英美文学 杰弗里乔叟 Geoffrey Chaucer
英美文学作家作品集合
杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1340年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。
1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。
乔叟当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲国家，两度访问意大利，发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品，对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。
代表作：《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）其他作品《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women)以及《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。
乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。
乔叟的死因不明，可能是被谋杀，英国的中世纪研究专家特里·琼斯曾出了一本书《谁谋杀了乔叟？》。
乔叟率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
艾德蒙·斯宾塞（1552-1599）毕业于剑桥大学，著名英国诗人，尤以十四行诗著称。
在不少英国批评家眼中，斯宾塞是英国历史上最伟大的诗人之一，与其齐名的，仅莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯等二三人而已。
从一个外国读者的眼中来看，他的诗无疑是优美可诵的，例如他写的十四行诗，就不比莎士比亚逊色。
可以爱情小唱（1595）第75首为例：有一天我把她的名字写在沙滩上，大浪冲来就把它洗掉。
我把她的名字再一次写上，潮水又使我的辛苦成为徒劳。
“妄想者，”她说，“何必空把心操，想叫一个必朽的人成为不朽！我知道我将腐烂如秋草，我的名字也将化为乌有。
” “不会，”我说，“让卑劣者费尽计谋而仍归一死，你却会声名长存，因为我的诗笔会使你的品德永留，还会在天上书写你的荣名。
杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey
• 1357年做宫廷侍童， • 1359年参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎 回， • 1361年-1367年在内殿法学协会受训， • 1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代 表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆，到过比利时、法 国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉 克，这对他的文学创
杰弗里· 乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)
（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1342年—1400年），英国 中世纪著名作家，出生于一个 酒商家庭。1359年随爱德华 三世的部队远征法国，被法军 俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。乔叟 当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲 国家，两度访问意大利，发现 了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的 作品，对他的文学创作起了极 大的作用。
★杰弗雷· 乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约
三个时期
• 乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期：
• ①法国影响时期（1359～1372）：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的 作品，创作了《悼公爵夫人》(The Book of the Duchess (1369))，用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。 • ②意大利影响时期（1372～1386）：诗人接触了资产阶级人文 主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒 斯和克莱西德》(Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385))、《好女 人的故事》，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观 点。 • ③成熟时期（1386～1400）：乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎 特伯雷故事集》的创作。无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶 峰。他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为 “英国诗歌之父”。 • 乔叟早期的创作受意大利和法国文学的影响。他把法国文学 中的骑士传奇、抒情诗和动物寓言故事等引入英国文学。其早期 作品《特罗勒斯和克莱西德》(1385)，人物性格塑造生动细腻， 语言机智幽默。 从1377年开始，乔叟多次
杰费雷·乔叟--Geoffrey Chaucer
选段参考译文
在这时节，有一天，我正停憩在伦敦南岸萨得克 的泰巴客店，虔心诚意，准备去坎特伯雷朝圣， 到了晚上，客店中来了二十九位形形色色的朝 圣客，凑巧结成了旅伴，他们都不约而同，要 赴坎特伯雷的盛会；当时客店的屋舍马厩却很 宽敞，我们舒舒服服地安顿下来。简单说来， 到了夕阳西沉的时分，我已同每人相识交谈， 约定了一齐早起出发。可是，在我开讲这故事 之前，我想暂抽一部分时间，先谈一下每人的 个别情况，由我的角度看去，他们是何种人物， 属于哪一个社会阶层，穿着怎样。现在我将先 讲一个武士。
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)
杰弗里·乔叟
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟
杰弗里·乔叟简介
英国最早具有人文主义思想的代表诗人，也 是现实主义文学的奠基人。早年受法国文 学的影响，代表作品是《悼公爵夫人》 (The Book of the Duchess)和用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。中期的代表诗作有《声誉之堂》(The House of Fame)和《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西 德》(Troilus and Criseyde)，肯定爱情和 个人幸福，反对封建专制和压迫，反映了 作者现实主义的创作态度和人文主义观点。
杰弗里·乔叟简介
乔叟在最后十五年里创作了《坎特伯雷故事》 (The Canterbury Tales)，这部作品是英国 文学史上现实主义文学作品的第一部杰作， 充满了浓郁的生活气息和时代特点，也反 映了当时社会处于封建社会向资本主义社 会过渡时期，带有强烈的人文主义色彩， 无论在英国文学还是在语言上都起了重大 的作用。他也是英国文学史上首位用伦敦 方言写作的作家，加强了伦敦方言在英国 文学史上的地位。英国十七世纪作家约 翰·德莱顿称他为“英国诗歌之父”。
Geoffrey Chaucer
《坎特伯雷故事集》特点
• 一、它展现了广阔的社会画面。香客来自社会各 个阶层：骑士、僧侣、学者、律师、商人、手工 业者、自耕农、磨坊主等。 • 二、它综合采用了中世纪的各种文学体裁，有骑 士传奇、圣徒传、布道文、寓言等。 • 三、总序和开场白中对人物的描写和故事本身饶 有趣味，充满幽默感。 • 四、语言带上了讲述人自身的特征，每人所讲的 故事都体现出讲述人的身份、趣味、爱好、职业 和生活经验。
5.《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》--乔叟对中世纪宫廷爱情文学 传统的继承与超越 Troilus and Criseyde:Chaucer and Courtly Love Tradition [四川师范大学学报（社会科学版） Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)] 肖明翰 6.乔叟语言艺术中的讽刺幽默 Ironical Humor in Chaucer‘s Language Art [哈尔滨学院学报 Journal of Harbin University] 王欣 7. 乔叟的梦幻诗和欧洲中世纪梦幻文学传统 Chaucer's Dream Poetry and the Medieval Tradition of Dream Vision [外国文学研究 Foreign Literature Studies] 刘进 , Liu Jin 8.论乔叟人文主义思想的形成 The Evolving of Chaucer's Humanism [徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)] 王莹章
王守仁《英国文学选读》笔记和课后习题详解-杰弗里
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟)(1343-1400)1.Life(生平)Geoffrey Chaucer,born in1343in London,is the founder of English poetry.He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court.He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope.He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian.He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life,and knew well the whole life of his time,which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in1400and was buried in Westminster Abbey,thus founding the Poets’Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
这尤其有益于他在作品中对英国社会的刻画。
中古英语时期：Geoffrey_Chaucer_(杰弗里。乔叟)
3. The third or the English period, his best period (1387-1400) The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.
无忧PPT整理发布
III. The Canterbury Tales
1. It has 24 stories. 2.It is the description of the pilgrims（ 朝圣者 ）who tell stories. 3. It is about the life of ordinary people. 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire（讽刺）.
无忧PPT整理发布
8. The significance of The Canterbury Tales 1).It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The gentle class--- the burgher（市民）---- the professionals 2). The dramatic structure of the poem: the stories are well woven by “links”. 3). Chaucer’s humor----- characteristics feature of English literature ---- gentle satire and mild irony.
Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. (英雄双韵体) Iambic Pentameter: is the most common English meter, in which each foot contains an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格 )
Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟英文简介
While he achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, alchemist and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his ten-year-old son Lewis, Chaucer also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Among his many works, which include The Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, the Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chucer (/ˈtʃɔːsər/; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介杰弗里·乔叟,英国中世纪著名作家，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”，下面是店铺为你整理的杰弗里乔叟的英文简介，希望对你有用!杰弗里·乔叟简介Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. His personal life is quite rich: 1357 years to do the court paternity, 1359 years to participate in the war when the law was captured, the following year by the king of redemption, 1361 - 1367 in the Temple Law Association training, 1366 and the queen of the palace The women's marriage, after many times on behalf of Edward III to the European continent, to Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet Boccaccio and Petrak, which his literary creation had a great impact. In 1374, Chaucer was the London fur management officer, and in 1382 served as the tariff manager for alcohol and other commodities. In 1385, Chaucer was the magistrate of Kent, the second year was elected to the county knight to attend the lower house of parliament. In 1389 years after the KMT government, Chaucer has served as the royal construction works and Somerset royal forest deputy director. Chaucer was deprived of official and annuities during the asylum of the asylum, and the economy was strained. He had written the oil poem "to the empty capsule" to just ascend to Henry IV, complain about their own poverty. In 1400, Joao died and was buried at Poet's Corner in London's Westminster Church. He was also the first poet to be buried here.Chaucer's poetic creation is divided into three periods: (1) the French influence period (1360 ~ 1372): the main translation and follow the works of the French poet, created the "Duchess" (TheBook of the Duchess (1369) Dialect translation of the French medieval long narrative poem "rose legend" and so on. ② the Italian influence period (1372 ~ 1386): the poet came into contact with the progressive thinking of bourgeois humanism. The creation of this period, such as the "Birds Conference", "Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385))," The Story of a Good Woman ", reflects the author's creation for the reality of life Attitude and humanism.③ mature period (1386 ~ 1400): Chaucer in the last 15 years in the "Canterbury story set" creation. Both in content and skills to achieve the pinnacle of his creation. His first heroic rhyme is widely used by British poets later, known as "the father of British poetry."The early creation of Chaucer was influenced by Italian and French literature. He introduced the literature of knights in the French literature, the lyrics and animal fables, and so on. Its early works "Trolls and Clay West" (1385), character character to create vivid and delicate, language witty humor.From 1377 onwards, Chaucer repeatedly made the European continent, in contact with Dante, Pietrak and Boccaccio and others works. These writers anti-feudal anti-religious spirit and humanism, so that Chaucer's creative thinking has undergone profound changes, began to turn to realism. The narrative poem "Trolls and the West", which is rewritten according to a long poem of Boccaccio, rejects the traditions of fantasy and fables, instead of the description of the characters and life details in the real world. A realist work.Chaucer carried out the creation of The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) in the last fifteen years of his life. This is his most outstanding work.Chaucer's vision, profound observation, rich writing style,truly reflect the lives of different social classes, created a realist tradition of British literature, Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact."Canterbury story set" is the British writer Chaucer's novel. The work describes a group of pilgrims gathered in a small London hotel, ready to pilgrimage to Canterbury. Shopkeepers suggested that pilgrims on the way to the two stories, to see who speak the best. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories are: the knight's story of love tragedy, the story of the knight's knight's knight, the soldier who sells the crucifixion, the talisman's story, the businessman's story The story of the family disputes, the story of the farmer's touching love and generosity. The works extensively reflect the British social life of the embryonic period of capitalism, exposing the corruption of the church, the greed and hypocrisy of the priest, condemning the asceticism of human nature, affirming the secular love life.The artistic achievements of the Canterbury Tales are very high, far exceeding the previous British literary works, the first example of the realism in British literary history. The work combines humor and satire, and the comedy is strong, and most of the stories are written in double rhyme poems, which have had an impact on later English literature. People figure clear, lively language. Chaucer's creation of the vibrant London dialect also laid the foundations for the English literary language. His first heroic rhyme was widely used by British poets in the future, and Chaucer was hailed as "the father of English poetry."杰弗里·乔叟作品Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400), a famous British medieval writer, was born in a wine family. 1359 years with the troops of Edward III leap in France, captured by the French army, and soonto redemption. Chaucer became king's attendants, made many European countries, twice visited Italy, found Dante, Boccaccio and Petrak's works, his literary creation played a great role. The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The House of Fowles, The House of Fae, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, "The Legend of Good Women" and "Troilus and Criseyde". Chaucer died in London on October 25, 1400, and was buried in the corner of the poet in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer's death is unknown, may be murdered, the British medieval research expert Terry Jones had a book "Who murdered Chaucer?" Chaucer first took the London dialect writing, and the creation of "heroic bimodal", the British national language and literature development great influence, it is known as "the father of British poetry."。
英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料
Prologue
Each of the narrators reveals his or her own views and character. Chaucer created a striking brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. And thus Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached a high level of power. It is no exaggeration to say that the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time. Looking at his picture gallery, we know at once how people lived in that era. So Chaucer was praised as “the father of English realism”.
thefirstenglishrealisticpoetpage3?1357年做宫廷侍童?1359年参加对法作战时被俘翌年由国王赎回?1361年1367年在内殿法学协会受训?1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆到过比利时法国意大利等国有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响
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(a)French influence (1360-1372)
Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》 trans.
The Book of the Duchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》
英美文学知识1
英国文学 1、Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） 2、William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616 The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedyof Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗 3、Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） 4、John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674 L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩; Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙 5、John Bunyan班扬1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生 6、Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign 远征；???????????? 剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险 7、Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729 The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部 8、Danniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-1731 （标志着近代英国小说的形成）Hymn to the Pillory枷刑颂;Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记;Captain Singleton辛格顿船长;Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记 9、Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人国/大人国/拉普他等地/智马国游记) 10、Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书 11、Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）剧本：The CoffeehousePolitician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂·吉诃德在英国;The Historical Registerfor the Year历史记事长篇小说：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟·安德鲁传;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚 12、Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰生1709-1784 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语言辞典;Lives of Poets诗人传;Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield给吉士菲尔伯爵的信 13、Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774 The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱;The Rivals情敌；The School for Scsanda造谣学校 14、William Blake布莱克1757-1827 Poetical Sketches素描诗集;Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem名诗：London;The Tiger 15、Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796 Poems Chiefly inthe Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集名诗：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;John Anderson约翰·安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn 16、William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 An Evening Walk黄昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;Ode to Duty义务颂;The Excursion远足;The Prelude序曲 17、Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria文学传记 18、Walter Scott瓦尔特·司各特1771-1832 诗：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集;Marimion玛里恩;The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人小说：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering盖·曼纳令;Rob Roy罗布罗伊;The Heart of Midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;Woodstock皇家猎馆;Queentin Durward昆廷·达沃 19、Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺 20、Charles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;Alburn Verses诗集;Essay of Elia伊利亚散文集(Dream Children梦中儿女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤猪论;Old China古瓷;New Year’s Eve除夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;The Superannuated Man领取养老金的人;A Bachelor’s Complaint of the Behaviorof Married People单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨) 21、William Hazlitt威廉·赫兹里特1778-1830 Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎剧中的人物;A View of the English Stage英国舞台一瞥;Lecture on the English Poets论英国诗人;The Spirit of the Age时代精神;Sketches and Essays素描与随笔;Table Talk桌边文谈名文：On Familiar Style 22、George Gordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824 Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰罗德·哈罗德游记;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;Oriental Tales东方叙事诗(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盗;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之围);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青铜世纪;Don Juan唐·璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece 23、Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;Adonais阿东尼斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;Englandin 1819;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;A Defence of Poetry诗辩 24、John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821 Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Hyperion赫披里昂（未完成） 25、Thomas Hood胡德1799-1845 The Song of the Shirt衬衫之歌;The Bridge of Sighs悲叹之桥;Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg基尔曼塞格小姐和她贵重的腿 26、Ernest Jones琼斯1819-1869 小说：The Women’s Wrongs妇女们的委屈名诗：The Song of the Lower Class;The Song of the Future 27、Afred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892 Poems of Two Brothers壎篪;Timbuctoo提姆巴克图;The Pricess公主;In Memoriam H H悼念哈拉姆;Maud毛黛;Enoch Arden伊诺克·阿登;Idylls of the King国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;The Eagle;Break,Break,Break 28、Robert Browning 勃朗宁1812-1889 Paracelsus巴拉塞尔士;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes比芭走过;Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧传奇与抒情诗(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice向前看);Dramatic Personae登场人物;Men and Women男男女女 29、Elizabeth Barrel Browning 1806-1861 Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗;The Cry of the Children? 30、Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;American Notes美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程 31、William MakepeaceThackery萨克雷1811-1863 The Book of Snobs势利者集;Vanity Fair名利场;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利·艾斯芒的历史;The Newcomes纽可谟一家;The Virginians弗吉尼亚人 32、Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865 Mary Barton玛丽·巴顿;Ruth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传 33、Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮·勃郎特1816-1855 Jane Eyre简爱;Shirley雪丽/Wuthering Height呼啸山庄/Agones Grey艾格尼斯·格雷 34、George Eliot爱略特1819-1880 Adam Bede亚当·贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南;Middlemarch米德尔马契;Felix Holt,the Radical 35、Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔1795-1881 Sartor Resartus衣裳哲学/旧衣新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒传;The French Revolution;Heroesand Hero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜 36、George Meredith梅瑞狄斯1828-1909 诗：Modern Love;Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth大地欢歌小说：The Ordeal of Richard Feverel理查德·法弗尔的考验；The Egoist利己主义者;Diana of the Crossways彷徨中的戴安娜;The Idea of Comedy and the Uses of the Comic Spirit喜剧的概念与喜剧精神的作用 37、William Morris莫里斯1834-1896 诗：The Earthly Paradise地上乐园;Chants of Socialism社会主义歌集;Pilgrims of Hope希望的探求者小说：A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰·保尔;News from Nowher乌有乡消息 38、Samuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902 The Way of All Flesh如此人生;Erewhon埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜 39、Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Under the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德诗集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯诗集??????????? 史诗剧：The Dynasts统治者三部曲40、Robert Couis Stevenson史蒂文生1850-1894 小说：New Arabian Nights新天方夜谭;Treasure Island宝岛;The Strange Case of Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde化身博士;Kidnapped诱拐游记：An Inland Voyage内陆游记;Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes骑驴旅行;A Child’s Garden of Verses儿童诗园 41、Isabella Augusta Gregory/Perse格葛瑞/珀斯1852-1932 The Travelling Man旅行者;Spreading the News道听途说;Hyachinth Halvey海钦斯·哈尔威;The Gaol Gate监牢之门;The Rising of the Moon月亮上升的时候 42、Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900 长篇小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像童话：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性 43、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950 长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者? 评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism剧本：Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;John Bull’s Other Island英国佬的另一个岛;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露 44、George Gissing吉辛1857-1903 小说：Demos民众;New Crub Srreet新穷士街;Born in Eile在流放中诞生;The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft拉伊克罗夫特的日记（散文）;Charles Dickens:A Critical Study狄更斯研究 45、Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924 长篇小说：Almayer’s Folly奥尔迈耶的愚蠢;The Nigger of the Narcissus水仙号上的黑鬼;Lord Jim吉姆老爷;Nostromo诺斯特罗莫;The Secret Agent间谍;Chance机缘;Victory胜利短篇小说：An Outpost of? Progress文明的前哨;Heart of Darkness黑暗的中心;Youth青春 46、Joseph Rudyard Kipling罗德雅德·吉卜林1865-1936 诗集：Barrak Room Ballad营房诗集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems赞美诗及其他;The Five Nations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之书;The Lost Legion 47、William Butler Yeats叶芝1865-1939 诗：Respondibilities责任;The Tower塔;The Winding Stair盘旋的楼梯名诗：A Deap Sworn Vow;Easter 1916剧本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的国土;The Hour Glass时漏;Dedidre黛德尔Autobiographies自传三部曲;Essays and Introduction 48、Herbert George Wells威尔斯1866-1946 科幻小说：The Time Machine时间机器;The Island of Dr Morau 莫洛博士岛;The Invisible Man隐身人;When the Sleeper Waked;The Shape of Things to Come未来事物的面貌??????????? An Outline of World Histrory 世界史纲社会生活小说：Tono Bungay托诺·班格;Ann Veronica安·维罗尼卡;Kipps基普斯49、Enoch Arnord Bennett阿诺德·本涅特1867-1931 A Man from the North北方人;Anna of the Five Towns五镇上的安娜;The Old Wives’ Tale老妇谭;Clayhanger克莱亨厄剧本：Milestones;How to Live Twentyfour Hours a Day 50、John Galworthy 高尔斯华绥1867-1933 From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家);(The White Monkey 白猿;The Silver Spoon银匙;Swan Song天鹅曲→A Modern Comedy现代喜剧) 剧作：The Silver Box银匣;Strife斗争 51、Saki萨奇（Hector Hugh Munro孟柔）1870-1916 短篇小说集：Reginald雷金纳德;Reginald in Russia;The Chronicles of Clovis克洛维斯记事;Beats and Super-beats;The Toys of Peace;The Square Egg方蛋名文：Dusk 52、Edward Morgan Forster福斯特1879-1970 长篇小说：Where Angels Fear to Tread天使们忘而却步的地方;The Longest Journey最漫长的旅程;A Room with a View可以远眺的地方;A Passage to India印度之行短篇小说集：The Eternal Moment永恒的时刻散文集：Abinger Harvest在阿宾格村的收获;Two Cheers for Democracy 53、John Millington Synge沁孤1871-1909 The Playboy of the Western World西方世界的花花公子;Riders to the Sea骑马下海的人们;Deridre of Sorrows悲伤的黛达尔;In the Shade of the Glen在幽谷的阴影下;The Tinker’s Wedding补锅匠的婚礼 54、Bertrand Russell 罗素1872-1970 Road to Freedom到自由之路;Marriage and Morals婚姻与自由;Mysticism and Logic神秘主义与逻辑;Sceptical Essays怀疑论集;The Analysis of Mind 心理分析;History of Western Philosophy西方哲学史;Priccipia Mathematica数学原理;A Free Man’s Worship短篇小说：Satan in the Suburbs撒旦在郊区;Portraits from Memory回忆中的画像55、William Somerset Maugham毛姆1874-1965 小说：Liza of Lambeth兰贝思的莉莎;Of Human Bondage人类枷锁;Cakes and Ale寻欢作乐;The Moon and Six Pence月亮与六便士短篇小说：Complete Short Stories短篇小说集剧本：Smith ;The Circle;Our Betters位居我们之上的人们 56、John Masefield 梅斯菲尔德1878-1967 诗：Salt-Water Ballads海上歌谣;The Everlasting Mercy永久的仁慈;The Widow in the Bye Street小街的寡妇;The Daffodil Fields水仙田;Reynard the Fox狐狸雷纳德小说：Captain Margaret;Multitude and Solitude群与独;Sard Harker萨德·哈克尔剧本：The Locked Chest 57、Giles Lytton Strachey斯特雷奇1880-1932 传记：Emiment Victorians维多利亚时代的杰出人物;Queen Victoria评论集：Land-marks in French Literature;Books and Characters 58、Sean O’casey肖恩·奥凯西1880-1964 剧本：The Shadow of a Gunman枪手的影子;Juno and the Peacock裘诺与孔雀;The Plough and the Stars犁与星;The Star Turns Red;Red Roses for Me给我红玫瑰自传体小说：I Knock at the Door我敲门;Pictures in the Hallway门厅里的图画;Drums under Windows窗下鼓声;Inishfallen,Fare Thee Well英尼希法伦，再见;Rose and Crown;Sunset and Evening Star日落与金星 59、James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941 短篇小说：Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒 60、Virginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941 长篇小说：Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人;To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;Orlando奥兰多传;The Waves浪;Flush弗乐希;Between the Acts幕间散文集：The Common Readers;The Death of the Moth and Other Essays;A Room of One’s Own;Three Guineas三个基尼亚名文：Modern Fiction现代小说??? 日记：A Writer’s Diary 61、David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯1885-1930 The White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers儿子与情人;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇女;Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰莱夫人的情人62、Katherine Mansfield曼斯菲尔德1888-1923 In a German Pension在一个德国公寓里;Blis幸福;The Garden Party园会;The Dove’s Nest鸽巢;Something Childish幼稚集 63、Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965 诗集：Prufrock and Other Observation普鲁夫洛克及其他;The Waste Land荒原;The Hollow Men空虚的人们;Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂里的谋杀案;The Family Reunion团圆评论集：The Sacred Wood圣林;Homage to John Dryden向约翰·德莱顿致敬;For Lancelot Andrews纪念兰斯洛特·安德鲁斯 64、Aldous Leonard Huxley赫胥黎1894-1963 Antic Hay滑稽的环舞;Point Counter Point旋律和对立;Brave New World新奇的世界;Letters书信集;Ape and Essence猿与本质;Eyeless in Gaza加沙的盲人;After Many a Summer多少个夏天之后;The Doors of Perception感觉之门;Fairy Godmother天使教母(←Two or Three Graces雅事二三) 65、John Boynton Priesley普里斯特利1899- 小说：The English Comic Characters英国喜剧从物;The English Novel英国小说;The Good Companions好伙伴;Angel Pavement天使街;They Walk in the City;他们走在城市中；Let the People Sing让人们歌唱剧本：Dangerous Corner危险的转角;Time and the Conways时代与康威一家;In Inspector Calls罪恶之家;When We Are Married;The Linden Tree普提树;Summer Day’s Dream夏日梦 66、Hugh MacDiarmid麦克迪尔米德1892-1978 Sangshaw诗歌集;A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle醉汉看蓟;First/Second/Third Hymn to Lenin;In Memoriam James Joyce悼念乔伊斯 ;Collected Poems名诗：Why I Choose Red;Moonlight Among;The Pines;Third Hymn to Lenin 67、Ivor Armstrong Richards理查兹1893-1979 Principles of Literary Criticism文学批评原理;Science and Poetry;Practical Criticism实用批评;Coleidge on Imagination柯尔律治论想象;The Philosophy of Rhetoric修辞哲学;Basic in Teaching :East and West教学基础（The Four Kinds of Meaning）;Basic English and It’s Uses基础英语及其应用 68、Leshe Poles Hartley哈特利1895-1972 短篇小说集：Night Fears and Other Stories黑夜的恐惧及其他故事(The Killing Bottle致命瓶;The White Wand白色魔杖)?? 论文集：The Novelist’s Responsibility长篇小说：Eustace and Hilda优斯塔斯与希尔达三部曲(The Shrimp and the Anemone虾与海葵);The Go-Between信使;The Hireling佣工；Facial Justice表面正义;The Boat;A Perfect Woman一个完美的女人;The Betrayal背叛;My Sister’s Keeper妹妹的监护人69、Elizabeth Bowen鲍恩1899-1973 The Hotel旅舍;The House in Paris巴黎寓所;The Death of the Heart心死;The Heat of the Day炎日??????? 短篇小说集：Look at All Those Roses(Tears ,Idle Tears) 70、Victor Sawdon Pritchett普里彻特1900- 短篇小说：The Sailor水手;The Sense of Humour幽默感;Mr Beluncle贝伦克尔先生游记：The Spanish Temper西班牙性格??? 评论集：Books in General书籍泛谈自传：A Cab at the Door:A Memoir马车在家门口：回忆录；? Midnight Oil挑灯夜谈 71、George Orwell奥威尔1903-1950 小说：Down and Out in Paris and London巴黎伦敦落魄记;Homage to Catalonia向坎塔罗尼亚致敬;Animal Farm兽园;Nineteen Eighty-Four散文集：Dickens,Dali and Others狄更斯，达里及其他;Shooting on Elephant and Other Essays猎象记及其他;The Collected Essays,Journalism and Letters of George Orwell in Four Volumes奥威尔散文，新闻写作及书信集名文：Lear Tolstoy and The Fool 72、Frank O’connor奥康纳1903-1966 论文集：The Lonely Voice:A Study of the Short Story寂寞之声：短篇小说研究自传：An Only Son独生子;My Father’s Son;The Backward Look:A Survey of Irish Literature爱尔兰文学回顾短篇小说集：Collection Two:Stories by Frank O’connor(Private Property私有财产) 73、Evelyn Waugh伊夫林·沃1903-1966 长篇小说：Decline and Fall没落与堕落;Vile Bodies行尸走肉;A Handful of Dust 一撮灰尘;Black Mischief黑色的祸害;Scoop挖新闻;Put out More Flags多升几面旗;Bridgeshead Revisited重游布赖兹海德(Men at Arms行伍生涯;Officers and Gentlemen军官与绅士;Unconditional Surrender无条件投降→The Sword of Honour荣誉之剑三部曲)自传：A Little Learning一点学问（三部只成一部）短篇小说集：Mr Loveday’s Little Outing and Other Sad Stories洛弗戴先生一次短暂的外出与其他悲惨故事 74、Christopher Isherwood 衣修午德1904- All the Conspirators所有的阴谋者;Mr Norris Changeds Traits诺里斯先生换火车;Sally Bowles萨利·鲍尔斯（选自《再见吧，柏林》）;Journey to a War战地行;Prater Violet紫罗兰姑娘;The World in the Evening夜晚的世界;Down there on A Visit在那儿进行访问;A Single Man单身汉;A Meeting by the River河畔相会 75、Graham Greene格雷厄姆·格林1904- 消遣：Stamboul Train斯坦布尔列车;A Gun for Sale一支出卖的枪;Our Man in Havana我们在哈瓦纳的人严肃：The Power and the Glory权力与荣誉;The Heart of the Matter问题的核心;The End of the Affair爱情的结局;The Quiet American;The Comedians喜剧演员;The Human Favor人的因素 76、Charles Percy Snow斯诺1905-1980 Strangers and Brothers陌生人与兄弟们;The Light and the Dark光明与黑暗;Time of Hope希望的时刻;The Masters院长们;The New Men新人;Homecoings归家;The Conscience of the Rich富人的良心;The Affairs事件;Corridors of Power权力走廊;The Sleep of Reason理智沉眠;Last Things结局 77、Peter Courtney Quennell昆纳尔1905- Byron:The Year of Fame拜伦：盛名时期;Byron in Italy;Byron:A Self-Portrait拜伦：一幅自我画像;A History of English Literature;Four Portraits:Studies of the 18th Century四幅画像：关于十八世纪的研究 78、William Empson燕卜荪1906- 诗集：Poems;The Gathering Storm酝酿中的风暴;Collected Poems名诗：Legal Fiction;Homage to the British Museum论著：Seven Types of Ambiguity晦涩的七种类型;Some Versions of Pastoral田园诗的几种变化；The Structure of Complex Words复合词的结构 79、Wystan Hugh Auden奥登1907-1973 诗集：Poems;The Orators雄辩家;Look,Stranger!瞧，陌生人;Spain 诗剧：The Dog Beneath the Skin皮下之狗;The Ascent,F6攀登F6;On the Frontier边界上The Sea and the Mirror海与镜;The Age of Anxiety忧虑时代;The Shield of Achilles阿基琉斯的盾牌;Homage to Clio向克奥女神致敬;About the House屋子内外散文评论集：The Dyer’s Hand染工之手;Secondary World次要的世界名诗：Who’s Who;The Unknown Citizen;Their Lonely Betters 80、William Golding戈尔丁1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;The Inheritors继承人;Pincher Martin平却·马丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔 81、Angus Wilson威尔逊1913- 小说：The Wrong Set and Other Storie乱了套和其他短篇故事s;Anglo-Saxon Attitudes盎格鲁撒克逊态度;The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot艾略特夫人的中年;The Old Men at the Zoo; Late Call夜访;As if by Magic象是用了魔术评论：Emile Zole爱弥尔·佐拉;The World of Charles Dickens;The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling吉卜林的奇异旅程 82、Dylon Thomas迪伦·托马斯1914-1953 诗：Eighteen Poems;The Map of Love爱的地图;Deaths and Entrances死亡与出场;Collected Poems自传：Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog作为一条小狗的艺术家画像广播剧：Under the Milk Wood????? 名诗：Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night 83、Muriel Sarah Spark斯帕克1918- The Comforter安慰者;The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie琼·布罗迪小姐的黄金时代;The Diver’s Seat司机的座位;The Abbess of Crewe克鲁女修道院院长;Loitering with Intent存心游戏;Collected Stories I短篇小说集（一）84、Richard Lessing多丽丝·莱辛1919- The Grass is Singing草儿在歌唱;Childrenof Violence暴力和孩子们(Martha Quest玛莎·金奎特 ;A Proper Marriage正当的婚姻;A Ripple from the Storm暴风雨掀起的涟漪;Landlocked被陆地围住的;The Four-gated City四门城);The Golden Notebook金色笔记;Briefing for a Descent into Hell堕入地狱简况;The Summer before the Dark 85、Iris Murdoch默多克1919- Under the Net在网下;The Bel钟l;A Severed Head砍掉的头;The Black Prince黑衣王子;The Sea,The Sea大海啊，大海 86、Philip Larkin拉金1922- 诗：The North Ship北方船;Jill;AGirl in Winter诗集：The Less Deceived受骗较少的人;The Whitsun Weddings降灵节婚礼;High Windows高窗名诗：Church Going;Reason for Attendance 87、Kingsley Amis 金斯莱·艾米斯1922- 小说：Lucky Jim幸运的吉姆;My Enemy’s Enemy我的敌人的敌人;One Fat Englishman一个英国胖子;That Uncertain Feeling那种不安感;Take a Girl Like You爱你这样的姑娘;Ending up死 88、John Wain韦恩1925- 长篇小说：Hurry on Down大学后的漂泊;Living in the Present生活在当代;The Contenders竞争者;Strike the Father Dead打死父亲;A Winter in the Hills山中寒冬短篇小说集：The Life Guard救生员 89、Brian Wilson Aldiss奥尔迪斯1925- The Brightfountain Diaries明泉日记; The Billion Year Spree:The History of Science Fiction科幻小说史;Best SF Stories of Brian W Aldiss奥尔迪斯最佳科幻故事集(Outside外界) 90、Alan Sillitoe西利托1928- Saturday Night and Sunday Morning;The General;Key to the Door;A Tree on Fire;A Start in Life一位长跑运动员的孤独;The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner捡破烂人的女儿;The Ragman’s Daughter;TheWindower’s Son 91、John Osborne奥斯本1929- Look back in Anger愤怒的回顾;Lurther;Inadmissible Evidence不能接受的证据;Time Present and Hotel in Amsterdam 目前和阿姆斯特丹的旅馆 92、Ted Hughs特德·休斯1930- The Hawk in the Rain 雨中鹰;Lupercal卢泼卡尔神(Hawk of Roosting);Scapegoats and Rabies替罪羊与狂犬病;Wodwo沃德沃怪物;Crow乌鸦Songs of Woe哀歌 93、Arnold Wesker韦斯克1932- 剧本：The Wesker Triology韦斯克三部曲(Chicken Soup with Barley大麦鸡汤;Roots;I’m Talking about Jerusalem0;The Four Seasons;The Friends;The Journalists新闻记者;Caritas Christi 卡里塔斯·克里斯蒂 94、Margaret Drabble德雷伯尔1939- 小说：A Summer Bird-cage夏日的鸟笼;The Garrick Year茄立克年;The Millstone磨石;The Needle’s Eye 针眼 ;The Realms of Gold黄金世界;The Ice Age冰期美国文学 1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者 6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878 The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年 7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝） Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems 艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦 8、Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河 9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864? Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:YoungGoodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers 11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌 12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德 13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗 14、John Greenleaf Whittier约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗 15、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们 16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代 17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的 18、Mark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结 19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902 The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅。
英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料
The Canterbury Tales
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
trans.(Boethius 波伊提乌，Roman)
400)
Complaint to His Empty Purse (1399)《致空囊》 The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》 (Masterpiece)
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The most vigorous有力的；精力充沛的 character is the larger-than-life Wife of Bath
The crudest粗野的，缺乏教养的 character is the Miller磨 坊主；碾磨工
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Prologue
The Prologue开场 is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. From the Prologue, we can see that Chaucer is a talented portrait painter. Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They are the representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections.
杰弗里·乔叟 英语介绍
3可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一 点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些 介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个 阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就 先把骑士说说
When zephyrs have breathed softly all about 西风轻拂，催生草木 Inspiring every wood and field to sprout, 空中朝气勃勃的太阳已过白羊座处 And in the zodiac the youthful sun 转眼便是四月之初 His journey halfway through the Ram has run; 美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦 When little birds are busy with their song 鸟儿不辞昼夜忙于歌唱 Who sleep with open eyes the whole night long 生机唤醒了它们的心与内在的激荡
6《百鸟议会》(The
Parliament of
Fowls,1380) 7《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》（Troilus and Cryseyde） 他翻译过的法国文学作品有《玫瑰传奇》 (Romance of the Rose)
坎特伯雷故事集(The Canterbury Tales)简介：
And specially in England people ride 在英格兰尤甚 To Canterbury from every countryside 人们从各个角落去往坎特伯雷城 To visit there the blessed martyred saint 去朝拜那有神佑的殉道圣人 Who gave them strength when they were sick and faint. 那个在他们脆弱无助时给予帮助的灵魂
英美文学作家
英国：Geoffrey Chaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）: He is the father of English poetry. He was buried in the Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “…Poets‟Corner”. As a forerunner of humanism, he praised man‟s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集）is his masterpiece. He made great contribution to the English language.Sir Thomas Malory（托马斯·马洛礼）: The author of The Death of Arthur《亚瑟王之死》, which tells the whole life of King Arthur. It was he who finally compiled together the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. He is a knight. He made great contribution to the development of English prose.Edmund Spenser（爱德蒙·斯宾塞): He is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poetic effusions.The Faerie Queene《仙后》is Spenser‟s masterpiece, which is an unfinished allegorical romance.Christopher Marlowe（克里斯托弗·马洛）: He was the most gifted of the University Wits. He perfected the blank verse and made it the principle medium of English drama. His first play is Tamburlaine the Great《帖木儿大帝》. Dr. Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧》is his masterpiece.Marlowe is the only dramatist of the time who is ever compared with Shakespeare.Francis Bacon（弗朗西斯·培根）: He is a representative of the English renaissance, a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He is regarded as the chief figure in English prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature. The most wildly read works are his essays, of Studies, of Friendship, of Truth.John Donne（约翰·多恩）: He is a Jacobean(詹姆士一世）poet and preacher, representative of the metaphysical poets of this period. Donne wrote little secular(现世的）poetry, instead, he devoted all his time and efforts to his priestly duties, writing sermons and religious poems.George Herbert(乔治·赫伯特）: He was called “the saint of the Metaphysical school”. He is a devout(虔诚的) Anglican clergyman who believes that a poet should sing the glory of God. Virtue《美德》is one of his masterpieces.Ben Jonson(本·琼森）：He is an English renaissance dramatist and poet. His reputation as a playwright has traditionally been associated with Shakespeare, and his reputation as a poet has been compared to that of John Donne. Song to Celia《致西莉亚》is famous.John Milton(约翰·弥尔顿）：Milton is political in both his life and his art. He is a master of the blank verse. He is a great stylist. The revolutionary enthusiasm of thebourgeois revolution and the bitter hatred for the despotic(暴虐的）ruler is best shown in his works. Paradise Lost《失乐园》is his masterpiece.John Bunyan(约翰·班扬）：He is a religious novelist whose style is modeled after of the English Bible. He was the chief Puritan writer of prose. He is known for his simple and lively prose style. The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》is his masterpiece, which theme is every Christian has to take in his inner heart a journey in order to be saved.John Dryden(约翰·德莱顿）：He is one of the leading writers in the Restoration period. Following the standards of classicism, he established the heroic couplet. He is the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔·笛福): He is known as a pioneer novelist of England and also a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on a great variety of subjects. He was a businessman and did not have much knowledge of the classics. Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》and Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》are two of his famous books.Jonathan Swift(乔纳森·斯威夫特): He is a master of satires. He is a member of the Anglican Church. He was a church man and a university graduate. He viewed human society with contempt and has been called a cynic（愤世嫉俗者）and even a misanthrope.(厌恶人类的人. A Modest Proposal《一个谦卑的建议》is one of his famous books. Gulliver’s Travels《格列弗游记》is his masterpiece.Henry Fielding(亨利·菲尔丁): He is a dramatist, an essayist and a novelist. His fame is established chiefly upon his success as a novelist. He is the founder of the English realistic novel. The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的故事》is regarded as Fielding‟ s masterpiece.William Blake(威廉·布莱克): The distinctive feature of his poetry is the symbolism in wide range. His most well known poems are collected in two collections. They are Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》and Songs of Experience《经验之歌》. These two collections reflect “ two contrary states of human soul”. His first book of poem was Poetical Sketches《素描诗集》.William Wordsworth(威廉·华兹华斯): He published Lyrical Ballads 《抒情诗歌》in collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It can be read as a declaration of romanticism. Wordsworth is most celebrated for his poetry of nature. His love for nature is boundless. He is one of lake poets.Samuel Taylor Coleridge(塞缪尔·柯尔律治): He is one of the lake poets. His representative work is The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》. Another well known poem is Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗）. He and Wordsworth are regarded as two greatest progenitors(先驱) of the English Romantic spirit.George Gordon Byron(乔治·戈登·拜伦): Byron makes a great contribution to the English Literature, which is the literary figure of the “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. Don Juan《唐璜》is his masterpiece.Percy Bysshe Shelley(珀西·比希·雪莱): He is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He formed rebellious thoughts. Though he was very gentle by nature, he disgusted(厌恶) all the unjust things and tyranny of the governing class so he wrote many works to express his rebellious thoughts. Queen Mab《麦布女王》is his first important poem.John Keats(约翰·济慈): He is considered as a remarkable master of lyrical poetry, a consummate(完美的) artist in poetical language, a singer and an advocate of the cult(狂热) of beauty, a writer of “pure poetry”, a sort of “art for art‟s sake” dreamer who steeps(浸) himself in poetic fancy and fantasy and has little interest in social or political problems of his day. On First Looking into Chapman’ s Homer《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》is the most important of Keats‟ early sonnets.Charles Lamb(查尔斯·兰姆): Charles Lamb was a famous essayist in the English Romantic period. He is best known for his Essays of Elia《伊利亚随笔选》and children‟s book Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚故事集》. Lamb has been referred as the most lovable figure in English literature, and his influence on the English essay can not be overestimated.Walter Scott(瓦尔特·司各特): He is a famous historical novelist in the English Romantic period. Scott made his fame by his novels, which are not only characterized by romantic elements, but also are noted for their realistic description of historical events. Critics agreed that the English Romantic period ended when Scott died. Scott paves the way to realism and marks the transition from Romanticism to Realism. Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》is his representative work.Charles Dickens(查尔斯·狄更斯): He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. He paid lots of attention to the social problems. He showed great sympathy and love for the poor people and exposed all the injustice, hypocrisy, corruption in the bourgeois society. Dombey and Son《董贝父子》and Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》are two of his representative works.William Makepeace Thackeray(威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷): He is one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. He mainly described the lives of the upper and the middle classes. He was a cynic who saw no good in anything and doubted the goodness of human nature. Vanity Fair《名利场》is his masterpiece.Lord Alfred Tennyson(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生): He is one of the “The Big Three” of Victorian poets. He was given the title of “Poet of the People”. His famous books are :Break, Break, Break《拍吧，拍吧，拍吧》，Ulysses《尤利西斯》，In Memnoriam A.H.H《悼念》》Robert Browning(罗伯特·布朗宁): He is considered to be the most original poet of the Victorian Age. He was bold and unconventional in matter and style. He is noteworthy for the dramatic monologue. In his dramatic monologues, he penetrates to the psychology of his characters and through their own speeches, he analyzes his characters and reveals the innermost(最深处的) secret of their lives. The poem My Last Duchess《我已故的公爵夫人》is one of the most representative of his dramatic monologues.Matthew Arnold(马修·阿诺德): He was both a British poet and a literary critic. He has been characterized as a sage(圣人) writer, a type of writer who chastises(责骂) and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues. Arnold started his literary career as a poet and he became one of the typical poets in Victorian Age. His most famous poetry is Dover Beach《多佛海滩》. Most of his poetic production is beautiful, often formally impressive.Charlotte Bronte(夏洛特·勃朗特):She introduced the first governess(女家庭教师) novel in the history of English literature. She is the forerunner of the feminism.She gave voice to the feelings and aspirations of the educated women of her age. Jane Eyre is her masterpiece. She is one of “the Bronte sisters”.Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代): Living at the turn of the century, he is often regarded as a transitional writer. His works reflect the transition of the English literature from the Victorian Age to Modern Age. Hardy started off the tradition of “regional novels”. Most of his novels are set in Wessex, a fictional primitive region. He is the representative person of Naturalism. Tess of D’ Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》is his masterpiece.George Bernard Shaw(乔治·伯纳·萧)：He is considered to be the best known English dramatist since William Shakespeare. Shaw was awarded the Nobel Price. He expressed his views on a variety of subjects with great frankness and wit. Shaw was strongly against the credo “Art for art‟s sake”. He held that art should serve social purpose by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people. Major Barbara《芭芭拉少校》is one of his masterpieces.James Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯): He is one of the most prominent literary figures of the 20th century. His works shows a unique synthesis(综合) of realism, the “Stream of Consciousness”and symbolism. All his poems has the same setting——Ireland, especially Dublin, and the same subject——the Irish people and their life. Ulysses《尤利西斯》is one of his major books.John Osborne(约翰·奥斯本): He is an English playwright and screenwriter. Thesuccess of his play Look Back in Anger《愤怒的回顾》transformed the post-war English theater. He is the example of the Angry Young Men with his play Look Back in Anger.Samuel Beckett(贝克特): His philosophy is complete pessimism. Man‟s reason is is unreliable. Truth does not exist, or if it does, man can never know it, because no human acts have meaning or purpose and life as a whole is tedious. There is no hope of communication with other human beings, for we are all unreal or false to one another. Waiting for Godot is his masterpiece.Iris Murdoch(爱丽丝·默多克): She is an Irish-born British author and philosopher, best known for her novels about political and social questions of good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious. Her works include A Severed Head《砍掉的头》, The Black Prince《黑衣王子》, and so on.William Golding(威廉·戈尔丁): He won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Apart from writing, his occupations include being a schoolmaster, a lecture, an actor, a sailor, and a musician. Lord of the Flies《蝇王》is his masterpiece.V.S.Naipaul(维·苏·奈保尔): He is a British novelist and essayist. He is the author of more than twenty books of fiction and nonfiction. He was awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. He is one of the best three migrant writers in English literature. Between Father and Son is one of his best known nonfictional works. In a Free State is one of his best known fictional works.Martin Amis(马丁·艾米斯): He is an English novelist. He is probably the most widely acclaimed writer in contemporary Britain. His best known novels are Money:A Suicide Note《钞票：绝命书》and London Fields《伦敦场地》. He has been listed for the Booker Prize twice.Seamus Heaney(谢默斯·希尼): He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. His poetry consists of mainly two genres: First,, the observed and recollected facts of his early rural experience. Second, the psychological meditation on the violence in Northern Ireland. His poetic language is recommended for the vivid description of details and profound philosophical meditation.Death of a Naturalist《自然主义者之死》is one of his best known works.Oscar Wilde(奥斯卡·王尔德): He is one of the most accomplished writers in the Victorian Age, the advocator of “ art for art‟s sake”. He expresses a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper class in his plays. He is a spokesman for the “aesthetic movement”. The Picture of Dorain Gray《道林·格雷的画像》and The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》are regarded as his masterpieces.美国：Jonathan Edwards(乔纳森·爱德华兹)：Puritanism is a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and levelheaded common sense. Jonathan Edwards represents the former aspect, and Franklin the latter. All of his endeavors contributed to bringing about the Great Awakening“. His works include The Freedom of the Will《论意志自由》, Personal Narrative《自述》, and so on.Benjamin Franklin(本杰明·富兰克林): He is one of the “Founding Fathers of the United States of America” and the prestigious(有名望的) diplomat who endeavored to gain the support from France during the Independent War which made the formation of United States possible. The Autobiography《自传》could be seen as the representative work of Franklin.Philip Freneau(菲利普·弗瑞诺): He is a “poet of the American Revolution” and the “father of American Poetry”. In his generation, he tried to bring the innovation to the American poetry. And he tried to see the native American‟s life and the vast continent of America. His most important works include the poems The Rising Glory of America《美洲光辉的兴起》，The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》，The Indian Burying Ground《印第安人殡葬地》.Washington Irving()华盛顿·欧文）：Irving has been called “Father of the American short story”. He is the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame, so he is also regarded as father of American literature. He plays an important role in inspiring American romanticism with his masterpiece Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·凡·温克尔》and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》.James Fennimore Cooper(詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库伯): His historical romances of frontier and Indian life in the early American days created a unique form of American literature. He was one of the first authors to write about the American Westward Movement. He created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》is his masterpiece.Ralph Waldo Emerson: He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism. One major element of his philosophy is his firm belief in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”. His emphasis on the spirit runs through virtually all his writings. Nature 《论自然》is his masterpiece, which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism.Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加·艾伦·坡):He is a romantic poet who is preoccupied with the subject of the death of one‟s beloved lover of great intelligence and beauty. His poems are heavily tinted(着色) in a dreamy, hallucinatory（引起幻觉的）color. The Raven《乌鸦》is a good example. And as a short story writer, he was a fascinating man of imagination.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(亨利·沃兹沃斯·费罗): He is among the first ofAmerican writers to use native themes. A Psalm to Life《人生礼赞》is his most famous poem that encourages people to preserve despite tragedy. Poems on Slavery 《奴役篇》is his another famous work.Henry David Thoreau(亨利·大卫·梭罗): He was an active Transcendentalist. He saw nature as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on man‟s spiritual well-being, and regarded it as a symbol of the spirit. He was very critical of modern civilization.. Walden《瓦尔登湖》is his masterpiece.Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑): He is a master of symbolism. He has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man‟s being. All his life, Hawthorne seems to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life. The Scarlet Letter《红字》is his masterpiece，which established him as the leading American native novelist of the 19th century.Herman Melville(赫尔曼·麦尔维尔): He was best known as the author of one book, Moby Dick which is considered as the world‟s greatest masterpieces. Influenced by Hawthorne he changed his original design of Moby Dick《莫比·迪克》Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼): He is a great poet with a strong sense of mission. His best known work, Leaves of Grass《草叶集》，broke with the poetic convention, and its sexuality and exotic and vulgar language brought harsh criticisms on it.Emily Dickinson(艾米莉·狄更生): She explores the inner life of the individual. His poetry is a clear illustration of her religious-ethical and political-social ideas. On the ethical level Dickinson emphasizes free will and human responsibilities. The themes of her poetry concern about religion, life, death, love and marriage, immortality, nature, eternity.William Dean Howells(威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯): He is the champion of realism. He writes about the rising middle class and the way they live. His famous work, The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕母的发迹》is a fine specimen of American realistic writing.Mark Twain(马克·吐温): He should be remembered both as a great literary artist and a great social critic in the history of the United States. He describes the lower class of American society and is famous for colloquial style and localism. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里·芬历险记》is his masterpiece. Henry James(亨利·詹姆斯): He describes the upper class of the American society. He is famous for psychological realism. His fame rested largely upon his handling of his major fictional fame, “the international fame”. His famous books include The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇人的画像》, The Ambassadors《使节》, etc.Stephen Crane(斯蒂芬·克莱恩): He is considered as the founder of the terse laconic(简明的) school of Hemingway and the war writers. He was a pioneer writing in the naturalistic tradition. His famous books include: The Red badge of Courage 《红色英雄勋章》，Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎玛吉》，etc.Theodore Dreiser(西奥多·德莱塞): He is generally acknowledged as one of American literary naturalists. He retained a strong sympathy for communism and joined Communist Party shortly before his death. He was left-oriented in his views. He was widely read in literature. Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》is his masterpiece.Jack London(杰克·伦敦): He is considered as the founder of psychological realism. His famous works include: Marin Eden《马丁·伊登》，The Law of Life《生命的法则》，etc.Ezra Pound(艾兹拉·庞德)：He is regarded as “the father of modern American poetry” and the “most influential leader of the Imagist Movement.”William Carlos Williams(威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯): His poetic power stems from his clear vision of the real world.He feels strongly that poetry must be grounded in everyday experience and in the speech of the common man. It must use the common meters of living speech. The Red Wheelbarrow《红色手推车》is his representative work.Robert Frost(罗伯特·弗罗斯特): He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. The Road Not Taken 《未选择的路》is one of his masterpieces. He has been linked with the tradition of nature poetry.T.S Eliot(艾略特)：He is a great modernist poet, an important verse dramatist and a great prose writer. His poetry was becoming noted for its fresh visual imagery, its flexible tone, and highly expressive rhythm. The Waste Land《荒原》is his masterpiece, which gives a picture of the spiritual ruins in Europe after the end of World War I. Wallace Stevens(华莱士·史蒂文斯): He is sharply against Eliot‟s earlier pessimism and later religious attitude. He was absolutely committed to the notion that a poet lives in two worlds——the world of reality and the world of imagination——and builds bridges between them. Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的轶事》is one of his famous works.Carl Sandburg(卡尔·桑伯格）：He is one of the Mid-West prairie poets that became known in the Chicago Renaissance. He was optimistic. He saw an America of “tomorrows” and wrote about it in his poems such as “the Prairie”. His attitude toward the industrial and mechanical civilization that America was developing was essentially affirmative.E.E Cummings(卡敏斯): He is the most interesting experimentalist in modern American poetry. He is a symbol of the modern pioneering spirit in modern American literary history.Hart Crane(哈特·克莱恩): He was one of the best American poets of the twentieth century. Crane was a voracious(贪婪的）reader. He has his own views on poets and poetry. Bridge《桥》is one of his famous works.F.Scott.Fitzgerald(弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德）：He is widely regarded as one of twentieth century‟s greatest writers. His greatness lies in the fact that he found intuitively, in his personal experience, the embodiment of that of the nation and created a myth out of American life. The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》is his masterpiece.Ernest Hemingway(欧内斯特·海明威）：He was regarded as the most important spokesman for the Lost Generation. He received Nobel Prize for Literature. His famous style——“Iceberg Principle” that emphasizes simplicity and economy of expression. Almost all his stories deal with the theme of courage in the face of tragedy. They reveal man‟s impotence and despairing courage to assert himself against overwhelming odds. These heroes are called “The Hemingway Code Hero”.Sinclair Lewis(辛克莱·刘易斯）：The first American author to win the Noble Prize, Sinclair Lewis has been called the worst important writer in American Literature. He was a sociological writer. His novels form a segment of American social history. Babbit《巴比特》is one of his famous works.Sherwood Anderson(舍伍德·安德森）：His works‟ influence on American fiction is profound, and its literary voice can be heard in Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, and others. One of his famous woks are Winesburg Ohio《小镇畸人》.Willa Gather(薇拉·凯瑟）：She was one of the few “uneasy survivors of the 19th century. Hanging onto the traditional values, she never able to come to terms with modernity. She has a deep-seated(根深蒂固的) abhorrence(痛恨) for the modern present with all its amenities(愉快) and contrivances(发明）.William Faulkner(威廉·福克纳）：He is the foremost southern writer of the 20th century. His theme is essentially an analysis of the underlying cause for failure and decay of modern society. Light in August《八月之光》is his masterpiece.John Dos Passos(约翰·多斯·阳索斯): In a sense the thirties can be called the decade of John Dos Passos. He is the leading naturalist of the Depression, and hismasterpiece, U.S.A《美国三部曲》was probably the best work that came out of the period. Of all the major literary figures involved in the turbulence(动荡) of modern American life, he experienced most the agony of having to do an about-face(沉底改变) in his political outlook.John Steinbeck(约翰·斯坦贝克）：He is considered as the foremost writer of the Great Depression during the 1930s. His novels mainly dealt with the migration of agriculture workers during the Great Depression. The Grapes of Wrath(愤怒的葡萄）is his masterpiece.Eugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔): He is regarded as America‟s greatest play wright and he is the only dramatist in American literary history so far to win a Nobel Prize. His important works include: The Emperor Jones《琼斯皇帝》，The Hairy Ape《毛猿》，and on on.Arthur Miller(阿瑟·米勒）：He is one of the leading figures of the post-war American dramatists.He is a great play wright of social philosophy, concerned with the inner thoughts of individuals and their conflicts with the morality of their society. Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》is his masterpiece.John Updike(约翰·厄普代克）：He is an American novelist, poet, short-story writer,art critic, and literary critic. Updike‟ s most famous works are his Rabbit series.Joseph Heller(约瑟夫·海勒）：He is an American satirical novelist, short-story writer and playwright. Catch-22《第二十二条军规》is his masterpiece about American servicemen during World War II. Although he is remembered primarily for Catch-22, his other works center on the lives of various members of the middle class and remain examples of modern satire.Eudora Welty(尤多拉·韦尔蒂): She is an American author who writes about stories and novels about the American South. Her book The Optimist’s Daughter 《乐观者的女儿》won the Pulitzer Prize.Saul Bellow(索尔·贝娄): He is famous for his narrative skills and for his studies of Jewish-American life. He was awarded the Nobel Prize. Herzog《赫尔佐格》is his masterpiece.Bernard Malamud(伯纳德·马拉默德）：He is an author of novels and short stories. Along with Saul Bellow and Philip Roth, he is one of the great American Jewish authors of the 20th century. The Assistant《店员》is one of his important works.J.D.Salinger(杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格）：He is an American author, best known for his novel Catcher in the Rye《麦田里的守望者》, as well as his reclusive(隐居的) nature.Ralph Ellison(拉尔夫·埃里森): He is a novelist, literary critic, scholar and writer. Ellison is best know for his novel I nvisible Man《看不见的人》，which won the National Book Award.Toni Morrison(托尼·莫里森): She is a Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winning American novelist, editor and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed black characters. Song of Solomon《所罗门之歌》is one of his important works.Allen Ginsberg(艾伦·金斯堡): He is an American poet who vigorously opposed militarism and sexual repression. He was a leading figure of the Beat Generation. Howl 《嚎叫》is his masterpiece.Tennessee Williams(田纳西·威廉斯): He is an American playwright who receives many of the top theatrical awards for his woks of drama.His plays portray the loneliness and isolation of modern man, The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》is his masterpiece.。
英美文学Chapter 1 Chaucer
• The landscape in this passage also clearly situates the text in England.
• Chaucer's landscape is also accessible to all types of people, but especially those who inhabit the countryside, since Chaucer speaks of budding flowers, growing crops, and singing birds.
• 期末考试 (final)(70 %).
• Final test : introduce authors作家 and works作品, determine sources of quotations确定引用的出处, appreciate poems欣赏诗歌, comment on and translate passages评论和翻译选段, read short stories and answer questions阅读短篇并回答问题, etc.
Explanation to the Text
• Opening lines.
• Imagery: spring's renewal and rebirth. April's sweet showers, flowers. The constellation Taurus 金牛座 is in the sky; Zephurus 西风 (the warm, gentle west wind), has breathed life into the fields; and the birds chirp 鸟叫 merrily.
英美文学论文
英国文学之杰弗里·乔叟 (Geoffrey Chaucer.1343-1400)摘要: 杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1340年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，中世纪最伟大的诗人，出生于一个酒商家庭。
1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。
乔叟当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲国家，两度访问意大利，发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品，对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。
代表作：《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）其他作品《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women)以及《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。
乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。
乔叟的死因不明，可能死于谋杀。
关键字：杰弗里·乔叟《坎特伯雷故事集》中世纪的最后一位诗人。
莎士比亚或许是英国最有名的诗人，可是他却无缘于英国诗人之父这个称号，为英国诗歌导路的是在他200年前的诗人乔叟，一个姓乔的老头。
1343年出生的乔叟是伦敦酒商的儿子，十几岁起进入宫廷当差。
1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久赎回。
乔叟与宫廷往来密切，当过廷臣、关税督察、肯特郡的治安法官、郡下议院议员。
他曾因外交事务出使许多国家和地区，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。
乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了官位和年金，经济拮据。
他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》，给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉自己的贫穷。
1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”。
他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人广泛采用，因而被后人誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
[精品]英国人文主义文学
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《威尼斯商人》（四幕，1596）
是莎士比亚喜剧中最富 于社会讽刺意义的一部。 作者站在人文主义的立 场上，歌颂仁爱、友谊 和爱情，同时也反映了 资本主义早期商业资产 阶级与高利贷者之间的 矛盾，表现了作者对资 产阶级社会中金钱、法 律和宗教等问题的人文 主义思想。
夏洛克的人物形象
一方面，夏洛克是高利贷资本家的代表， 是一毛不拔的守财奴，心胸狭窄，复仇心 极重，冷酷无情；他对别人的谩骂反唇相 讥，冷静和自信的态度活灵活现。从这个 意义上说，他是地地道道的恶棍； 但另一方面，他也是一个在基督教社会里 受欺侮的犹太人，夏洛克对安东尼奥的报 复有合理而又复杂的动机。人们对夏洛克， 既鄙夷他的贪婪，憎恨他的残酷，又多少 同情他所受的种族压迫和屈辱。
渴念《皆大欢喜》 羞怯、喜悦《第》 一见钟情《罗》 互 为 存 在
忠贞
失恋的悲伤和绝望
性 喜剧主题——“爱可以征服一切” 性
爱情的高峰体验
马斯洛： 人的幸福在于人有各个方面情感上的高峰 体验，就是人在处理人和自然、人和社会、人 和人、人和自身这四个关系中能达到高度和谐 一致的时候，人就出现了情感的高峰体验。
人物形象 奥瑟罗充满着那个时代的冒险精神，冲锋陷阵， 英勇善战，同时又有着豪爽、正直、热情、坦 率的品质；但另一方面，他又有着强烈的嫉妒 之心，过于轻信他人、不谙世事的性格特点。 他性格当中的这种矛盾性，正是《奥瑟罗》悲 剧的根源。
奥瑟罗的悲剧成因： 内在原因： ①奥瑟罗还有封建意识的残余，这是人文主义者 的时代局限； 封建夫权意识（魔法方守帕） ②个性中的弱点——轻信。
“艾汶河上的斯特拉福镇”已成为英 国著名的文化旅游胜地，每年都吸引 着众多来自世界各国的莎士比亚崇拜 者前来“朝圣”； 根据斯特拉福圣三一教堂登记簿 上的记载，莎士比亚受洗的日子是 1564年4月26日；
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And the small fowl are making melody That sleep away the night with open eye (so nature pricks them and their heart engages) 小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
couplet)
E.g. A thousand times have I heard men telle That there is joye in heven and peyne in helle (alliterative verse---- metrical form)
laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse
Geoffrey Chaucer
LOGO
Position of Geoffrey Chacuer
a. the father of English poetry b. the father of English fiction c. the forerunner of English renaissance d. one of the greatest narrative poets of England e. the first poet who wrote in English language f. the first English realistic poet
Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They are the representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections.
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(a)French influence (1360-1372)
Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》 trans.
The Book of the Duchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》
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(b) Italian influence (1372-1386)
送走了土壤干裂的三月。 沐浴着草木的丝丝茎络， 顿时万花盛开，生机勃勃。
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When also Zephyrus with his sweet breath, Exhales an air in every grove and heath Upon the tender shoots, and the young sun 西风轻吹，留下清香缕缕， 田野复苏，吹出芳草绿绿； His half-course in the sign of the Ram 碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日 青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。 has run,
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Brief Introduction
1357年做宫廷侍童， 1359年参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回， 1361年-1367年在内殿法学协会受训， 1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大 陆，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克 ，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。 1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员， 1382年兼任酒类及其它商品的关税管理员。 1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二年被选为该郡骑士代表出席议 会下院。 1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事和萨默塞 特王室森林副主管。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了官位和年金， 经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉自 己的贫穷。 1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角 ”(Poet's Corner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。
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The most vigorous有力的；精力充沛的 character is the larger-than-life Wife of Bath
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The crudest粗野的，缺乏教养的 character is the Miller磨 坊主；碾磨工
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Prologue
Each of the narrators reveals his or her own views and character. Chaucer created a striking brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. And thus Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached a high level of power. It is no exaggeration to say that the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time. Looking at his picture gallery, we know at once how people lived in that era. So Chaucer was praised as “the father of English realism”.
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When in April the sweet showers fall, And pierce the drought of March to the root and all The veins are bathed in liquor of such power, As brings about the engendering of the flower, 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，
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(c) English
influence (1387-1400)
Complaint to His Empty Purse (1399)《致空囊》
The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》 (Masterpiece)
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The Canterbury Tales
Prologue
The Prologue开场 is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. From the Prologue, we can see that Chaucer is a talented portrait painter.
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Literary Career
Chaucer’s literary career can be divided into three periods corresponding with those of his life.
(a) French influence (1360-1372) (b) Italian influence (1372-1386) (c) English influence (1387-1400)
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Prologue
The pilgrims range from the knight, the squire, the prioress, through the landed proprietor and wealthy tradesman, down to the drunken cook and humble plowman. There are also monks, nuns and priests. And there are also doctors, a lawyer, a summoner, a sailor, a miller and Oxford scholar. With a feeling of sympathy Chaucer describes the Clerk, a poor philosopher who spends all his money on books. Among the pilgrims there is a Wife from the town of Bath, a gaily dressed middle-aged widow, who Page 15 hopes to find a husband in Canterbury.
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The first character, traveling with his squire侍从 and yeoman仆人 , is a knight骑士 who represents the nobility贵族 : “He was a very parfit, gentle knight.”
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英雄双韵体 (Heroic Couplet) 英雄双韵体 (Heroic Couplet) 是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每 行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式 均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。 拿四行诗的押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb 型，还有aaab型。第四种（aabb型）实际上是双行押韵，英语称之为 couplet,如果每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双韵体”。