轻型货车悬架减震器匹配计算与结构设计说明书文稿

轻型货车悬架减震器匹配计算与结构设计说明书文稿

摘要

减振器主要用来抑制弹簧吸振后反弹时的振荡及来自路面的冲击｡在经过不平路面时,虽然吸振弹簧可以过滤路面的振动,但弹簧自身还会有往复运动,而减振器就是用来抑制这种弹簧跳跃的｡减振器太软,车身就会上下跳跃,减振器太硬就会带来太大的阻力,妨碍弹簧正常工作｡

本次设计题目为轻型货车减振器设计,考虑轻型货车的用途主要是用来运输货物,所以本设计的减振器首先考虑需要满足载重量的需要,在满足货车载重量的前提下设计,本次设计采用的方案为双作用式液力减振器｡这种减振器作用原理是当车架与车桥做往复相对运动时,减振器中的活塞在钢桶内也做往复运动,则减振器壳体内的油液便反复地从一个内腔通过一些狭小的孔隙流入另一内腔｡此时,孔壁与油液间的摩擦及液体分子内摩擦便形成对振动的阻尼力,使车身和车架的振动能量转化为热能,而被油液和减振器壳体所吸收,然后散到大气中｡减振器的阻尼力越大,振动消除得越快,但却使并联的弹性元件的作用不能充分发挥,同时,过大的阻尼力还可能导致减振器连接零件及车架损坏｡本次设计综合分析整体工作状况,设计合理减振器结构及尺寸,最终绘制装配图及零件图｡

关键词:货车;悬架;减振器;设计;匹配｡

Abstract

Shock absorber spring is mainly used to suppress vibration at the time of oscillation after the rebound from the impact of the road. After uneven pavement, while a spring vibration absorber can filter road vibration, but the spring itself will have reciprocating motion, which is used to control this kind of shock absorber spring jumping. Shock absorber is too soft, the body will be jumping up and down, too hard Shock Absorber will give rise to any serious resistance to impede the normal work of the spring.

The design of shock absorber for light goods vehicles subject design, consider the use of light goods vehicles are mainly used to transport goods, so the design of the shock absorber of the first consider the need to meet the needs of load, truck load to meet under the premise of the design, The design options for dual-action hydraulic shock absorber. The principle role of this shock absorber is done when the frame and axle back and forth relative movement, the shock absorber piston in steel drums has done in the reciprocating motion, then the oil shock absorber shell will be repeated from one in cavity through a narrow pore lumen inflow. At this point, the hole wall and the friction between oil and the liquid molecules will form a friction damping force of vibration to the body and frame of the vibration energy into thermal energy, oil and shock absorber to be absorbed by the shell, and then scattered into the atmosphere. The greater the shock absorber damping force, vibration to eliminate the faster, but so that the elastic element in parallel can not give full play to the role, at the same time, too much damping force shock absorber can also lead to damage to connected parts and the frame. The design of a comprehensive analysis of the overall working conditions, design and reasonable structure and size of shock absorber, the final assembly drawing and components drawing Fig.

Key words: Goods; suspension; shock absorber; design; match.

目录

第1章绪论 (1)

1.1减振器的简介 (1)

1.2减振器的主要结构型式及工作原理 (2)

1.2.1双作用式减振器 (2)

1.2.2单作用式减振器 (4)

1.3减振器研究动态及发展趋势 (5)

1.3.1充气式减振器 (5)

1.3.2阻力可调式减振器 (7)

1.3.3电液减振器 (8)

1.3.4电控减振器 (8)

第二章减振器设计理论及结构设计 (9)

2.1振器外特性设计理论依据 (9)

2.1.1车身振动模型 (9)

2.1.2固有频率､阻尼系数及阻尼比 (11)

2.2减振器受力分析 (13)

2.3主要尺寸的选择 (14)

2.3.1活塞杆直径的确定 (14)

2.3.2工作缸直径的确定 (16)

2.3.3贮油缸直径的确定 (17)

2.4减振器结构设计 (19)

2.4.1活塞阀系设计 (19)

2.4.2底阀系设计 (22)

第三章主要零件加工工艺过程 (24)

3.1活塞杆加工工艺过程 (24)

3.2活塞加工工艺过程 (25)