (5)3.1. Beauty of rhetoric (5)3.1.1 Use of repetition (5)3.1.2 Use of antithesis (5)3.1.3 Use of synaesthesia (6)3.1.4 Use of personification (6)3.2 Beauty of image (7)3.2.1 The combination of movement and stillness (7)3.2.2 Converting between concrete and abstract images (8)4 Embod iment o f Aestheticism in co ntent (10)4.1 Beauty of rhetoric (10)4.1.1 Use of sarcasm (10)4.1.2 Use of symbol (11)4.2 Beauty of imagery (12)4.2.1 The nightingale (12)4.2.2 The student (14)4.2.3 Beauty of anticlimax (death and tragedy) (16)4.2.4 Binary antithesis of two specific elements (17)4.2.4.1 The binary antithesis of poem and reality (17)4.2.4.2 The binary antithesis of deep and shallow emotion 185 Conclusion (19)Works cited (20)1IntroductionOscar Wilde (1854—1900) is a famous dramatist, novelist and poet in the 19th century‘s England. He has a great deal of accomplishments in nearly every field of literature. His novel The Portrait of Dorian Gray, comedies Lady Windermere’s Fan, A Woman of No Importance as well as The Importance of Being Earnest all created sensation when they were published. With gifts of language, Wilde was once acclaimed by Y eats: ―I never before heard a man talking with perfect sentences, as if he had written them all overnight with labour and yet all spontaneous.‖(吴伟仁,2006)In the 19th century in England, industry developed rapidly. Following the development of industry, the principle of materialism infiltrated into every status of the society. Wilde thought that in the age he lives ―to be practical is everything‖, in his words: ―Present people‘s life has been entirely affected by business.‖As English female writer V erginia Woolf wrote in her later observation: ―Behavior of human-beings have been changed tremendously.‖(章安祺,2003)In intellectual sphere, people generally feel the shortage of culture and loss of beauty. Thus aesthetic movements developed in the universities and intellectual circles in the last decades of the 19th century. It reflected artists‘ sense of frustration and uncertainty against materialism and restrictive moral code of bourgeoisie. Because of this, artists withdrew from political and social stage, and escaped into aesthetic isolation. Wilde is the main representation of the aesthetic movement. His aesthetic opinion can be summarized as ―Art is superior.‖In detail, Wilde‘s aestheticism can be related in several aspects below: He advocates the pure artistic theory. ―Art for art‘s sake‖–Art has independent life, which is far away from the real world, not related to ethics. All excellent works of art pursue pure art effect. So, ―the only beautiful thing is that irrelevant to us.‖―Artists should neither have any purposes of utilitarianism, nor be restrained by ethics.‖He emphasizes ―the admiration of form‖ He considers that art has one highest principle, the principle of form. As he once said: ―You needn‘t have superb rationalimagination, deep satire towards life, even excited emotion.‖―Form is all you need.‖About the relationship between life and art he thought, ―Life imitates art much more than art imitates life.‖ Art is always ahead of life. It‘s not art reflecting the reality but the reality reflecting art. The real society is ugly and vulgar. Only ―beauty‖has perpetual value. ―Art is superior to life. Life is dull and disorderly. But art can satisfy our emotion need of love and resent, joy and pain.‖He believes art superior to all other things. ―In order to pursue entertainment and beauty, one can disregard and sacrifice anything.‖―Art is life itself. It is ignorant of death, which is absolute truth, ignorant of facts.‖ (Ellmann, 1988) Here art has its broaden meaning, which includes beauty entertainment and joy. Here beauty is some kind of free beauty which is sublime epicurean and irrelevant to utilitarianism; joy is not purely sensory enjoyment, but coming from life, creation and love.The fairy tale The Nightingale and the Rose is chosen from his The Happy Prince and Other Tales,1888. His another book about fairy tale is A House of Pomegranates. They are regarded as works of superior quality among the world‘s creation of fairy tales. The famous Chinese writer ZhouZuoren said that: ―The two books are purely poems…In my opinion their feature is the plentiful words and wit of spirit.‖(王开林,2002)These fairy tales extol love beauty art and kind heart, satirize selfish and cruel behavior and show sympathy to the insulted weak. ―The different elements of narration provide social satire, comedy of manners, moral allegory and a commentary on aestheticism for the cognoscenti.‖ (Varty, 2005) In The Nightingale and the Rose, the theme is also around above topics. A student wept sadly, for the reason that the girl he loved promised to dance with him if he got a red rose. But he can‘t find one in his garden. A nightingale saw and was moved by the student. Regarding him as a true lover, she decided to find a red rose for him. Disregarding some insects‘ query and sneer, she flied over the garden, from white rose-tree to yellow rose-tree, and then finally found a red rose-tree. The tree answered it wouldn‘t have any rose that year, but if she wanted a red rose she must sing all night long with her breast against a thorn. The thorn must pierce her heart and her life-blood must flow into tree. Death is a great price to pay for a red rose.But the nightingale believed love is more precious than life. Thus she did what the red rose-tree told her to do. She died and a rose as red as ruby was produced. The student discovered the red rose in his garden. He was so excited for he had never seen any rose like it. However, when he hopefully brought the rose to the girl, she refused, because she wanted to dance with the Chamberlain‘s nephew who had sent her some real jewels. Angrily the Student threw the rose and a cart-wheel went over it. He thought love silly and went back to read books again.This fairy tale praised the nightingale kind-hearted, selfless, and persevering in the pursuit of love. It also criticized the girl ungrateful superficial. Rodney Shewan claimed this fairy tale to be ―the most concise social critique‖. (Shewan, 1977) Through the whole story, Wilde‘s views of Aestheticism are manifested themselves. In the following paragraphs, I will analyze them from the aspects of form and implied meaning, to reveal how Wilde‘s Aestheticism is embodied in this fairy tale by more specific and detailed analysis on the aspects of rhetoric and imagery. Thus we can have deeper understanding of the writer, his Aestheticism and his works.2 Previous StudiesPredecessors have ever since researched this fairy tale and have already made profound achievements in some aspects.They analyzed and eulogized various kinds of beauty, from superficial level of diction and sentences to deep level of theme and emotion. They wanted to probe the inner spirit of the fairy tale, Wilde‘s individual temperament and style, and connect them to the aesthetic purpose of Wilde‘s creation and the whole social background. Wilde once wrote to a friend that the tales were ―meant partly for children, and partly for those who have kept the childlike faculties of wonder and joy, and who find in simplicity a subtle strangeness.‖(Beckon, 1970) which I think may be his main purpose to write these fairy tales. He wanted to bring people simple joy and made them ponder in the seeming simplicity.Otherwise, they also probe the usage of various writing methods, such as peculiar imagination, humorous irony combined with philosophy, and the changing of characters and readers‘emotion. Wilde‘s friend Alexander Galt Ross (1860—1927) wrote: ―One of the chief functions of the true fairy story is to excite sympathy.‖ (Beckon, 1970)Wilde is the representative of aestheticism and decadent literature. Some people criticized his aesthetic works to be decadent; while others thought him to be writer of real art and beauty. In his works, we realized the antithesis of dream and reality. He took art beauty and love as his ideal, having the sense of justice. On the other hand, he was extremely individualistic.Since a long time ago, Wilde‘s theory of ―Art for art‘s sake‖has been considered disadvantage outweighing advantage, because he overstressed literary beauty, letting the relationship between art and life upside down. Especially in the domestic art sphere, where artists paid more attention to life, their social responsibility was stressed. Aestheticism was condemned having messed people‘s course of recognizing things and induced writers into the concept of ―Form is everything.‖3 Embodiment of Aestheticism in form3.1 Beauty of rhetoricWilde is best adept at visual refined language abounding in color and sound. Rhetoric is one aspect of the beautiful language. Repetition, contrast, metaphor, personification and synaesthesia are often used in this fairy tale. The seemingly simple rhetoric has polished the fairy tale a lot.3.1.1 Use of repetitionThe rhetorical effect of sentence repetition varies with individual cases, but most writers use it to add force and emphasis to their statement.(冯翠华,1995)―Give me a red rose,‖ she cried, ―and I will sing you my sweetest song.‖(奥斯卡·王尔德,1996)This sentence appears three times in the fairy tale. It indicates the nightingale‘s eager mood to find the red rose. It was a long process. She failed to find a red one the first and second time, but didn‘t give up. She insisted on her seeking and at last achieved her expect. From the repetition we can see the hardship in finding a red rose. Facing continuous failure, the nightingale maintained a resolute and positive attitude. The repetition transfers to us a shock and more intense emotion.3.1.2 Use of antithesis(contrast)Antithesis is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis. The form of the expression is very important for effect, for the force of the emphasis, whether for profundity of judgement, for humor or for satire, depends chiefly on the juxtaposition of direct opposition, of glaring contrasts.(冯翠华,1995)Wilde has used several contrast to manifest a kind of beauty that exist between two opposite things or two opposite aspects in one thing. For example, the death of the nightingale and the blossom of the red rose forms striking contrast. The exhaustion of nightingale leads to the blossom of the rose. Nightingale‘s crimsonblood dyes the rose red. As nightingale pressed closer to the thorn, ―Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song‖ (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996) The marvelous rose grew from white to pink then to crimson. It was the nightingale who let her life-blood and energy ebbed away from her and transferred to the red rose. The red rose was the fruit of nightingale‘s death, also the bitter price of the nightingale‘s pursuit of love.3.1.3 Use of synaesthesia―the mixing of sensations; the concurrent appeal to more than one sense; the response through several senses to the stimulation of one‖(文军,1991)Wilde is good at describing a scene with various blended senses, and makes the readers as if be present at the scene.Take examples, ―It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold…Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn.‖ Here from visual sense and sense of smell Wilde described the pleasure and bright of life. The brilliant Sun with chariot of gold and the crystal Moon with chariot of pearl enhance each other‘s beauty in the sky, forming a splendid spectacle. While fragrance of flowers floats far and near, making people refreshed in mind and heart.―…blossomed a marvelous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song.‖―Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song.‖ (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996) From visual sense, sense of hearing and sense of pain, the heroic scene of nightingale‘s sacrifice reappears before readers.3.1.4 Use of personification―attributes human qualities and abilities to inanimate objects, animals, abstractions, and events.‖(Bander, 1978)Unlike in other stories, personification is widely used in this fairy tale which becomes an outstanding feature of it. Every animal and plant has been personified, from big sun and moon in the sky to little insects on the ground. Their language is lively and vivid. Each character has distinctive personality which makes the story touching. For example, the offish attitude of the Green Lizard the Butterfly and the Daisy reflects the general attitudeof the English in those years.3.2 Beauty of imageBeautiful language is an outstanding feature of this fairy tale which produces many exquisite images that constantly emerge in the fairy tale. ―An image is a literal and concrete representation of a sensory experience or of an object that can be known by one or more of the senses. It is the means by which experience in its richness and emotional complexity is communicated.‖(Holman & Harmon, 1986) Light and shadow, color and smell, sound and shape, quality and movement, the multitudinous image interweave with one another, constructing poetic imagery. And in these images, we can find out some special writing methods.3.2.1 The combination of movement and stillness―but passion has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.‖(奥斯卡·王尔德,1996) Sorrow is originally a kind of static state which presents itself on people‘s face. But here it comes into a movement. It climbs up on the boy‘s face. That is more vivid than just stating the fact.―And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose‖ (ibid) Here we can feel the process how the color of the rose changes. It changes little by little from delicate to dark.―Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams. It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried its message to the sea.‖ (ibid) Here the author describes the nightingale‘s last song with movement. Like a deliver, it fluctuates and spreads far away, and brings message and blessing to all creatures.3.2.2Converting between concrete and abstract imagesIn this fairy tale, when describing abstract things, the author likes to use some concrete images to deepen their value and impression in readers‘hearts. Otherwise, when describing concrete things, the author sometimes use abstract images to create a romantic and hazy atmosphere.For example, when describing color, the author uses concrete images a lot. They can avoid the monotony of using simple color words. White is drawn as ―pale ivory‖, ―the foam of the sea‖, ―the snow upon the mountain‖, ―pale as the mist that hangs over the river‖, ―pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn.‖Y ellow is drawn as ―the hair of the mermaiden who sits upon an amber throne‖, ―the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe‖ And red is drawn as ―the feet of the dove‖, ―the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern‖, ―crimson like the rose of the eastern sky‖, ―crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as a ruby was the heart.‖ (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996) When describing the value of love, the author wrote like this: ―It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the marketplace. It may not be purchased of the merchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.‖(ibid) After comparing with concrete precious jewelry, this sentence indicates that love is priceless. It can‘t be substituted by money or material in reality.The nightingale‘s voice is described like ―water bubbling from a silver jar‖(ibid). From the concrete simile, we can feel the sweet of the voice as if we have heard the bump of water in dear silver container.When referring to the image of a true lover, the author wrote like this: ―Flame- coloured are his wings, and coloured like flame is his body. His lips are sweet as honey, and his breath is like frankincense.‖ (ibid) The image of a lover is originally hard to definite, but here the author describes it with concrete elements. Being emphasized on body lips and breath, the lover mingles with flame honey and frankincense, like an angle with wings. With the image, readers can image keen and beautiful passion in love.Moreover, Wilde also used some abstract images to describe concrete things. For instance, ―As the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed on the topmost spray of the Tree.‖―She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.‖ (ibid) In these two places, description of a rose turns to its shadow in a water-pool, and description of the flyingnightingale also turns to its abstract shadow. The rose becomes hazy and romantic while the nightingale‘s quick movement and slender figure is revealed thoroughly, as if both of them are living in two artful pictures.4Embodiment of Aestheticism in content Through the contrast of beauty in visual world and frightfulness in real world, Wilde has used beautiful images to embody abstract beauty in his aesthetic opinion. His purpose is definite, that he wanted art not be constrained by materialism and restrictive moral code in the society. He wanted to create a world of art, which should be imitated by the real life. He tried to rectify evils in the world with beautiful art, providing an ideal mode for people‘s life.4.1 Beauty of rhetoric4.1.1 Use of sarcasmThere is much sarcasm used in this fairy tale, from which ingeniously mirrors Wilde‘s hatred towards the money worship and gang of philistine in the English society at that time. He wants to use the ―beauty‖ of art to resist the ―ugly‖ in vulgar reality.For example, ―Why is he weeping?‖asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him (the student) with his tail in the air. ―Why, indeed?‖ said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam. ―Why, indeed?‖ whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice. ―He is weeping for a red rose,‖said the Nightingale. ―For a red rose?‖they cried, ―how very ridiculous!‖and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright. (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996)Above is the conversation between the nightingale and other animals and plants. The Lizard represents some arrogant person. They have no sympathy towards others. Like cynics, they often laugh at others‘misfortune or disadvantage, building their happiness upon others‘ sadness. The butterfly represents one kind of people who like flattering. They don‘t judge things themselves but depend on others. The Daisy represents some coward people who have concern towards others but dare not show this concern directly.Towards the three types of people Wilde showed his sarcasm. These people are the miniature of partial people existed in the society in that era, who were foolishvulgar indifferent and snobbish. When principle of materialism infiltrated into the society, they didn‘t comprehend love and art, but doubted and criticized Wilde‘s aestheticism.The other sarcasm exists in the conversation between the student and the daughter of the Professor at the end of the story. But the girl frowned. ―I am afraid it will not go with my dress,‖she ……went into the house. (ibid) Facing the red rose which was gotten after great hardships, the girl went back on her words. Her attitude was so indifferent and merciless. She‘s a person full of vanity. What she pursuits is money and status. So she looked down upon the student and received the invitation of the Chamberlain‘s nephew who had sent her some real jewels. She‘s the representation of utilitarian people who were the targets Wilde hold displeasure and complaints in that society.4.1.2Use of symbolIn literature, a symbol is a thing that refers or suggests more than its literal meaning. Often symbols we meet in fiction are inanimate objects. In a broad literary sense, a symbol is such a trope that combines a literal and sensuous quality with an abstract or suggestive aspect.(钱坤强 & 袁宪军,2004)Some seemingly simple things or scenes may transfer Wilde‘s profound implication.Such as, ―But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.‖ (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996) Here we can see, the tree of red rose has been broken by the winter, the frost and the storm. The sentence also implies cruelty of reality. It‘s like a person who has encountered adversity and numerous setbacks, depressed and feeble. This is the impediment ahead of the nightingale on her way to get the red rose. It also implies that Wilde‘s way to pursue art is not smooth. There exists much impediment, such as not understanding and critique of the sphere of intellectuals then.However, Wilde decided to insist on his proposition, even if he would sacrifice what he owned. We can see it in the fairy tale from the nightingale‘s attitude. ―Thereis a way,‖ answered the Tree; ―but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.‖―Tell it to me,‖said the Nightingale, ―I am not afraid.‖(ibid) These sentences imply Wilde‘s determination. The solution is hard, while the future is rough. But in order to achieve her target, bravely and firmly, the nightingale is ready to cope with her challenge.At last the nightingale succeeded. The song she sang when she pressed her breast against the thorn symbolizes the process of passion between a couple, from ―birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl‖ to ―the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid‖ to ―flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride‖to ―the Love that is perfected by Death, the Love that dies not in the tomb‖. (ibid) The passion experiences the process from naive to mature, from mild to beautiful and ardent.―Press closer, little Nightingale,‖ cried the Tree, ―or the Day will come before the rose is finished.‖ (ibid) It symbolizes the dark before the dawn. That time may be the most crucial moment, when the leading role will often go through the most difficult trial. And the nightingale was also experiencing her most painful moment before the rose was finished.From the beginning to the end, we can feel a kind of persistent and dauntless spirit of the nightingale, which symbolizes Wilde‘s attitude towards art. That is, regardless of hardship and impediment, be brave enough to pursue.4.2Beauty of imagerySeveral characters have appeared in the fairy tale, the nightingale the student the girl and other animals and plants which are all personified. Each of them symbolized one kind of crowd in the society at that time. From them, we can find some of Wilde‘s aesthetic opinion.4.2.1 The nightingaleThe nightingale is the protagonist of this story. Even though she is feeble in figure and energy, with extreme courage, she has done great thing for strangers that in this aspect she even overpasses those wise and strong people. We can take thenightingale as the symbol of Wilde, for they share similarity in some aspects. Wilde always eulogizes love as the eternal theme in his fairy tale. Love is also the nightingale‘s pursuit all through her life.She‘s a typical idealist. In her mind, love is the most valuable thing in the world. ―Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than…nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.‖ (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996) She even sacrifices her precious life for seeking of sincere love. Love is powerful supreme and holy. It can neither be influenced by social conventions nor by fame and money in reality. ―Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty.‖(ibid) All these are the reflection of Wilde‘s Aestheticism, for Wilde once said ―In order to pursuit comforts and beauty, one can disregard and sacrifice everything.‖Love here is what he said comforts and beauty. However, in the era when Wilde was living ―practice is every thing‖, what people pursued was money power and status. Selfless love was not welcomed in the reality. So she was destined to have a tragic finale.She‘s warm-hearted and always ready to help others. All of these originate from her universal love to the world. She has ardent love for life, ―Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather that blows on the hill.‖ (ibid) Life is happy and bright in her mind. She has ardent love for others and sympathy to the student. Though she knew the student not, she was willing to sing of him and tell his story to the stars night after night, and selflessly devoted her life in helping the student to find a red rose. Finally even though her flesh and blood exterminated, the spirit of love she having expressed was imperishable.In fact what she has done and said reflected the inner hope of herself. She wants to fulfill her own wish. For in her values, love is of the first importance. It‘s pure and lofty. It‘s the objective of her living. By helping others to obtain love, herself can also obtain inner-heart‘s satisfaction. ―she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love.‖―Love is better than life.‖―All that I ask of you in returnis that you will be a true lover.‖ (ibid)She longed for and pursued love, regardless of some opposite features in her surrounding. In fact she just lives in the beautiful dream she made for herself. Even though the student didn‘t comprehend her intention; other animals and plants failed to understand or even sneered at the nightingale as an idealist, she never changed her mind. ―In an age of turmoil, in the horrible moment of disputes and despair, only the palace of beauty makes us forget and merry. Where shall we go if we don‘t go there?‖(王尔德,1988)Above reflected Wilde‘s aesthetic philosophy. Love symbolizes comforts and beauty, in other words, art. Her opinion that love is superior to all other things in the nightingale‘s values actually means that art is superior to all other things. It breaks away from the real life to a certain degree. For in reality, not everyone agrees with the values. Many people take material and money as their pursuit, like the daughter of the Professor. The student thought love stupid at the end of the fairy tale. Even more people can‘t comprehend it. So actually the opinion of ―Love is superior to other things‖ (ibid) just lives in the nightingale‘s mind which is her beautiful dream. ―Art has its independent life.‖―It‘s irrelevant to reality, ……‖ (ibid)4.2.2The studentHe is also a performer of Aestheticism. But at the same time he is ignorant and stubborn. He has no difference with other animals and plants. So his pursuit towards Aestheticism is destined to fail.He‘s also an idealist, because he is still dreaming of love and tortured by it. ―But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her.‖ (奥斯卡·王尔德,1996); and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept. He was indeed an infatuated young man.Another aspect of the student as a performer of Aestheticism is his complete dependence on books. Even when encountering problem, he expected to find solution from books. ―I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.‖。

《夜莺与玫瑰》中的玫瑰意象

《夜莺与玫瑰》中的玫瑰意象

《夜莺与玫瑰》中的玫瑰意象作者:胡浥辰来源:《价值工程》2017年第02期摘要:《夜莺和玫瑰》是奥斯卡·王尔德的短篇童话故事中最出名的作品之一。

在这篇作品中红玫瑰有着丰富的象征含义,发挥了画龙点睛的作用。

本文从关于红玫瑰的古代神话、红色的象征意义、玫瑰的象征意义、玫瑰的宗教内涵以及维多利亚时代的社会背景多方面阐述其象征意义。

浅层次分析,它是爱与纯洁的象征;深层次分析,夜莺代表着基督教文化中自我牺牲的精神及王尔德的唯美主义思想。

Abstract: The Nightingale and the Rose is one of the most famous stories in Oscar Wilde's fairy tales. In this work, the red rose, which plays a significant role, has diverse symbolic meanings. The symbolic meanings of the red rose are elaborated in diverse aspects: ancient mythology,symbolic meanings of the color red, symbolic meanings of roses, religion, literature, culture,personal experiences of Wilde, and the social background in Victoria era. Superficially analyzed,it embodies the love and purity. While deeply analyzed, it represents self-sacrifice spirit in Christian culture as well as Wilde's Aestheticism.关键词:奥斯卡·王尔德;《夜莺和玫瑰》;玫瑰;爱;唯美主义Key words: Oscar Wilde;The Nightingale and the Rose;rose;love;Aestheticism中图分类号:I02 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2017)02-0205-030 引言《夜莺与玫瑰》是奥斯卡·王尔德所著,使他在文学界占有一席之地的一篇童话。

Unit5The-Nightingale-and-the-Rose原文及翻译

Unit5The-Nightingale-and-the-Rose原文及翻译

Unit5The-Nightingale-and-the-Rose原文及翻译The Nightingale and the RoseOscar Wilde "She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses,"cried the young Student; "but in all my garden there is no red rose."From her nest in the oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered."No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.""Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.""The Prince gives a ball to-morrow night," murmured the young Student, "and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose,I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me, and my heart will break.""Here indeed is the true lover," said the Nightingale. "What I sing of, he suffers--what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it,nor is it set forth in the marketplace. It may not be purchased of the merchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold."夜莺和玫瑰奥斯卡·王尔德&说,她说如果我给她带来红玫瑰,她会和我一起跳舞,”年轻的学生喊道,“但是在我的花园里没有红玫瑰夜莺从她在橡树的巢里听到了他的声音,她透过树叶向外望去,感到奇怪。

作文梗概《夜莺与玫瑰》

作文梗概《夜莺与玫瑰》

作文梗概《夜莺与玫瑰》英文回答:The Nightingale and the Rose: A Summary.The "Nightingale and the Rose" is a short story by Oscar Wilde, in which a nightingale sings a beautiful song for a Red Rose, in the hope that the Rose will give its flower to a Student it loves. However, the Rose isunwilling to part with its flower, and the Nightingale is forced to sacrifice its own life to create a red rose for the Student.The story is a metaphor for the power of art and the importance of self-sacrifice. The Nightingale's song is a work of art that is created out of pure love, and theRose's unwillingness to part with its flower is a symbol of the egotism that can prevent us from appreciating the beauty of art. The Nightingale's ultimate sacrifice is a testament to the power of art to inspire us to great actsof love and compassion.中文回答:夜莺与玫瑰,梗概。

夜莺与玫瑰读后感英文

夜莺与玫瑰读后感英文

夜莺与玫瑰读后感英文The Nightingale and the Rose: A ReflectionThe Nightingale and the Rose is a poignant and thought-provoking short story written by Oscar Wilde. It tells the story of a nightingale who sacrifices her life to help a young student win the love of a beautiful girl. The storyis filled with themes of sacrifice, love, and the harsh realities of the world. After reading this story, Icouldn't help but reflect on the deeper meanings and messages that Wilde conveys through his writing.One of the central themes in The Nightingale and the Rose is the idea of sacrifice. The nightingale, out of love and compassion, gives up her life to create a red rose for the student to present to the girl he loves. This act of selflessness is a powerful reminder of the lengths to which love can drive us. The nightingale's sacrifice also serves as a commentary on the nature of love itself. Love often requires sacrifice, whether it be time, effort, or evenone's own well-being. The story serves as a reminder that true love is not always easy, and sometimes it requires great sacrifices.Another important theme in the story is the idea of unrequited love. The student is infatuated with a girl who demands a red rose as a token of his affection. Despite his best efforts, he is unable to find a red rose, and it is only through the nightingale's sacrifice that he is able to obtain one. This unrequited love serves as a harsh reminder of the fickle nature of romance and the often unattainable expectations placed upon it. The story highlights the pain and frustration that can come from loving someone who does not return those feelings. It also serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of placing too much importance on superficial tokens of affection.The Nightingale and the Rose also delves into the idea of the harsh realities of the world. The story paints a bleak picture of a world where love is fleeting and often unattainable. The nightingale's sacrifice ultimately goes unappreciated, as the girl rejects the red rose in favor ofmaterial wealth. This serves as a commentary on the superficial nature of society and the way in which it can devalue genuine acts of love and sacrifice. It also serves as a reminder that the world is not always a fair or kind place, and that love does not always conquer all.In conclusion, The Nightingale and the Rose is a powerful and moving story that explores themes of sacrifice, unrequited love, and the harsh realities of the world.Oscar Wilde's masterful storytelling and vivid imagerybring these themes to life in a way that is both thought-provoking and emotionally resonant. After reading this story, I found myself reflecting on the nature of love, the sacrifices it requires, and the often harsh realities ofthe world in which it exists. The Nightingale and the Roseis a timeless tale that continues to resonate with readers and provoke deep introspection about the nature of love and sacrifice.。

The Nightingale and the Rose读后感

The Nightingale and the Rose读后感

The True LoveThe Nightingale and the Rose, by Oscar Wilde, tells us a story about the sacrifice of a boy’s true love. However, the ending is sarcastic.Oscar Wilde was an Irish author famous for his sophisticated and witty plays. He wrote many poems, fairy tales and stories, but his creative genius was best displayed through his plays, of which the most famous is The Importance of Being Earnest.The plot of the story is very simple. A young student thought he was madly in love with the professor’s daughter. He felt miserable because he could not find a single red rose to give to his love, and he knew that without the rose, she would not agree to dance with him in the ball to be given by the prince the next day. The Nightingale overhead this and was deeply touched by what she believed was expression of the young man’s true love. So she decide to help the young man, but she was told that the only way to get a real rose in this cold winter was for her to build it out of her music and her heart’s blood. The nightingale of course also valued her life, but she was ready to lay down her own life for the happiness of the young couple. She therefore did what she was told found dead under the rose-tree. Not knowing what it had cost to produce the rose, he plucked it and ran to the professor’s daughter. However, she turned him down because she had already agreed to dance with the Chamberlain’s nephew who had given her precious stores. The student was very angry, so he threw the rose away and returned to his reading.There are some symbolic meanings in this story: Red Rose means true love, which needs constant nourishment of passions of the lovers. Nightingale means a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious life. Student means not a true lover, ignorant of love, not persistent in pursuing love.The Nightingale is the true lover, if there is one. She, at least, is Romance, and the student and the girl, like most of us, unworthy of Romance. So at least, it seems to me, but I like to fancy that there may be many meanings in the tale.I recommend this story to you, I think you can get something useful and can be moved by it like me.。

The Nightingale and the Rose夜莺与玫瑰

The Nightingale and the Rose夜莺与玫瑰

After Oscar‘s downfall, Constance took the surname(给… 姓氏) Holland for herself and the boys . Cyril was killed in France in World War I . Vyvyan also served in the war and later became an author and translator.
In 1895,Marquess of Queensberry found his son Douglas called Bosie was kept company with Wilde for four years ,and charged Wilde .Then he went to the club stuck“ To Oscar Wilde ——Mincing Sodemite (装腔作势的鸡奸客)”.After that Douglas got angry , then he asked Wilde to appellate court. But he failed and even been committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons(与其他男 性发生有伤风化的行为).
He went back to the Ross and lived with him. Although Wilde loved Douglas ,Ross still gave him lots of helps . Soon he died of tubercular meningitis(脑膜炎)in a hotel in Pairs ,46 years old . Only Ross and a another friend were with him .

高中英语选修课:英语文学欣赏-The-Nightingal-and-The-Rose夜莺与玫瑰-教学

高中英语选修课:英语文学欣赏-The-Nightingal-and-The-Rose夜莺与玫瑰-教学

In some of his fairy tales like The Devoted Friend, The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and The Rose and The Selfish Giant,
written in a graceful style, he expressed his sympathy with the sufferings of the poor and contempt for the greed and selfishness of the rich.
An Ideal Husband 《理想的丈夫》 1895 The Importance of Being Earnest 《认真的重要性》 Salome 《莎乐美》 (written originally in French and
published in English)
1895
In May 1895, when Wilde rose to the summit of his fame, he was sentenced to two years’ hard labor on a charge of immoral conduct. After release, he went to France, for he was totally disappointed at the society of the Victorian England. And then died suddenly in 1900.
Nightingale --- a truthful, devoted pursuer of love, who dares to sacrifice his own precious life

夜莺与玫瑰英文名句

夜莺与玫瑰英文名句

夜莺与玫瑰英文名句English:"The Nightingale and the Rose" by Oscar Wilde is a poignant tale that delves into themes of love, sacrifice, and the disillusionment of romantic ideals. One of the most memorable lines from the story is when the Nightingale, in her selfless devotion to helping the Student win the love of his beloved, sings, "Here at last is a true lover!" This line encapsulates the Nightingale's belief in the purity and sincerity of love, contrasting sharply with the superficiality and materialism of human desires. Another striking quote comes from the Rose herself, who laments the sacrifice of the Nightingale and the transient nature of love, saying, "We live in an age when men treat art as if it were meant to be a form of autobiography." This statement is a scathing critique of society's inability to appreciate genuine acts of love and beauty, reducing them to mere commodities. Ultimately, "The Nightingale and the Rose" is a timeless exploration of the complexities of love and the harsh realities that often accompany it.中文翻译:《夜莺与玫瑰》是奥斯卡·王尔德一部深入探讨爱情、牺牲以及对浪漫理想的幻灭的感人故事。

省悟·良知·爱浅析王尔德《夜莺与玫瑰》的创作初衷

省悟·良知·爱浅析王尔德《夜莺与玫瑰》的创作初衷

兰州大学学报(社会科学版)2001,29(3):90一93省悟——浅析王尔德●JournalofLanzhouUniv.(SocialSciences)V01.29No.32001P90—93良知·爱《夜莺与玫瑰》的创作初衷‘凌茜(西北师范大学外语学院,甘肃兰州730070)内容摘要:浅析王尔德《夜莺与玫瑰》这部作品的创作初衷、颖≯j构思及其独特的表叙手法。

作者用童话的方式,向社会呼唤省悟,呼唤良知,呼唤人类最需要的诚挚的爱。

关键词:王尔德,《夜莺与玫瑰》;唯美主义中图分类号:1561.064文献标识码:A文章编号:1000—2804(2001)03—0090—04英国近代唯美主义作家王尔德(OscarWilde,1854~1900)生活在19世纪中后期,是被称作“世纪末”的时期,亦是被英国史学家誉为“黄金期”的维多利亚时代。

此时,正是“产业革命”后工商业空前迅猛发展之际,物质世界发生了人们见所未见、闻所未闻的剧变,“物质至上”的拜金主义之风弥漫了大不列颠的整个社会。

自19世纪初资本主义制度在西欧确立后的数十年间,给社会心理造成了巨大影响。

以英国伟大作家狄更斯、萨克雷等的作品为代表的批判现实主义文学,以英国杰出诗人拜伦、雪莱等的作品为代表的积极浪漫主义文学,都从不同角度剖析、揭示了英国资本主义社会中人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系和由此产生的种种丑恶现象。

在那种社会里“资产阶级抹去了所有一切素被尊崇景仰的职业上面的神圣光采。

它把医生、律师、牧师、诗人和学者变成了它拿钱雇佣的仆役。

"囝文学领域则呈现出“无论题材和才能,无论作者和主人公都是普遍在堕落着旧的现象。

毋庸置疑,这些文艺作品都极大地麻痹和毒害了人们的心灵。

尤其对纯真的青少年们来说,是处在并非夸大其词的“厝火积薪”的境地。

对此,一些有良心的作家极为愤懑和忧虑,他们竭力以艺术之美来反击现实之丑,与卑劣的“惟利是图”的社会现象抗争。

王尔德就是当时的唯美主义的杰出代表,他说:“在这动荡纷乱的年代,在这纷争和绝望的可怕时刻,只有美的无忧殿堂.可以使人忘却、使人欢乐。

夜莺与玫瑰:英汉对照

夜莺与玫瑰:英汉对照
夜莺与玫瑰:英汉对照
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 作者介绍
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 精彩摘录思ຫໍສະໝຸດ 导图本书关键字分析思维导图
作品
查尔斯罗 宾逊
少年
大师
王星
朋友
英汉
玫瑰
夜莺
花园
夜莺
巨人
火箭
王子
内容摘要
内容摘要
《夜莺与玫瑰(彩色版)(汉英对照)》是王尔德所著的童话作品选集,共收录了他的《夜莺与玫瑰》《幸 福王子》《巨人的花园》《忠实的朋友》《非凡的火箭》《少年王》《星孩儿》七部作品。被胡适誉为一代才女 的林徽因文学译作倾情奉献,英国出版黄金时代手插画大师查尔斯·罗宾逊插画,其绘画作品风格浪漫,温暖而 活泼,富有诗意。
精彩摘录
精彩摘录
这是《夜莺与玫瑰:英汉对照》的读书笔记模板,可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
THE REMARKABLE ROCKET
忠诚的朋友
非凡的火箭
THE YOUNG KING 少年王
THE STAR-CHILD 星孩儿
作者介绍
同名作者介绍
奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde,1854年10月16日-1900年11月30日),出生于都柏林,爱尔兰作家、诗人、 剧作家,英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者,19世纪80年代美学运动的主力和90年代颓废派运动的先驱,19世纪英 国(准确来讲是爱尔兰,但是当时由英国统治)最伟大的作家与艺术家之一,毕业于牛津大学。他的主要作品有 《道林·格雷的画像》《不可儿戏》等。
读书笔记
读书笔记
小时候还不识多少字的时候看过,不知道是谁写的,不知其然也不知其所以然。

《夜莺与玫瑰》两个中文版本对比

《夜莺与玫瑰》两个中文版本对比

(2013)届本科生毕业设计(论文)题目 The Comparison Between Two Chinese Version of the Nightingale and the Rose In Translation Approaches《夜莺与玫瑰》两个中文版本翻译技巧之比较专业英语院系外国语学院学号姓名指导教师2014年5月《夜莺与玫瑰》两个中文版本翻译技巧之比较学生姓名:指导教师:摘要:英国著名诗人、作家Oscar Wilde的童话一向辞藻丰丽、主题深刻,给人们以极大的震撼。

《夜莺与玫瑰》因其唯美的风格和凄美的故事本身赢得了全球广大读者的青睐。

由于译者的翻译观、翻译方法等总要受到一定的社会经济、文化条件的影响,对于同一篇文章难免会有不同的理解与表达。

本文着重从翻译技巧的角度,简要比较了林徽因和王林的两个版本。

全文分两章,分别对词汇和句子结构两方面的翻译技巧作了比较,旨在分享一些个人观点并争取更多的学者参与进来以期更全面、客观而又深刻的认识。

关键词:比较、夜莺与玫瑰、词汇、句子结构The Comparison between Two Chinese Version of the Nightingale and the Rose In the TranslationApproaches of the TextUndergraduate:Supervisor:Abstract:The famous English poet and writer Oscar Wilde's fairy tales always give people great shocks for profound theme .Owing to its beautiful style and poignant story ,The nightingale and the rose wons the global readers of all ages.Translator's translation methods always influenced by certain social economic and cultural conditions, for the same article different translators have different understanding and expressions.The thesis briefly compared the two versions of Phyllis Lin and wang Lin from the perspective of translation approaches . It consists of two chapters.The first chapter focuses on the comparison of vocabulary , The second chapter focuses on the comparison of sentence structure . The purpose is to share some personal views and strive for more scholars to participate in the study to make it a more comprehensive, objective and profound understanding.Key words: comparison;the Nightingale and Rose; vocabulary; sentence componentsContents1. Introduction (4)2. Chapter One:The comparison on vocabulary ......................................... 错误!未定义书签。

关于王尔德《自深深处》的原著选段及译文

关于王尔德《自深深处》的原著选段及译文

关于王尔德《自深深处》的原著选段及译文关于王尔德《自深深处》的原著选段及译文1891年,处在写作生涯巅峰期的王尔德遇见了阿尔弗雷德·“波西”·道格拉斯(Alfred "Bosie" Douglas),两人很快成为了同性恋人。

四年后,因为这段“不敢说出名字的爱”,王尔德被判“有伤风化”罪而入狱。

在狱中,王尔德开始反思从前的生活,思索痛苦和人生的意义,艺术和爱的真谛,最终将那些痛苦的泪水都化作优美而深沉的文字,写成了这封名为"de profundis"(从深处)的长信。

作者简介:奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900),英国维多利亚时代著名作家,“唯美主义运动”的领军人物,倡导“为艺术而艺术”(Art for art's sake)。

他的代表作有戏剧《莎乐美》(Salome)《认真的重要性》(The Importance of Being Earnest),童话《快乐王子》(The Happy Prince) 《夜莺与玫瑰》(The Nightingale and the Rose) ,小说《道连·格雷的画像》(The Picture of Dorian Gray),以及书信《自深深处》(De Profundis)等。

【原著选段】If after I go out, a friend of mine gave a feast,and did not invite me to it, I shouldn’t mind a bit. Ican be perfectly happy by myself. Withfreedom, books, flowers, and the moon, whocould not be happy? Besides, feasts are not for meany more.I have given too many to care aboutthem. That side of life is over for me, veryfortunately I dare say. But if, after I go out, a friendof mine had a sorrow, and refused to allow me toshare it, I should feel it most bitterly. If he shut thedoors of the house of mourning against me I would come back again and again and beg to be admitted, sothat I might share in what I was entitled to share. Ifhe thought me unworthy, unfit to weep with him, Ishould feel it as the most poignant humiliation,as the most terrible mode in which disgrace could beinflicted on me. But that could not be. Ihave a rightto share in Sorrow, and he who can look at theloveliness of the world, and share its sorrow, andrealise something of the wonder of both, is inimmediate contact with divine things, and has got asnear to God’s secret as anyone can get.【朱纯深译本】假如出去后,哪位朋友设宴而不请我,我一点也不会介意。

The Nightingale and the Rose by Oscar Wilde

The Nightingale and the Rose by Oscar Wilde

The Nightingale and the Rose by Oscar Wilde"She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses, "cried the young Student; "but in all my garden there is no red rose."From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered."No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.""Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory, andsorrow has set her seal upon his brow.""The Prince gives a ball to-morrow night," murmured the young Student, "and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose, I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by. She will have no heed of me, and my heart will break.""Here indeed is the true lover," said the Nightingale. "What I sing of, he suffers--what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the marketplace. It may not be purchased of themerchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.""The musicians will sit in their gallery," said the young Student, "and play upon their stringed instruments, and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor, and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her"; and he flung himself down onthe grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept."Why is he weeping?" asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air."Why, indeed?" said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam."Why, indeed?" whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice. "He is weeping for a red rose," said the Nightingale."For a red rose?" they cried; "how very ridiculous!" and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright.But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student's sorrow, and shesat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love. Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.In the centre of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are white," it answered; "as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are yellow," it answered; "as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden who sits upon an amber throne, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student's window, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student's window."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are red," it answered, "as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year." "One red rose is all I want," cried the Nightingale, "only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?""There is away," answered the Tree; "but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.""Tell it to me," said the Nightingale, "I am not afraid.""If you want a red rose," said the Tree, "you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's-blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.""Death is a great price to pay for a red rose," cried the Nightingale, "and Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of thehawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather that blows on the hill. Yet Love is better than Life, and what is theheart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.The young Student was still lying on the grass, where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes."Be happy," cried the Nightingale, "be happy; you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart's-blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover, for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. Flame-coloured are his wings, and coloured like flame is his body. His lips are sweet as honey, and his breath is like frankincense."The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are written down in books.But the Oak-tree understood, and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale who had built her nest in his branches."Sing me one last song," he whispered; "I shall feel very lonely when you are gone."So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.When she had finished her song the Student got up, and pulled a note-book and a lead-pencil out of his pocket."She has form," he said to himself, as he walked away through the grove--"that cannot be denied to her; but has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, she is like most artists; she is all style, without any sincerity. She would not sacrifice herself for others. She thinks merely of music, and everybody knows that thearts are selfish. Still, it must be admitted that she has some beautiful notes in her voice. What a pity it is that they do not mean anything, or do any practical good." And he went into his room, and lay down on his little pallet-bed, and began to think of his love; and, after a time, he fell asleep. And when the Moon shone in the heavens the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the top-most spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvellous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song. Pale was it, at first, as the mist that hangs over the river—pale as the feet of the morning, and silver as the wings of the dawn.As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of silver, as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool, so was the rose that blossomed onthe topmost spray of the Tree.But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart, so the rose's heart remained white, for only a Nightingale's heart's-blood can crimson the heart of a rose.And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.And the marvellous rose became crimson, like the rose of the eastern sky. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as a ruby was the heart. But the Nightingale's voice grew fainter, and her little wings began tobeat, and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The red rose heard it, and it trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petals to the cold morning air. Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills, and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams. It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried itsmessage to the sea."Look, look!" cried the Tree, "the rose is finished now"; but the Nightingale made no answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out."Why, what a wonderful piece of luck!" he cried; "here is a red rose! I have never seen any rose like it in all my life. It is so beautiful that I am sure it has a long Latin name"; and he leaned down and plucked it.Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Professor's house with the rose in his hand.The daughter of the Professor was sitting in the doorway winding blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lying at her feet."You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose," cried the Student. "Here is the reddest rose in all the world. You will wearit to-night next your heart, and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you."But the girl frowned."I am afraid it will not go with my dress," she answered; "and, besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent me some real jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers.""Well, upon my word, you are very ungrateful," said the Student angrily; and he threw the rose into the street, where it fell into the gutter, and a cart-wheel went over it."Ungrateful!" said the girl. "I tell you what, you are very rude; and, after all, who are you? Only a Student. Why, I don't believe you have even got silver buckles to your shoes as the Chamberlain's nephew has"; and she got up from her chair and went into the house."What I a silly thing Love is," said the Student as he walked away. "It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not prove anything, and it is always telling one of things that are not going to happen, and making one believe things that are not true. In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics."So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to read.。

执著追求美的夜莺析王尔德的唯美主义艺术观及其作品《夜莺与玫瑰》的寓意

执著追求美的夜莺析王尔德的唯美主义艺术观及其作品《夜莺与玫瑰》的寓意

第3卷第1期2001年6月河北职工大学学报JournaIofHebeiStaffandWorkersUniVersity文章编号:1008-6277(2001)01—0052-04VoI.3NO.1Jun.200l执著追求美的“夜莺"一一析王尔德的唯美主义艺术观及其作品《夜莺与玫瑰》的寓意郭爱竹(保定师范专科学校,保定071051)摘要奥斯卡·王尔德是英国十九世纪后半叶唯美主义运动的领袖。

他推崇“为艺术而艺术”的创作原则。

《夜莺与玫瑰》揭示了王尔德对美的不懈追求和不畏批评的执著精神。

关键词唯美主义;艺术;中图分类号1207.4批评;夜莺:玫瑰文献标识码B英国作家奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscarwilde1854—1900)是英国十九世纪后半叶唯美主义运动的代表人物。

王尔德于1854年出生在都柏林一个爱尔兰外科医生的家庭。

他曾经就读于都柏林的三一学院和伦敦的剑桥大学。

一生撰写了许多作品,包括神话故事、散文、长篇小说和剧本等,特别是喜剧剧本。

应当说他的天资在他的几部喜剧作品中得到了最好的表现。

他的主要喜剧有《温的米尔夫人的扇子》、《一个无足轻重的妇女》、《认真是要紧的》和《理想的丈夫》。

这些剧本戏剧效果突出,充满了警旬和反论,当时在社会上引起了较大的反响,在英国文学史上被看作是王尔德的最高成就。

然而,除了剧本之外,王尔德的神话故事,散文和长篇小说在英语乃至世界文学中也有着较广泛的影响。

也正是这些作品最好地体现了王尔德的唯美主义艺术观——“为艺术而艺术”这一唯美主义美学运动的总纲领、总口号。

但是,王尔德的这些美学思想和观点在英国文学史上被认为是复杂的文艺现象之一。

有的人批评他的唯美主义作品是颓废的和愤世厌俗的,有的则把他看作是追求真正的艺术和真正的美的作家。

褒贬不一也罢,毁誉参半也好,王尔德就是王尔德,他一生执著追求至高无上的艺术和至高无上的美的精神始终没有改变。

在这一方面,他的作品《夜莺与玫瑰》比较好地体现了他的这种执著精神。

夜莺与玫瑰梗概500字作文

夜莺与玫瑰梗概500字作文

夜莺与玫瑰梗概500字作文英文回答:In Oscar Wilde's allegorical fairy tale, "TheNightingale and the Rose," a selfless nightingale falls deeply in love with a beautiful rose. The nightingale's sweet song captivates the rose, but she yearns for aphysical connection. The rose informs her that she can only bloom red if she is kissed by a nightingale willing to sacrifice its life. Without hesitation, the nightingale plunges its heart into a thorn of the rose, releasing its lifeblood and turning the rose crimson. However, just asthe rose blooms, the student, who desired the red rose for his love, plucks it without a second thought, discarding it as soon as he sees the girl he admires walking with another man. The heartbroken nightingale, drained of its life force, dies, symbolizing the futility of sacrifice and the cruelty of unrequited love.中文回答:在王尔德的寓言童话《夜莺与玫瑰》中,一只无私的夜莺深深爱上了美丽的玫瑰。

夜莺与玫瑰英语读后感

夜莺与玫瑰英语读后感

夜莺与玫瑰英语读后感Reflections on "The Nightingale and the Rose"Oscar Wilde's poignant tale "The Nightingale and the Rose" resonates deeply, not only with its captivating narrative but also with its profound themes of love, sacrifice, and the unattainable ideal. This short story, though brief in length, is a masterpiece of symbolism and allegory, leaving the reader with much to ponder.The story begins with a young student, deeply in love with a professor's daughter, who seeks a red rose to present to her as a token of his affection. However, the season for roses has passed, and the student finds himself in despair. It is then that the nightingale, a symbol of love and sacrifice, hears his lamentations and offers to help him. The nightingale knows that the only way to obtain a red rose is for her to pierce her breast against a thorn bush and let her blood stain the white roses, turning them red. Despite the student's initial reluctance and warningsof the nightingale's imminent death, she persists in her sacrifice, driven by the purest form of love.The nightingale's sacrifice is a powerful metaphor for the lengths to which one might go in pursuit of love. It is a reminder that true love often requires self-sacrifice, even if it.。

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The Nightingale and the RoseWilde, Oscar Published:1888Categorie(s):Fiction, Short Stories, JuvenileSource:WikisourceAbout Wilde:Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde(October16,1854–November30, 1900)was an Irish playwright,novelist,poet,and short story writer. Known for his barbed wit,he was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London,and one of the greatest celebrities of his day.As the result of a famous trial,he suffered a dramatic downfall and was im-prisoned for two years of hard labour after being convicted of the offence of"gross indecency".The scholar H.Montgomery Hyde suggests this term implies homosexual acts not amounting to buggery in British legis-lation of the time. Source: WikipediaAlso available on Feedbooks for Wilde:•The Picture of Dorian Gray(1891)•The Importance of Being Earnest(1895)•The Canterville Ghost(1887)• A House of Pomegranates(1892)Note:This book is brought to you by FeedbooksStrictly for personal use, do not use this file for commercial purposes.She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses,"cried the young Student; "but in all my garden there is no red rose."From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him,and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered."No red rose in all my garden!"he cried,and his beautiful eyes filled with tears."Ah,on what little things does happiness depend!I have read all that the wise men have written,and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.""Here at last is a true lover,"said the Nightingale."Night after night have I sung of him,though I knew him not:night after night have I told his story to the stars,and now I see him.His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom,and his lips are red as the rose of his desire;but passion has made his face like pale ivory,and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.""The Prince gives a ball tomorrow night,"murmured the young Stu-dent,"and my love will be of the company.If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn.If I bring her a red rose,I shall hold her in my arms,and she will lean her head upon my shoulder,and her hand will be clasped in mine.But there is no red rose in my garden,so I shall sit lonely,and she will pass me by.She will have no heed of me,and my heart will break.""Here indeed is the true lover,"said the Nightingale."What I sing of, he suffers what is joy to me,to him is pain.Surely Love is a wonderful thing.It is more precious than emeralds,and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it,nor is it set forth in the market-place.It may not be purchased of the merchants,nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.""The musicians will sit in their gallery,"said the young Student,"and play upon their stringed instruments,and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin.She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor,and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her.But with me she will not dance,for I have no red rose to give her";and he flung himself down on the grass,and buried his face in his hands, and wept."Why is he weeping?"asked a little Green Lizard,as he ran past him with his tail in the air."Why,indeed?"said a Butterfly,who was fluttering about after a sunbeam."Why,indeed?"whispered a Daisy to his neighbour,in a soft,low voice."He is weeping for a red rose," said the Nightingale."For a red rose?"they cried;"how very ridiculous!"and the little Liz-ard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright.But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student's sorrow,and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love. Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight,and soared into the air.She passed through the grove like a shadow,and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.In the centre of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree,and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are white,"it answered;"as white as the foam of the sea,and whiter than the snow upon the mountain.But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial,and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are yellow,"it answered;"as yellow as the hair of the mer-maiden who sits upon an amber throne,and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe.But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student's window,and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing be-neath the Student's window."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are red,"it answered,"as red as the feet of the dove,and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cav-ern.But the winter has chilled my veins,and the frost has nipped my buds,and the storm has broken my branches,and I shall have no roses at all this year.""One red rose is all I want,"cried the Nightingale,"only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?""There is away,"answered the Tree;"but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.""Tell it to me," said the Nightingale, "I am not afraid.""If you want a red rose,"said the Tree,"you must build it out of music by moonlight,and stain it with your own heart's-blood.You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn.All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart,and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.""Death is a great price to pay for a red rose,"cried the Nightingale, "and Life is very dear to all.It is pleasant to sit in the green wood,and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold,and the Moon in her chariot of pearl.Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn,and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley,and the heather that blows on the hill.Yet Love is bet-ter than Life,and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"So she spread her brown wings for flight,and soared into the air.She swept over the garden like a shadow,and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.The young Student was still lying on the grass,where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes."Be happy,"cried the Nightingale,"be happy;you shall have your red rose.I will build it out of music by moonlight,and stain it with my own heart's-blood.All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lov-er,for Love is wiser than Philosophy,though she is wise,and mightier than Power,though he is mighty.Flame-coloured are his wings,and col-oured like flame is his body.His lips are sweet as honey,and his breath is like frankincense."The Student looked up from the grass,and listened,but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him,for he only knew the things that are written down in books.But the Oak-tree understood,and felt sad,for he was very fond of the little Nightingale who had built her nest in his branches."Sing me one last song,"he whispered;"I shall feel very lonely when you are gone."So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree,and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.When she had finished her song the Student got up,and pulled a note-book and a lead-pencil out of his pocket."She has form,"he said to himself,as he walked away through the grove"that cannot be denied to her;but has she got feeling?I am afraid not.In fact,she is like most artists;she is all style,without any sincerity. She would not sacrifice herself for others.She thinks merely of music, and everybody knows that the arts are selfish.Still,it must be admittedthat she has some beautiful notes in her voice.What a pity it is that they do not mean anything,or do any practical good."And he went into his room,and lay down on his little pallet-bed,and began to think of his love; and, after a time, he fell asleep.And when the Moon shone in the heavens the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree,and set her breast against the thorn.All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn,and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened.All night long she sang,and the thorn went deeper and deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl.And on the top-most spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvellous rose,petal following petal,as song followed song.Pale was it,at first,as the mist that hangs over the river pale as the feet of the morning,and sil-ver as the wings of the dawn.As the shadow of a rose in a mirror of sil-ver,as the shadow of a rose in a water-pool,so was the rose that blos-somed on the topmost spray of the Tree.But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer,little Nightingale,"cried the Tree,"or the Day will come be-fore the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn,and louder and louder grew her song,for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose,like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart,so the rose's heart remained white,for only a Nightingale's heart's-blood can crimson the heart of a rose.And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer,little Nightingale,"cried the Tree,"or the Day will come be-fore the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn,and the thorn touched her heart,and a fierce pang of pain shot through her.Bitter,bit-ter was the pain,and wilder and wilder grew her song,for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb. And the marvellous rose became crimson,like the rose of the eastern sky.Crimson was the girdle of petals,and crimson as a ruby was the heart.But the Nightingale's voice grew fainter,and her little wings began to beat,and a film came over her eyes.Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.Then she gave one last burst of music.The white Moon heard it,and she forgot the dawn,and lingered on in the sky.The red rose heard it, and it trembled all over with ecstasy,and opened its petals to the cold morning air.Echo bore it to her purple cavern in the hills,and woke the sleeping shepherds from their dreams.It floated through the reeds of the river, and they carried its message to the sea."Look,look!"cried the Tree,"the rose is finished now";but the Nightingale made no answer,for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out. "Why,what a wonderful piece of luck!"he cried;"here is a red rose!I have never seen any rose like it in all my life.It is so beautiful that I am sure it has a long Latin name"; and he leaned down and plucked it.Then he put on his hat,and ran up to the Professor's house with the rose in his hand.The daughter of the Professor was sitting in the doorway winding blue silk on a reel, and her little dog was lying at her feet."You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose," cried the Student."Here is the reddest rose in all the world.You will wear it tonight next your heart,and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you."But the girl frowned."I am afraid it will not go with my dress,"she answered;"and,besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent me some real jewels,and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers.""Well,upon my word,you are very ungrateful,"said the Student an-grily;and he threw the rose into the street,where it fell into the gutter, and a cart-wheel went over it."Ungrateful!"said the girl."I tell you what,you are very rude;and, after all,who are you?Only a Student.Why,I don't believe you have even got silver buckles to your shoes as the Chamberlain's nephew has"; and she got up from her chair and went into the house."What I a silly thing Love is,"said the Student as he walked away."It is not half as useful as Logic,for it does not prove anything,and it is al-ways telling one of things that are not going to happen,and making one believe things that are not true.In fact,it is quite unpractical,and,as in this age to be practical is everything,I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics."So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book,and began to read.Loved this book ?Similar users also downloadedVirginia WoolfA Haunted HouseVirginia Woolf's intention to publish her short stories is carried out in this volume, posthumously collected by her husband, Leonard Woolf. Containing six of eight stories from Monday or Tuesday, seven that appeared in magazines, and five other stories, the book makes available Virginia Woolf's shorter works of fiction. Oscar WildeThe Canterville GhostThe Canterville Ghost is a popular 1887 novella by Oscar Wilde, widely adapted for the screen and stage.“The Canterville Ghost” is a parody featuring a dramatic spirit named Sir Simon and the United States minister (ambassador) to the Court of St. James's, Hiram B. Otis. Mr. Otis travels to England with his family and moves into a haunted country house. Lord Canterville, the previous owner of the house, warns Mr. Otis that the ghost of Sir Simon de Canterville has haunted it ever since he killed his wife, Eleonore, three centuries before. But Mr. Otis dis-misses the ghost story as bunk and disregards Lord Canterville’s warnings. When the Otises learn that the house is indeed haunted, they succeed in victimizing the ghost and in disregarding age-old British traditions. What emerges is a satire of American material-ism, a lampoon of traditional British values, and an amusing twist on the traditional gothic horror tale.Oscar WildeThe Picture of Dorian GrayOscar Wilde's story of a fashionable young man who sells his soul for eternal youth and beauty is one of his most popular works. Written in Wilde's characteristically dazzling manner, full of sting-ing epigrams and shrewd observations, the tale of Dorian Gray's moral disintegration caused something of a scandal when it first appeared in 1890. Wilde was attacked for his decadence and cor-rupting influence, and a few years later the book and the aesthet-ic/moral dilemma it presented became issues in the trials occa-sioned by Wilde's homosexual liaisons, trials that resulted in his imprisonment. Of the book's value as autobiography, Wilde noted in a letter, "Basil Hallward is what I think I am: Lord Henry whatthe world thinks me: Dorian what I would like to be--in other ages, perhaps."Oscar WildeThe Importance of Being EarnestSet in England during the late Victorian era, the play's humour de-rives in part from characters maintaining fictitious identities to es-cape unwelcome social obligations. It is replete with witty dia-logue and satirizes some of the foibles and hypocrisy of late Victorian society. It has proved Wilde's most enduringly popular play.Oscar WildeA House of PomegranatesA House of Pomegranates is a collection of whimisical short stor-ies by Oscar Wilde. This collections includes the following tales: The Young King, The Birthday of the Infanta, The Fisherman and his Soul, and The Star-child. Readers of all ages will be delighted by these fanciful tales.Lewis CarrollAlice's Adventures in WonderlandAlice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. It tells the story of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit-hole into a fantasy world populated by peculiar and anthropomorphic creatures.The tale is filled with allusions to Dodgson's friends (and en-emies), and to the lessons that British schoolchildren were expec-ted to memorize. The tale plays with logic in ways that have made the story of lasting popularity with adults as well as children. It is considered to be one of the most characteristic examples of the genre of literary nonsense, and its narrative course and structure has been enormously influential, mainly in the fantasy genre. Lewis CarrollThrough the Looking Glass (And What Alice Found There)Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1871) is a work of children's literature by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), generally categorized as literary nonsense. It is the se-quel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865). Although it makes no reference to the events in the earlier book, the themes and settings of Through the Looking-Glass make it a kind of mir-ror image of Wonderland: the first book begins outdoors, in thewarm month of May, on Alice's birthday (May 4), uses frequent changes in size as a plot device, and draws on the imagery of play-ing cards; the second opens indoors on a snowy, wintry night ex-actly six months later, on November 4 (the day before Guy Fawkes Night), uses frequent changes in time and spatial directions as a plot device, and draws on the imagery of chess. In it, there are many mirror themes, including opposites, time running back-wards, and so on.Mark TwainThe $30,000 Bequest and other short storiesJacob Ludwig Karl GrimmGrimm's Fairy TalesChildren's and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Haus-märchen) is a collection of German origin fairy tales first pub-lished in 1812 by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the Brothers Grimm. The collection is commonly known today as Grimms' Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Märchen).Edith NesbitThe Enchanted CastleAn invisible princess, a magic ring, and more adventures than you could dream of. This is what Gerald, Kathleen and Jimmy find when they stumble upon a mysterious castle. At first it all appears to be a lark. But the children soon discover they need all their bravery and ingenuity to contend with the castle's supernatural forces.Food for the mind11。

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