2014年全国高考英语试题分类汇编：虚拟语气+情态动词 Word版含解析

2014全国高考汇编之虚拟语气+情态动词

一（2014安徽卷）30．People are recycling many things which they away in the past.

A. had thrown

B. will be throwing

C. were throwing

D. would have thrown

【考点】考察情态动词用法

【答案】D

【解析】句义：人们作者回收利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done过去常常做某事；是对过去发生的事情的推测。如果不适应情态动词，可以使用一般过去时threw。故D正确。

【举一反三】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.

A. had come

B. was coming

C. would come

D. would have come

【答案】D

【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。

【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。

二（2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.

A. Can

B. Must

C. Shall

D. Should

【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析

【答案】A

【解析】本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。Can能够，可能；must必须，一定；非得；shall将要；should应该；句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用can I…？表示询问对方是否允许。如：Can I use your dictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗？故A正确。

三（2014北京卷）34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A. are

B. were

C. will be

D. would be

【考点】考察虚拟语气

【答案】D

【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会在宾馆里了。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D正确。

【试题延伸】条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反，条件句中使用过去时，be 动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；如果与将来事实相反，条件句中有三种：过去时；were to do ;should+动词原形，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；要特别注意如果省略了if，句子要使用部分倒装的形式，把助动词，be动词，情态动词提之主语前。

【举一反三】Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.

A. lives

B. would live

C. having asked

D. Were to live

【答案】D

【考点】考查情态动词。

【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.此处were to live用于虚拟语气，表示与将来的事实相反。四（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _____ find bargains in London, it’s not gen erally a cheap place to shop.

A. should

B. need

C. must

D. can

【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析

【答案】D

【解析】should应该，竟然；need需要；must必须，一定；非得，偏偏；can能够，可能，有时会…；句义：尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。根据句义可知can表示有时可能，有时会…；故D正确。

【举一反三】It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.

A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗本题考查情态动词的用法。

〖解析〗must必然, 一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将, 总会。本题提供的语境是“有时可能会……”。

五（2014福建卷）32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

A. Were there

B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been

【考点】考察虚拟语气和省略

【答案】A

【解析】本题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在相反，if从句中使用“过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；在if被省略的时候，要使用部分倒装。句义：如果没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。故A正确。

六（2014湖南卷）22.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

A. were

B. had been G. should be D. was

【考点】考察虚拟语气

【答案】B

【解析】本题考察的是条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的情况。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要使用“过去完成时had done”，主句要使用“情态动词+have done”。句义：如果Mr Dewey在场，他就会向那里的人提供保证。根据本句后面主句中的would have offered说明与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去完成时。故B正确。

【试题延伸】if的虚拟语气非常重要，简要概括如下：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do。

【举一反三】If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

A. was

B. had been

C. should be

D. would be

【答案】B

【考点】考查虚拟语气。

【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。

七（2014湖南卷）25.—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.