完整word版,Mark Twain-第九课课文翻译
Unit 9 Mark Twain---Mirror of America
Unit 9 Mark Twain---Mirror of America词汇(Vocabulary)idyllic ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的obsess (v．) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc．(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者starry—eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc．过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的acid—tongued ( adj.) :sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的cynic ( n.) :a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人navigable ( n.) :wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的attest ( n.) :serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明artery ( n.) :a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc．(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船molasses ( n.) :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during／he refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc．糖蜜，糖浆cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙feud ( n.) :a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和lynch (v．) :[Am．]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死phonographic ( adj.) :[Am．]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的teem ( v．) :be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现flotsam ( n.) :transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人hustler ( n.) :[Am．slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc．恶棍；暴徒；强盗motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的succumb ( v．) :①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死epidemic ( n.) :the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc．(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行flirt ( v．) :trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with 连用)colossal ( adj.) :1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的rebuff ( v．) :check or repulse挫败；阻止broke (adj.) :[colloq．]having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的hone (v．) :sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨scathing ( adj. ) : searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的sluggish ( adj. ) :slow or slow moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的sloth ( n.) :a lazy person懒汉astound ( v．) :bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊tedious ( adj.) :long or verbose and vearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的travelogue ( n.) :a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行见闻讲座Sultan ( n.) :a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号)debunk ( v．) :[Am．colloq．]expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc．[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿revere ( v．) :regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏ingenuity ( n.) :the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙juvenile ( adj.) :young and youthful年轻的；青年的pariah ( n.) :any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者puritanical ( adj.) :extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的panorama ( n.) :an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图deplore ( v．) :be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾sap ( v．) :undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭clamor ( n.) :a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹robust ( adj. ) :strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的haunt ( v．) :appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住pneumonia ( n.) :inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria or viruses肺炎．meningitis ( n.) :inflammation of the meninges．esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses 脑脊膜炎epileptic ( n.) :a person who has epilepsy癫痫患者pad ( v．) :stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；衬填crater ( n.) :a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)crumble ( v．) :fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭lament ( v.) :feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心短语(Expressions)every bit: (infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地例：He is every bit as mean as she is．他与她同样平庸。
Mark Twain-第九课课文翻译
Mark Twain ---Mirror of AmericaNoel GroveMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. Indeed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
MarkTwain-MirrorofAmerica全文翻译
Most Americ ans rememb er Mark Twainas the father of Huck Finn's idylli c cruise throug h eterna l boyhoo d and Tom Sawyer's endles s summer of freedo m and advent ure. In-deed, this nation's best-lovedauthor was everybit as ad-ventur ous, patrio tic, romant ic, and humoro us as anyone has ever imagin ed. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Lesson 9
Famous quotations by Mark Twain
Late come of true facts, be like suddenly horseshoe, ah of shooting the head, pain!
迟来的真相，就像突然击中头部的马蹄铁，哎，痛啊！
Have no emotion to kiss, be like to die pork in person.
Structural analysis
Part 1: (Para. 1) Introduction Part 2: (Para. 2-19) Section 1. (Para. 2-3) the setting, background knowledge Section 2. (Para. 4-6) early years of life on the Mississippi and as a Confederate guerrilla Section 3. (Para. 7-13) On his way to success Section 4. (Para. 14-19) Comments on his best works. Part 3: (Para. 20-22) Personal tragedy and conclusion.
In 1864 Twain went to San Francisco to work as a reporter. He traveled in France and Italy and his experiences were recorded in 1869 in THE INNOCENTS ABROAD, which brought him wide popularity, and made fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon. Together they relocated to Hartford a year later. Meanwhile, Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, including Tom Sawyer, the Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, and Huckleberry Finn. In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the downhill of his own publishing firm. The death of his wife and his second daughter brought a sense of gloom in the author's later years, which is seen in writings and his autobiography. Twain died on April 21, 1910.
外研社《英语初级听力》第9课课文翻译
Lesson NineSection One:Tapescript.Dialogue 1:-我准备去擦黑板- I‟m going to clean the blackboard.-但你不能这么做-But you can‟t do that.-为什么我不能？-Why can‟t I-我们没有黑板擦-We haven‟t got a duster.Dialogue 2：-我准备去喝一些这种牛奶-I‟m going to drink some of this milk. -但是你不能这么做-But you mustn‟t.-为什么我不能呢-Why not?-因为牛奶已经酸了-Because it‟s sour.Dialogue 3:-打扰一下，女士，-Excuse me, Madam.您丢了您的手套吗？Did you drop your glove?-请再说一遍。
-I beg your pardon?-我说，您丢了您的手套吗？-I said “Did you drop your glove”.-噢，是的，我丢了手套。
-Oh, yes, I did.非常感谢你Thank you so much.-别客气。
这是我的荣幸。
-Not at all. It‟s a pleasure. Dialogue 4：-你是一个百万富翁吗，彼得？-Are you a millionaire, Peter?-我当然不是。
-Of course, I‟m not.为什么你会这样问，罗伯特？-Why do you ask, Roberto?-我只是想联练习一下我的英语。
-I only wanted to practice my English. -噢，我知道了。
-Oh, I see.你想利用我。
You want to make use of me. Dialogue 5:-你去哪了？-Where have you been?-去了电影院。
商务英语阅读课文翻译第9 课
第9 课主课文译文第九章寻找硅谷以外的投资机遇虽然他们的经历好坏参半，美国的风险投资人依然视欧洲为一个前景看好的市场。
他们面临的挑战是如何把其硅谷式投资融入欧洲当地文化。
在过去的三、四年里，愈来愈多的美国风险投资公司和私募股权投资公司在欧洲设立办事处，并筹集了数十亿美元的风险资金。
随着美国国内市场的饱和和充分开发，他们期望开拓新的市场。
对电信及生物技术的领先研究、对私募股权不断有利的环境，以及诸如法兰克福证交所新市场和伦敦证交所技术板市场的成功，所有这些都使得美国人对欧洲市场刮目相看。
在过去五年里，欧洲的商业及企业环境也发生了可观的变化：私募股权投资公司已经成为新的投资来源，它的出现提高了就业率，同时也创造了新的价值。
尤其在过去二十年中，欧洲工商界越来越认识到私募股权投资公司在美国企业改造中所发挥的作用，并对其大加赞赏。
“欧洲提供了一个既引人注目、又具挑战性的在硅谷外建立全球性公司的机遇，”伦敦的基准资本公司（Benchmark Capital）普通合伙人埃利克·阿尔尚布说，“今天，人们对风险的敌意正在消减，而更倾向放手让大公司开发自己的业务。
” 持相同看法的还有万沃克斯（Vennworks）驻欧洲的总经理提姆·达费。
他认为，欧洲的大学和研究中心提供了引人注目的机遇。
特别是，若干政府的研究机构目前面临预算拮据，渴望把他们的部分研究项目进行商业化运作。
考虑到欧洲在政治、体制和区域上的客观差异，以及其经济发展程度的不同，投资者不应仅仅要关注行业，也应考虑区域机遇。
克雷申多（Crescendo）驻欧洲部总裁罗兰德·布思道贝尔认为，从技术研发角度看，英、德、法和瑞典都是有前景的可投资国。
持相同看法的还有其他美国风险投资商，如附属于多伦多道明银行的资本通讯合伙公司（TD Capital Communications Partners）的联合总经理约瑟·布雷纳。
布雷纳还纳入了西班牙，认为西班牙具有竞争性的电信业，而且其金融工具比意大利等它国发展得更成熟。
新概念英语第四册课文翻译：Lesson9
新概念英语第四册课文翻译：Lesson9【课文】Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham： thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack： theDanes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and theirsecurity precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There theycollected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle： and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties： hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfredbegan a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!BERNARD NEWMAN Spies in Britain【New words and expressions 生词和短语】espionage n. 间谍活动Alfred 公元871-899 年间任英国国王Danish adj. 丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的minstrel n. 中世纪的吟游歌手wandering adj. 漫游的harp n. 坚琴ballad n. 民歌acrobatic adj. 杂技的conjuring n. 魔术Athelney n. 阿塞尔纳(英国一个小岛)Chippenham n. 切本哈姆(英国一个城市)thither adv. 向那里Dane n. 丹麦人slack adj. 涣散的conqueror n. 征服者casual adj. 马虎的，随便的precaution n. 预防，警惕proceeds n. 所得assemble v. 集合trivial adj. 微不足道的prolonged adj. 持久的commissariat n. 军粮供应harry v. 骚扰assail v. 袭击skirmish n. 小规模战斗episode n. 一个事件，片断epic n. 史诗。
高级英语第一册第九课翻译
第九课马克吐温——美国的一面镜子(节选)诺埃尔格罗夫在大多数美国人的心目中，马克吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克吐温原名塞缪尔朗赫恩克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。
他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。
在马克吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。
龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。
在19世纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。
1857年，少年马克吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。
他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。
所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。
高级英语课文翻译—— 马克吐温
2009-05-03 21:00 高级英语Lesson 9. Mark Twain ---Mirror of AmericaNoel GroveMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author wasevery bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.The geographic core, in Twain's early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the youngnation's heart. Keelboats ， flatboats , and large rafts carried thefirst major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 1850's, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States.Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos . He participated abundantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds , piracies, lynchings ,medicine shows, and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographicSteamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. His four and a half year s in the steamboat trade marked the real beginning of his education, and the most lasting part of it. In later life Twain acknowledged that the river had acquainted him with every possible typeof human nature. Those acquaintanceships strengthened all his writing, but he never wrote better than when he wrote of the people a-long the great stream.When railroads began drying up the demand for steam-boat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce, Mark Twain left the river country. Hetried soldiering for two weeks with a motleyband of Confederateguerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. Twain quitafter deciding, "... I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. "He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe region. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed . Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, to literature's enduring gratitude.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. In the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco,then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had to leave the city for a while because of some scathing columns he wrote. Attacks on the city government, concerning such issues as mistreatment of Chinese, so angered officials that he fled to the goldfields in the Sacramento Valley. His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there ring familiarly in modern world accustomed to trend setting on the West Coast. "It was a splendid population – forall the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained slothsstayed at home... It wasthat population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences, which she bears unto thisday – and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says 'Well, that is California all over. '"In the dreary winter of 1864-65 in Angels Camp, he kept a notebook. Scattered among notationsabout the weather and the tedious mining-camp meals lies an entry noting a story he had heard that day – an entrythat would determine his course forever: "Coleman with his jumping frog – bet stranger $50 – stranger had no frog, and C. got him one – inthe meantime stranger filled C. 's frog full of shot and he couldn't jump. The stranger's frog won." Retold with his descriptive genius, thestory was printed in newspapers across the United States and became known as "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." Mark Twain's national reputation was now well established as "the wild humorist ofthe Pacific slope."Two year s later the opportunity came for him to take a distinctly American look at the Old World. In New York City the steamship Quaker City prepared to sail on a pleasure cruise to Europe and the Holy Land. For the first time, a sizablegroup of United States citizens planned to journey as tourists -- a milestone , of sorts, in a country's development. Twain was assigned to accompany them, as correspondent 工for a California newspaper. If readers expected the usual glowing travelogue , they were sorely surprised.Unimpressed by the Sultan of Turkey, for example, he reported, “... one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night.” Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbalshots at the Holy Land. Back home, more newspapers began printing his articles. America laughed with him. Upon his return to the Statesthe book version of his travels, The Innocents Abroad, became an instant best-seller.At the age of 36 Twain settled in Hartford, Connecticut. His best books were published while he lived there.As early as 1870 Twain had experimented with a story about the boyhood adventures of a lad he named Billy Rogers. Two years later, he changed the name to Tom, and began shaping his adventures into a stage play. Not until 1874 did the story begin developing in ear nest. After publication in 1876, Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale of American boyhood. Tom's mischievousdaring, ingenuity , and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools to-day as is the Declaration of Independence.Mark Twain's own declaration of independence came from another character. Six chapters into Tom Sawyer, he drags in "the juvenilepariah of the village, Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard." Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas, Huck protests to his friend, Tom Sawyer: "I've tried it, and it don't work;it don't work, Tom. It ain't for me ... The widder eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell – everything's so awfulreg'lar a body can't stand it."Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation, Huck was given a life of his own, in a book often consider ed the best ever written about Americans. His raft flight down the Mississippi with a runaway slave presents a moving panorama for exploration of American society.On the river, and especially with Huck Finn, Twain found theultimate expression of escape from the pace he lived by and often deplored, from life's regularities and the energy-sapping clamorfor success.Mark Twain suggested that an ingredient was missing in the American ambition when he said: "What a robustpeople, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges."Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12; his brother Henry, killed by a steamboat explosion; the death of his son, Langdon, at 19 months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis , Mrs. Clemens succumbed to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter., Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub .Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well padded with humor. Now the gloves came off with biting satire. He pretended to praise the U. S. military for the massacre of 600 Philippine Moros in the bowl of a volcanic, crater . In The Mysterious Stranger, he insisted that man drop his religious illusions and depend upon himself, not Providence, to make a better world.The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end. Dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men's final release from earthly struggles: "... they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed – a world which will lament them a day and for-get them forever.”第九课马克&S226;吐温——美国的一面镜子 (节选)诺埃尔&S226;格罗夫在大多数美国人的心目中，马克&S226;吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克&S226;费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆&S226;索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
(完整版)Unit-9-What-is-happiness课文翻译
Unit 9 What Is Happiness?The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so w hen he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。
正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。
乔纳森•斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。
因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。
It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。
精读第九课翻译
第九课最危险的猎物1.“将军，”瑞斯福德语气坚定地说，“我希望马上离开这个岛。
”2.将军扬起眉毛，仿佛自尊心受到了伤害。
3.“我希望今天就走，”瑞斯福德说道。
他看到将军那双冰冷、毫无表情的黑眼睛在盯着他，审视着。
突然，扎洛夫将军露出笑容，为瑞斯福徳的杯子斟上了酒。
4.“今晚，”将军说，“我们去打猎棗你和我。
”5.“不，将军，”瑞斯福德说，“我不去打猎。
”6.将军耸了耸肩。
“悉听尊便，我的朋友。
如何选择完全取决于你。
不过我能否冒昧地提醒你注意，你难道没有发现我对体育运动的看法要比伊凡的更有趣吗？”7.将军朝站在角落里的那个巨人点了点头，巨人两只粗壮的胳膊交叉着放在他那像啤酒桶般的胸前。
8.“你不是棗”瑞斯福德大叫起来。
9.“亲爱的朋友，”将军说，“我不是告诉过你，我从不拿打猎的事开玩笑吗？”10.将军举起了酒杯，可瑞斯福德仍然坐在那，紧盯着他。
11.“你会发现这场游戏值得一玩。
”将军热情洋溢地说，“较量你我的智慧，较量森林生活的技巧，较量体力与耐力。
这不过是场室外象棋比赛！下这样大的赌注可谓昂贵，嗯？”12.如果我赢了棗瑞斯福德声音沙哑地开口道。
13.“如果我到第三天午夜还找不到你的话，我会欣然认输。
”将军说，“我会用小船把你送到陆地上靠近小镇子的地方。
”他了一口葡萄酒，然后一本正经的继续说道：“伊凡会向你提供猎装、食物，还有一把刀子。
我建议你穿上路皮鞋，这样鞋印就不容易被发现了。
我还建议你要避开岛东南角的那片大沼泽地，我们叫它死亡沼泽，那里有流沙。
一个白痴曾试过。
令人遗憾的是拉撒路斯撵上了他。
他可是我最优秀的猎犬。
好啦，请原谅，我得告辞啦。
我吃完午饭后总要睡上一小觉。
恐怕你几乎没有时间睡了。
毫无疑问，您想动身了吧。
黄昏之前我不会追你。
夜里打猎要比白天打猎更刺激，你不这样认为吗？瑞斯福德先生，再见。
”14.扎洛夫将军深深地优雅地鞠了个躬，信步走出了房间。
15.瑞斯福德在灌木丛中艰难地前行了两个小时。
基英翻译unit9
基英翻译unit9我明天得去看牙科大夫，我的一颗门牙松了。
你翻译的太随意了，应该更加忠实原文。
时尚总是变来变去，几年前大家穿紧身牛仔裤，但是现在宽松的衬衫和裤子再度流行。
很多村民其实并不喜欢那些恐怖分子，但不得不同意窝藏，因为他们知道，不那么做就会遭受严厉惩罚。
内战结束后，很多黑人仍遭受严重的种族歧视。
他们仍不能指望政府给他们帮助。
传统上，妇女们都被禁锢在家里，被剥夺了就业的机会。
但是在战争时期，很多妇女必须进工厂代替男人工作，这就开始唤醒了她们的社会觉悟。
人是能在正确和错误之间做出道德区分的唯一动物。
只有人才会梦想如何把玩的世界变成人间天堂。
很多城镇都失去了传统美，但平遥在这点上是个例外，具有讽刺意味的是，它之所以能保持美是因为多年来它穷得没钱改造。
她是当代中国最重要的作家之一，发表过不少不同凡响的作品。
但相对她在国外仍鲜为人知，在一定程度上，是因为我们仍缺少能把她的作品翻译成漂亮外语的人才。
allegiance colonel indecencyanaconda concubine jackass appease conjecture microscopic Arkansas degenerate miserly atrocious exterminate multilation avaricious gory oblige bloodshed gouge obscenity brood harem postulate brute humilating rabid captive incurably reptile salvation soiled trait scruple sordid turban sketch tame vulgaritywantonly for it obligesme to Ascent/Descent ofsubject toset sb apart from sthno disposition cover manymonths ofpainstakingand fatiguingworkbrood over sthtake revengeon sbbe alive toindecency vulgarity obscenitygouge sth out of sth as sketched abovego forth incold bloodTRANSLATIONI was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor savings in order to partially appease that appetite.In the courese of my experiments I convimced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waitd till a chance offers, then takes revenge.Man keep harems, but it is by brute force, privileged by atrocious laws which the one sex were allowed no hand in making.Man, in his descent from the cat, has brought the cat's looseness with him but has left the unconsciousness behind-the saving grace which excuses the cat.There is not an acre of ground on the globe that is inpossession of its rightful owner, or has not been taken away from owner after owner, cycle after cycle, by force and bloodshed.He is the only animal that loves his neighbor as himself,and cuts his throat if his theology isn't straight. He has made a graveyard of the globe in trying his honest best to smooth his brother's path to happiness and heaven.I think it's open to dispute.Man is the only slave.And he is the only animal who enslaves. He has always been a slave in one form or another, and has always held other slaves in bondage under him in one way or another. In our day he is always some man's slave for wages, and does that man's work. and this slave has other slaves under him for minor wages, and they do his work. The higher animals are the only ones who exclusively do their own work and provide their own living.He sets himself apart in his own country, under his own flag, and sneers at the other nation , keeps multitudinous uniformed assassins on hand at heavy expense to grab slices of other people's countries, and keeps them from grabbing slices of his and in the intervals between campaigns he washes the blood off his hands and.works for the universal brotherhood of man with his mouth.So I find that we have descened and degenerated ,from some far ancestor-some microscropics atom wandering at its pleasure between the mighty horizons of a drop of water perhaps insects by insects ,animal by animal,reptile by reptile, down the long highway of perfect innocence, till we have reached the bottom stage of development -namble as the Human Being.宣布放弃忠于某人__________________使某物接受试验__________________牵涉到好几个月的工作＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿扔在那里任其腐烂＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿满足其胃口＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿从某人那里骗走某物＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿将侮辱牢记在心＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿对所受伤害耿耿于怀＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿报仇＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿家里妻妾成群＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿有做某事的时机和场合＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿把它当一顿美餐吃了＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿蓄某人为奴＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿铺平道路＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the rightful owner＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the universal brotherhood of man＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿loose morals ＿＿＿＿＿＿a soiled mind ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿bute force ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿a saving grace ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿rabid hunger＿＿＿＿＿＿＿a religious zealot＿＿＿＿＿zoological garden＿＿＿＿＿＿the scientific method＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿vast stores of food ＿＿＿＿＿＿odds and ends＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿war atrocities＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿questionable taste ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿trait and dispositions＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿painstaking work＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿介词Of course the market is still subject＿＿＿＿＿government relations,but ＿＿＿＿what degree the market should be regulated is open＿＿＿＿dispute.When she entered the room she found her husband brooding＿＿＿＿＿his loss in the stock market.Hesaid that the fraud had cheated him ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿all his savings. This article would be a way to put her ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿misery painlessly when she was confined ＿＿＿＿bed, incapable＿＿＿＿taking care of herself, and had no chance＿＿＿＿＿＿recovery.She wanted to leave the world＿＿＿＿dignity.This airport was built ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿a hurry and ＿＿＿＿huge expense, so some representatives of the National People's Congress decided to enquire＿＿＿＿＿this project. Since you are ＿＿＿＿it again.This man is loose ＿＿＿＿＿his morals.You should'nt set yourself＿＿＿＿from the rest of the class. Take an active part＿＿class activity. Do not stay ＿＿＿＿from classmate.A sadist is a person who takes pleasure ＿＿＿torturing people such as driving splinters ＿＿＿＿＿nails,gouging ＿＿＿＿＿eyes,and tearing＿＿＿＿＿skins.The meeting was canceled ＿＿＿＿our mutual consent.He shouldn't put the blame＿＿＿＿our company.It was shortly after the revolution and people were still fully alive ＿＿＿＿＿the danger of tyranny. It would not be able to rule ＿＿＿＿＿force even if it jad the temptation to do it.While in the countryside, the economist studied our traditional agricultural and ＿＿＿＿＿over the possible ways to ＿＿＿＿it.For years she＿＿＿＿＿a secret admiration for her next door neighborhood.Experience has proved that you can not ＿＿＿＿everybody.Your plan will not＿＿＿to young . If we are not careful we ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿our beautiful .The church forced him to ＿＿＿＿＿his allegiance.Mark Twain was born＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in Florida,＿＿＿＿＿＿but lived as a child in ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,on the ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿river.His popular image is＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿His experience＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿This passage is taken from ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿King Johnwas the son of＿＿＿＿＿＿.King Richard was also known as＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿The Great plains is in the ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿of theUS,between ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿inhabited first by nomadic Indians known as ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Earl is above＿＿＿＿＿＿,＿＿＿＿＿,＿＿＿＿＿＿,＿＿＿＿＿＿.Mohammed was the founder of ＿＿＿＿＿＿.When he was ＿＿＿,he began his mission to preach the unity of God.He took roof in＿＿＿＿.The Inquisition,a symbol of＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.Mary I ,know as＿＿＿＿＿,was Queen of England and Ireland, the daughter of＿＿＿＿＿＿＿and half sister to＿＿＿＿＿＿, marrying ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
高级英语第九课
Para 14-15
• ◆ How did Tom Sawyer •
come into being? As early as 1870, he wrote a story about a boy he named Billy Rogers. Soon he changed the name to Tom and tried to make it into a stage play. Then he stopped. It was not until 1874 that he began to develop the story seriously and wholeheartedly. It was published in 1876.
• ③ ingenuity • n. • 1. the power of creative imagination • 2. the property of being ingenious • Eg. It's not cash that's needed, so much
as ingenuity and willingness. • 因为与钱相比，我们更需要的，是人们的 巧思和意愿。
Para17-18
• • • •
Panorama n. 1. the visual percept of a region 2. a picture (or series of pictures) representing a continuous scene Deplore v. 1. express strong disapproval of We deplore the government's treatment of political prisoners 2. regret strongly I deplore this hostile action
第九课翻译
拉弗和摩尔︰总统的 50 州税课[1]奥巴马要求美国人赌博，美国经济可以进入繁荣征税。
这是他的竞选活动，为巴菲特规则，提出了对百万富翁到最低 30%的所得税率，并为布什的减税政策到期的信息。
他想要提高最高所得税率 20%，两倍的资本收益率、添加所有的资本收益，新 3.8%的税和股息税税率三倍。
[2]白宫经济报告坚持认为这一切将提高"经济效率"。
对于那些不同意，说︰主席奥巴马，他们只热身"涓滴经济学的相同版本试过最后一个世纪的大部分时间。
......但繁荣肯定没滴了下来。
[3]在 20 世纪 20 年代、 20 世纪 60 年代、 20 世纪 80 年代甚至九十年代时，当政府支出和税收下降，就业和收入增长迅速，先生奥巴马需要进修课程。
[4]但如果总统想要看到更新鲜证据的税是怎幺回事，他可以找来 50 个州发生了什幺。
在我们新报告"富国家，贫穷国家，"为美国立法交换委员会编写，我们比较没有所得税率高的国家与国家的经济表现。
它的像比较香港与希腊或国王与跳蚤。
[5]过去每 40 年，没有收入税的国家有输出较快增长（在十年的基础上衡量）在国家中最高的收入税。
1980 年，例如，有 10 个零所得税国家。
十年领先达 1980年，这些国家增长快的 10 个国家的最高税率比32.3 个百分点。
就业增长是在零税美国也高得多。
九最高所得税率的州都没有净就业增长，和七那些九设法失去工作。
[6]然后还有迁入的问题从一个国家到另一个国家——或人们是如何用脚投票。
作为常识表明，人们试图从反增长国家和城市走向更多欢迎气候。
当然也有非税收政策的有关因素（如北达科塔州今天，那里石油繁荣带来了失业率最低的国家），但是最受欢迎的目的地国家一般没有收入税。
这是最近它 40 年前一样。
[7]在过去十年里，没有所得税的国家看到了 58%高人口增长比全国平均水平和增加一倍以上的增长所得税率最高的国家。
Mark_Twain lesson 9
The Prince and the Pauper (1882) 《王 子与贫民》 Life on the Mississippi (1883) 《密西西 比河上的生活》 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》 The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson (1894) 《傻瓜威尔逊》
He also indulged in financial speculation (投机). He invested in type-setting and publishing companies but failed in 1894 and he had to give lectures to pay off his debts. He had three daughters: Susy, Clara, Jean. Susy died in 1894 and Jean died in 1909 and Olivia died in 1904. It shows that his last years were saddened by personal bereavement(丧亲).
Early life as a apprentice to a printer at age 12 due to his father’s death. Relatively little schooling, leaving school at age 13 began to support the family and earn a living himself
His Death
1835年，马克·吐温诞生那一年，哈雷慧
星划过长空，该星于1910年返回。马 克·吐温预言他将随这颗慧星而去。1910 年4月19日，哈雷慧星闪现在天际，4天之 后，马克·吐温果真随之离开了人间。
第九课课文翻译
他自己的最后一个幻想到后来似乎也破灭了。在晚年口述自传的时候，他以极端绝望的心情谈到人从尘世的苦难中的最终解脱：“……他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界赠给他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。”
举例来说，他对于那没有给他留下什么好印象的土耳其君主苏丹是这样报道的，“人们可以任意选择一个地方设一个陷阱，一夜之间准可捕捉到十几个更有能耐的人。”他信口开河地对一些受人景仰的艺术家和艺术珍品加以鄙薄，甚至对宗教圣地也敢于以亵渎性的言辞加以侮蔑。回国以后，越来越多的报纸开始刊登他的文章，整个美国都同他一齐欢笑。他一回到美国，他的旅行杂记《傻子出国旅行记》立即成为畅销)
诺埃尔?格罗夫
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在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
这位曾令全世界欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世的辛酸。他早期作品中的道德说教厚厚地包着一层幽默的外衣，现在幽默换成了辛辣的讽刺。对于美国军队在一个火山口上屠杀六百名菲律宾摩洛人的行为，他没有直接进行抨击，而是假装为之高唱赞歌。在《神秘的陌生人》中，他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。
Lesson 9
That’s …all over That’s someone all over!这就是某人的表 现 10. 彼得的特点正是如此。 That’s Peter’s personalities all over. Not until 直到…… 11. 直到半夜医生才做完手术。 It was not until midnight that the surgeon finished the operation.
To shape…into Shape v. ①to make sth. Into a particular shape 是成为 是成为……形状（样子）；塑造 形状（ ）；塑造 形状 样子）； Shape A into B ②to have an important influence on the way that sb. / sth. develops 决定 决定…… 形成；影 形成； 响……的发展 的发展 Shape up 进展（顺利）；改善 行为工作等 进展（顺利）；改善(行为工作等 ）；改善 行为工作等) 13. 老作家根据这个民间故事写成了一个电影剧 本。 The old writer shaped the folktale into a film scenario.
Every bit as… as 一点也 不…… 3.汤姆的聪明丝毫不亚于班上第 一名的学生。 In class Tom was every bit as wise as top boy.
to acquaint with① 告诉，告知，通知；使 告诉，告知，通知； 知道，使认识， 知道，使认识，使了解 ② to acquaint oneself with the facts使自 使自 己了解实情 使熟悉；使相识， 结识， 使熟悉；使相识，与…结识，介绍： 结识 介绍： Are you acquainted with my brother?你 你 跟我兄弟熟吗? 跟我兄弟熟吗? n. Acquaintance 泛泛之交；熟人 泛泛之交； 4.我认识他，但我们说不上是朋友。 我认识他， 我认识他 但我们说不上是朋友。 I got acquainted with him, but were not friends. 12.历史课使我对古代文明有所了解。 历史课使我对古代文明有所了解。 历史课使我对古代文明有所了解 The course of history acquainted with ancient civilization.
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Mark Twain ---Mirror of AmericaNoel GroveMost Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. Indeed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well –one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. 在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world. 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为两口寻(12英尺)——意即可以通航的信号语。
他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。
The geographic core, in Twain's early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart. Keelboats ，flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 1850's, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast basin drainedthree-quarters of the settled United States. 在马克•吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是这个年轻国家中部的交通大动脉。
龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。
在19世纪50年代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土的四分之三。
Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos . He participated abundantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds , piracies, lynchings ,medicine shows, and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic. 1857年，少年马克•吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个新的工作岗位上，他接触到的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干世界。
他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。
所有这一切，连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在他的作品中得以再现。
Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. His four and a half year s in the steamboattrade marked the real beginning of his education, and the most lasting part of it. In later life Twain acknowledged that the river had acquainted him with every possible type of human nature. Those acquaintanceships strengthened all his writing, but he never wrote better than when he wrote of the people a-long the great stream. 蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。
从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克•吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。
他在蒸汽船上工作的四年半时间是他真正接受教育的开端，而且也是最具有深远意义的教育。
到了晚年，马克•吐温还声言是密西西比河使他了解了各种各样的人的本性。
这种生活体验对他的全部创作都起了促进作用，然而他描写得最为成功的还是那些密西西比河上的人物。
When railroads began drying up the demand for steam-boat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce, Mark Twain left the river country. He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. Twain quit after deciding, "... I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. "随着铁路运输的发展，社会上对汽船领航员的需求日渐减少，而内战的爆发又阻碍了商业贸易的发展。
这时，马克•吐温便离开了密西西比河流域。
他在南方邦联游击队的一支杂牌队伍里当了两个星期的兵。
那支队伍想方设法避免与敌军交战。
在确信“我比发明撤退的人更精通撤退”之后，马克•吐温离开了那支队伍。
He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe region. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed . Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, to literature's enduring gratitude. 他乘驿站马车来到西部，在内华达州的华苏地区受到当时正流行的淘金热的诱惑。