1.定语从句

例3:
The
that/which car________________
is
red was damaged yesterday.
指物: that/which (主语)
例4: The question___(_th__a_t_/w__h_ic__h_)_ I don’t understand is about grammar.
定语从句分析：
He is an English teacher .
The teacher likes singing songs.
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
先行词 定语从句
引导词
引导词
关系代词 :who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose
关系副词:where﹑when﹑why
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➢先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词、关系词/引导词
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …
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Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.
先行词＝关系词
who 代替 teacher
关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。
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定语从句常用关系词
• 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（在句 中作主、表、宾、定等成分）
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red. I’ll call a person. His father knows you. I’ll call a person whose father knows you.
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知识详解: 定语从句
概念
➢定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定 式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语 为例）
例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.
2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.
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❖注意
定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间)
先行词 人 物
主格
who,that which,that
宾格
who(m),that which,that
所有格
whose whose,of which
❖ 最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句)
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例 1. The man __th_a_t_/w_h_o___ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.
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as引导的定语从句
as用作关系代词或关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从 句 作 主 语 、 表 语 和 状 语 ， 构 成 “ the same…as”， “such…as”等结构。如：
I wan to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did.
➢定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
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I will remember the day when I left my hometown for ever.
This is the palace where he works. (where状语时，等于 in which)
I often think of the days that I spent in Brown’s last summer.(that作spent的宾语=the days) He kept the laughing during the two hours (that) it took to fly to Beijing. (that作took的宾语，等于two hours)
指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)
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which 作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
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关系副词
关系副词也是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具 有 几种作用。 △在从句中代替先行词。 △在句中作状语。 △连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on/in/at…which) when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/ in…which) why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 the reason why
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➢关系副词的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel.
We stayed there. =The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
• 关系副词：where(on which), when(in which), why(for which) why 只修饰reason （在句中作状语）
❖ 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为 关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般 情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行 词一致。 The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句) The woman is my mother (从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.
2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）
I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day.
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League .
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
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The women that/who are speaking at the
meeting are famous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientists.
{主语是复数}
(从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.
关系词判 断 步 骤 :
❖ 首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用
who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that ❖ 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
从 句
3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词) The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.
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使用关系代词还是关系副词 当引导词在句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词； 当引导词在句中作状语时，要用关系副词。如：
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
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whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也 可以代物。
❖定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）
▪ 找出先行词
a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数。 b.确定定语从句的位置
▪ 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格（主、宾、定）
▪ 确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）
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❖关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)
1)This is the hero(whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .
指Hale Waihona Puke Baidu: that/who (主语)
例2: The boy__(w__h_o_/_w_h_o_m__/t_h_a_t_)_ the
nurse is looking after is my friend. 指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)
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先行词 ＝ 关系词 ＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean
＝The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean .
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