Grammar and vocabulary语法
Part 3 Vocabulary and Grammar(词汇
Part 3 Vocabulary and Grammar(词汇和语法)1. Vocabulary (词汇)1. Persistent (adj.): continuing to exist or operate over a long period of time; refusing to give up or change one's mind2. Disrupt (v.): to interrupt the normal course or functioning of something3. Extracurricular (adj.): not part of the regular academic curriculum; outside of one's normal duties or activities4. Impose (v.): to force something or someone to be accepted or put into operation5. Perceive (v.): to become aware or conscious of something through the senses or intuition6. Compliance (n.): the act of following or adhering to rules, regulations or laws7. Adept (adj.): skilled or proficient in a particular activity or field8. Initiate (v.): to cause something to begin or commence9. Necessitate (v.): to make something necessary or require it as a condition10. Conducive (adj.): suitable or favorable for a particular purpose or outcome2. Grammar (语法)1. Verb tense: In English, there are several verb tenses that are used to describe actions or states of being that occurred in the past, present, or future. Examples of verb tenses include present simple, past simple, present continuous, past continuous, future simple, and present perfect. It is important to use the correct verb tense when speaking or writing in order to convey the intended meaning accurately.2. Sentence structure: The structure of a sentence refers to the way in which words are arranged to form a grammatical and coherent expression. A sentence typically contains a subject, verb, and object, although the order and placement of these elements can vary depending on the type of sentence. Sentences can be simple, compound, or complex, and the use of punctuation marks such as commas, semicolons, and colons can help to clarify the meaning ofa sentence.3. Parts of speech: The English language has several different parts of speech, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each of these parts of speech serves a different grammatical function in a sentence, and the correct use of these parts of speech is essential for clear and effective communication.4. Subject-verb agreement: In English, the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number and person. For example, a singular subject requires a singular verb, while a plural subject requires a plural verb. Failure to follow this rule can result in confusing and unclear sentences.。
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷111(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（语法与词汇）模拟试卷111(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.B．John, as much as his brothers, was responsible for the loss.C．Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else was awarded the prize.D．Enough of the data has been collected.正确答案：D解析：主谓一致。
A项中，当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时，可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采用单数形式；B项中，当主语后跟有as well as，as much as，rather than，more than，no less than等引导的介词短语时，其谓语动词形式依主语的单复数而定；C项中，由or, either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…连接的并列主语的主谓一致，按就近原则处理。
D项中，当名词词组中心词是all，most，half或者the rest，the remainder等，其主谓一致关系一般遵循意义一致的原则：如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。
大学英语六级(语法与词汇)练习试卷120(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语六级（语法与词汇）练习试卷120(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：7. V ocabulary and GrammarV ocabulary and GrammarDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1．I didn’t make out what the professor means because his handwriting is so ______.A．eligibleB．illegibleC．knowledgeableD．vague正确答案：B解析：形容词辨义。
这四个选项的词性都是形容词，其中eligible表示“(常与for连用)适合被选的；适任的；合格的”，illegible是指“难辨认的，字迹模糊的”，knowledgeable表示“博学的；有见识的”，vague表示“模糊的，不清楚的；含糊的”。
根据句意，他的书法很难辨认，应该选择B)。
知识模块：语法与词汇2．Such transformation of nouns into verbs became______ in recent year, but it is out of grammer use.A．epidemicB．enthusiasticC．equivalentD．essential正确答案：A解析：题意是：名词变动词的这种转换近年来变得______。
但它不符合语法规则。
[A] epidemic“流行的，流传极广的”，符合题意。
[B] enthusiastic“热心的，极感兴趣的”，[C] equivalent“相等的，等价的”，[D] essential“必不可少的”都不符合题意。
英语语法层次
$语法层次语言（Language）是社会交际的工具，是音义结合的词汇和语法的体系。
语法（Grammar）是语言的组织规律，它赋予语言以结构系统，而词汇（Vocabulary）则是语言的建筑材料，它通过语法而赋予语言以意义内容。
作为社会交际工具的语言首先是有声语言，它所传递的信息首先是通过语音系统表达出来的，所以语音是语溢的物质媒介，是语言赖以存在和发展的物质基础。
在语言的结构体系，语音系统和语义系统中，结构系统（即语法）是中心成分，是结合语音系统和语义系统的枢纽，在书写中则是结合文字系统和语义系统的枢纽，可以用公式表示如下：语义——语法——语音系统/文字系统英语的语法结构具有层次性。
它可分为五个不同的层次，即句子（Sentence）、分句（Clause）、词组(Phrase）、词（Word）和词素（Morpheme）.句子是语法的最高层次，由一个或一个以上的分句构成；分句由一个或一个以上的词组构成；词组由一个或一个以上的词构成；词由一个或一个以上的词素构成。
既然句子是语法的最高层次，我们就可以通过切分法（Segmentation）把句子一层一层地切分到它的最小组成部分-——词素。
例如：0.1词素词素（Morpheme）是最小的语法单位，也是最小的语义单位。
词素分为两大类；自由词素（Free Morpheme）和粘附词素（Bound Morpheme）.1)自由词素自由词素指本身具有完整意义并能作为“简单词（Simple Word）.而单独使用的词素，比如boy(男孩)，girl(女孩)，desk(书桌)，chair(椅子)，kind(仁慈的)，cruel(残酷的)，give （给），take(拿)等都属于这一类。
自由词素可以充当词根（Root）加上词缀（Affix）构成派生词(Derivative),例如：kind: kindness, unkind, unkindness, kindlyfriend: friendly , friendship , friendless, unfriendly, unfriendliness自由词素还可以和其他自由词素相结合，构成复合词（Compound Word）.例如：book: bookmark, bookshop, bookstalltake: intake, take-home, take-over, take-off, takeaway, undertake2)粘附词素粘附词素指本身没有完整意义，不能单独使用，而必须粘附在自由词素或其他形式上才能表示出意义的词素。
剑桥movers评分标准
剑桥movers评分标准
剑桥Movers考试是剑桥英语考试的其中一种，适用于7-12岁的学生。
评分标准如下：
1. 语法和词汇（Grammar and Vocabulary）：考察学生对基本语法结构和词汇的掌握程度，包括能否正确使用动词时态、形容词和副词等。
评分标准考虑学生的语法准确性和词汇丰富程度。
2. 听力（Listening）：考察学生听力理解能力，包括听懂和理解日常生活中的简短对话和指令等。
评分标准考虑学生对听力材料的准确理解和回答问题的准确性。
3. 阅读（Reading）：考察学生阅读理解能力，包括理解并回答与短文相关的问题、找出短文中的关键信息等。
评分标准考虑学生对阅读材料的准确理解和回答问题的准确性。
4. 写作（Writing）：考察学生的写作能力，包括写出简短的句子、短文等。
评分标准考虑学生的语法准确性、词汇使用的恰当性和表达的连贯性。
以上是剑桥Movers考试的评分标准，考试总分为100分，60分以上合格。
每个部分的得分按照一定的比例加权计算总分。
评分标准可以根据不同考试年份的要求而有所变化，具体可参考剑桥Movers考试官方提供的指导材料。
大学英语六级(语法与词汇)练习试卷51(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语六级（语法与词汇）练习试卷51(题后含答案及解析)题型有：7. V ocabulary and GrammarV ocabulary and GrammarDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1．When children call a boy “four eyes”because he wears glasses, they are speaking in ______.A．ironyB．mockeryC．sarcasmD．satire正确答案：C解析：近义词辨析。
这四个选项的词性都是名词，都有“讽刺”的意思，其具体区别是：irony表示“反语”，指用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法；mockery表示“嘲讽，嘲笑”，指嘲讽或鄙视可笑之事，比如：made a mockery of the rules(取笑这些规定)；sarcasm表示“讽刺，挖苦”，指意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语；satire表示“讽刺文学，讽刺”，常与文学术语连用。
根据句意，我们选择sarcasm。
知识模块：语法与词汇2．Rural residents were ______ of their ability to find, download and analyze all of the information.A．mysteriousB．cynicalC．skepticalD．tolerant正确答案：C解析：惯用搭配题。
根据常识可以得知，居住在乡下的人知识水平比较低，因此他们对应用新技术的能力应该是感到怀疑，选项[C]skeptical“怀疑的”常与介词of搭配，表示“对…感到怀疑”，符合句子的语义和搭配要求，故为答案。
答案版Grammar&Vocabulary真题分项复习
Grammar & Vocabulary(历年真题)I. 时态和语态1. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. （2009）DA. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been2. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. （2008）DA. would makeB. had madeC. madeD. makes3. All the President’s Men______one of the important books for historians who study theWatergate Scandal. （2007）BA. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining4. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.（2007, 2006）AA. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find5. It’s high time we ____ cutting down the rainforests. （2006）AA stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop6. The statistics _____ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006) DA provesB is provingC are provingD prove7. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better thanI can. (2005) AA. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were8. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday. (2005) BA. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came9. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005) DA. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be10. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong act ionsagainst him. (2005) BA. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take11. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles allthe time. (2004) BA. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treated12. It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.(2004) AA. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in13. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon. (2004)A. are to leaveB. are leavingC. is leavingD. leave C14. Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (2003)A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed A15. For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on armsreduction. (2002) BA. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed16. The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.（2007）BA. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisenII. 虚拟语气和情态动词1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn. （2009）BA. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. (2008) BA. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get3. If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still bealive now. (2007) AA. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving4. He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to supporthis family. (2007) CA. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have5. If only I _____ play the guitar as well as you! (2006) BA wouldB couldC shouldD might6. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealerfor advice. (2005) CA. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had7.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (2004) A (现场提问)A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised8.____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004)A. Only if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. Unless, would A9. _______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (2002) AA. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not10. ― What courses are you going to do next semester?‖ (2002)― I don’t know. But it’s about time _______ on something.‖ BA. I’d decideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I’m deciding11. It is absolutely essential that William ________ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(2007) CA. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues12. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today. (2009) AA. should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thought13. It is imperative that the government ____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. （2006）CA attractsB shall attractC attractD has to14. You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,’ I told my friend. （2007）DA.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can15. She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. （2007）DA. must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been16 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_D_ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have （2006）17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ thejourney in exactly two days. （2005）CA. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could makeIII. 非谓语动词（Non-Finite Verb）、独立结构和主谓一致(Agreement)1. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby? （2009）CA. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking2. Linda was _____te experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.(2007)BA. to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting3. The research requires more money than ________. (2007) BA.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in4. It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and theyoung. (2007) DA.beingB.would beC.beD.to be5. ________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate. (2007) BA.LookingB.lookedC.Being lookedD.to look6. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, _A_ the spoilt ones. (2006)A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted7. What’s the chance of ________ a general election this year? (2005) AA. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be8. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John. (2005) DA. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having9. The Minister of Finance is believed ___ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004) BA. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think10. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far the bigges t cereal crop.A.isB.beenC.beD.being (2003) D11. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____for that. (2003) AA.for us to be preparedB.that we are preparedC.of us to be preparedD.our being prepared12. Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003) BA.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits13. AID is said _________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few yearsin that region. CA. being b. to be C. to have been D. having been14. _______ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. (2002) CA. NoneB. BothC. NeitherD. All15. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon. (2004)A. are to leaveB. are leavingC. is leavingD. leave C16. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anything today.(2003) CA.neither you nor I areB.neither you nor me isC.neither you nor I amD.neither me nor you areIV. 形容词和副词的比较等级1. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one. (2009) BA. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price2. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008) BA. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was3. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A. /B. that ofC. which isD. of (2008) A4. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ________a threat tothe human race than environmental destruction. (2007)BA.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more5. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not_B_ for her work. (2006)A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough6. Land belongs to the city; there is _____ thing as private ownership of land. (2006) DA no such aB not suchC not such aD no such7. It was ______ we had hoped. (2006)A more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as8. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. （2005）BA. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to9. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will haveto install _________ solar heating device in our home. （2005）AA. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of10. D o you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.（2005）BA. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman11. –Why are you staring? B–I’ve never seen ______tree before.A. kind ofB. that kind ofC. such kindD. such12. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lackof talent. （2004） AA. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than13. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to thetruck.（2004）DA. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stress14. Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are ____ conventional concerns in planningmarketing strategies. （2004）CA. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many of15. Your ideas, ____, seem unusual to me. （2003）BA. like herB. like hersC. similar to herD. similar to herself16. She managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help her brother. （2002）DA. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. such little moneyD. what little money五、名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句1. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009) AA. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However2. I was very interested in _____ she told me. (2009) AA. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. that3. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. (2009) CA. strange whyB. it strange whatC. it strange thaD. that strange4. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left. (2009) DA. whenB. asC. untilD. than5. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish _______ proposals in the near future. (2008) DA. theirB. ourC. hisD. its6. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008) DA. whenB. thatC. whichD. what7. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008) CA. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which8. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008) BA. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Though much9. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (2008) AA. whenB. whichC. thatD. where10. Quality is ____ counts most. (2008) CA. whichB. thatC. whatD. where11. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it . (2007) CA. thanB. likeC. asD. so12. It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. (2007) CA. thatB. asC. soD. very13. _____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. (2006) DA AlthoughB whateverC AsD However14. The party, ______ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. (2006)A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which15. I am surprised ______ this city is a dull place to live in. (2006) AA that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking16. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk ______ far.A /B suchC thatD as (2006)C17. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. (2005) AA. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist18. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid. (2005) BA. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but19. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ that hepaid me back the following week. (2005) CA. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if20. Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons. (2005) CA. themB. /C. itD. theirs21. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victimsin the flood-stricken area. (2004) CA. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. wherever22. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.A.whereB.of whoseC.whoseD.which (2003) C23. Who____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon? (2003) BA. you saidB. did you sayC. did you say thatD. you did say24. —Does Alan like hamburgers? (2003) D—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.A. forB. asC. toD. so25. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____is something we had not expected. (2003) AA. whichB. itC. thatD. what26. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty yearsago.(2003) BA.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom27. She did her work _________her manager had instructed. (2002) AA. asB. untilC. whenD. though28. Have you ever been in a situation ______ you know the other person is right yet you cannotagree with him? (2002) DA. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where29. We’ve just installed two air-conditions in out apartment, _______should make greatdifferences in our life next summer. (2002) AA. whichB. whatC. thatD. they30. Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (2002) BA. whoB. asC. thatD. like六、倒装、省略、代词及其它1. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______. (2009) BA. So is it.B. So it is.C. So it does.D. So does it.2. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger. (2009) DA. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care3. Which of the following is INCORRECT? (2008) DA. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing.B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party.4. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, _____? (2008)A. do youB. don't youC. will youD. won't you C5. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT (2008)A. Jim did this.B. Jim did so.C. Jim did that.D. Jim did. A6 There used to be a petrol station near the park, _D_? (2006)A didn’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t it?D didn’t there7. ____, I’ll marry him all the same. (2004) DA. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor8. ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003) DA. As mush asB. So muchC. How muchD. Much as9. "It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means that (2009) CA. she seems to be there at the conference.B. she seemed to be there at the conference.C. she seems to have been there at the conference.D. she seemed to being there at the conference.10. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " _____ everybody came"?A. NearlyB. QuiteC. PracticallyD. Almost (2009) B11. In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence. (2009) CA. the subjectB. the adverbialC. the objectD. the complement12. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possiblemeanings EXCEPT (2009) DA. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who will prepare the documents...13. What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean? (2008) AA. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.14. Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"? (2008) BA. You must leave immediately.B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight o'clock.D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.Vocabulary （词汇）历年真题2009年66. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _____ his new albumsoon. AA. releaseB. renewC. relieveD. rehearse67. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally _____ the rank of deputy director. CA. achievedB. approachedC. attainedD. acquired68. Winter is the _____ season at most hotels in this seaside town, because very few tourists cometo stay. CA. slowB. slackC. lowD. quiet69. Come on, Jack, tell me the story. Don't keep me in ______. AA. suspenseB. suspendingC. suspensionD. suspender70. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain. DA. called overB. called upC. called outD. called off71. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____. BA. conduciveB. wholesomeC. helpfulD. appreciative72. It was strange that she would _____ such an absurd idea. DA. allowB. stickC. takeD. entertain73. The scientists have made an _____ study of the viruses that cause the disease. CA. exhaustedB. exhaustingC. exhaustiveD. exhaustion74. Do you own your apartment or are you a ______? AA. tenantB. customerC. clientD. proprietor75. Representatives from the companies indicated that they should go on working together in ___.A. unityB. entityC. partnersD. partnership D76. We all know that Mary has had a strict _____. BA. growthB. upbringingC. developmentD. cultivation77. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff. DA. passed outB. passed byC. passed overD. passed off78. Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means AA. unexpectedlyB. unhappilyC. untidilyD. unofficially79. The person he interviewed was _____ his former schoolmate. CA. no other thanB. no more thanC. none other thanD. none the less80. The young employee has a(n)______ quality - he is totally honest. CA. respectableB. admirableC. decentD. approachable2008年66. When he first started in university, he really felt at _____ with his major --- economics. DA. shoreB. bankC. oceanD. sea67. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ____ towards them. CA. considerableB. consideringC. considerateD. considered68. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ___ discussing a recent film with others.A. at homeB. at mostC. at houseD. at bean A69. The company has capitalized _____ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.A. inB. overC. withD. on D70. Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to _____ them next semester. BA. remakeB. repeatC. reapplyD. revise71. Keep this reference book; it may come in _____ one day. AA. handyB. usefulC. convenientD. helpful72. The questions that the speaker raised were well ____ the average adult. CA. pastB. onC. beyondD. through73. Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) _____ of learning. BA. designB. instrumentC. agencyD. tool74. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act _____. DA. sensitivelyB. imaginativelyC. efficientlyD. accordingly75. At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems_____ on becoming a computer programmer. BA. fitB. setC. disposedD. decided76. When invited to talk about his achievements+ he refused to blow his own _____ anddeclined to speak at the meeting. AA. trumpetB. whistleC. bugleD. flute77. In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew in CA. gravityB. extentC. intensityD. amount78. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be _____ until themotorway is repaired. BA. discontinuedB. suspendedC. haltedD. ceased79. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the ____ cause of the tides. AA. principalB. basicC. initialD. elementary80. Teddy came to my ____ with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned himthat my wallet had been stolen. CA. attendanceB. assistanceC. rescueD. safety2007年66.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_______forgery. CA.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.real67.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. AA.my backB.my headC.my eyeD.shoulder68.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members. BA.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveprehensive69.The tutition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families. DA.approachableB.payableC.reachableD.affordable70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______of theearthquake. BA.consequenceB.aftermathC.resultsD.effect71.This sort of rude behaviour in public hardly ______a person in your position. AA.becomesB.fitsC. supportsD.improves72.I must leave now._______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time. BA.AccidentallyB.IncidentallyC.EventuallyD.Naturally73.After a long delay,she ______replying to my e-mail. DA.got away withB.got back atC.got backD.got round to74.Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people;they are________available these days. CA.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly75.In my first year at the university I learnt the _______of journalism. AA.basicsB.basicC.elementaryD.elements76.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the ______of59 percent DA.ratioB.percentageC.proportionD.rate77.Thousands of _______at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstandingperformance. CA.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers78.We stood still ,gazing out over the limitless ______of the dessert. BA.spaceB.expanseC.stretchnd79.Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. CA.smellB.hearC.senseD.tough80.Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips. AA.smackedB.openedC.partedD.seperated2006年66 It is an offence to show _____ against people of different races. DA distinctionB differenceC separationD discrimination67 A great amount of work has gone into ______ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. BA refreshingB restoringC renovatingD renewing68 The thieves fled with the local police close on their _______. DA backsB necksC toesD heels69 The economic recession has meant that job_______ is a rare thing. AA securityB safetyC protectionD secureness70 Many people nowadays save money to _______ for their old age. CA caterB supplyC provideD equip71 The tone of the article ______ the writer’s mood at the time. BA reproducedB reflectedC imaginedD imitated72 This is not the right _______ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen AA momentB situationC imaginedD imitated73 The job of a student accommodation officer _______ a great many visits to landladies. DA concernsB offersC asksD involves74 Our family doctor’s clinic ______at the junction of two busy roads. BA restsB standsC staysD seats75 She was so fat that she could only just _______ through the door. CA assembleB appearC squeezeD gather76 After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ______. AA leakingB tricklingC prominentD noticeable77 The reception was attended by ______ members of the local community. CA excellentB conspicuousC prominentD noticeable78 Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ___slightly in the afternoon.A regainedB recoveredC restoredD revived B79 His _______ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure. CA richB quickC productiveD fertile80 The couple has donated a not ________ amount of money to the foundation. AA inconsiderableB inconsiderateC inaccurateD incomparable2005年67. There are still many problem ahead of us, but by his time next year we can see light at the end of the _________. DA. battleB. dayC. roadD. tunnel68. We realized that he was under great _________, so we took no notice of hisbad temper. BA. excitementB. stressC. crisisD. nervousness69. The director tried to get the actors to _________ to the next scene by handsignals. AA. move onB. move offC. move outD. move along70. His ideas are invariably condemned as ________ by his colleagues. CA. imaginativeB. ingeniousC. impracticalD. theoretical71. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against thelocal authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field. DA. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest72. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medicalprofession women are in a _________. AA. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum73. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January. BA. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect74. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________government spending. AA. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget75. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region. CA. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive76. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the preciouscave paintings. AA. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied77. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will_________. CA. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out78. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been towardon-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s_________ rather than the company’s. DA. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience79. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church. CA. markB. signalC. signD. gesture80. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it. BA. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarely。
n3考试题型
n3考试题型N3考试是日本语能力测试（JLPT）的一级考试，对应于日本语言能力测试的N3级别。
N3考试的题型主要包括听力、阅读、语法与词汇、文字信息处理以及作文等几个部分。
下面将分别介绍这几个题型及其特点。
一、听力题型（Listening）N3考试的听力部分共有两个部分，分别是问答题和短文理解题。
问答题是通过听问题，选择正确的答案，主要考察对话的理解和应答能力。
短文理解题是通过听一段短文，回答相关问题，主要考察对文章的整体理解和关键信息的捕捉能力。
二、阅读题型（Reading）N3考试的阅读部分共有三个部分，分别是简答题、选择题和综合题。
简答题要求根据阅读材料的内容，回答问题，并能够提供明确的答案。
选择题是根据阅读材料选择最符合文章意思的选项。
综合题是综合运用语法和词汇知识，完成对话或文章的填空、改错等。
三、语法与词汇题型（Grammar and Vocabulary）N3考试的语法与词汇部分共有两个部分，分别是语法题和词汇题。
语法题要求根据句子的语法结构和上下文，选择正确的语法形式或者补全句子。
词汇题主要考察候选词的用法，要求选择最合适的词汇补全句子。
四、文字信息处理题型（Reading and Writing）N3考试的文字信息处理部分包括信息匹配题和填写题。
信息匹配题要求根据给定的表格或者图表，选择与之相匹配的句子或者选项。
填写题要求在给定的文章或者对话中填写合适的词语，补全缺失的信息。
五、作文题型（Writing）N3考试的作文要求考生根据给定的题目，完成一篇独立的作文。
作文的要求涵盖了个人经历、观点陈述、问题解决等方面，要求考生运用所学的语法和词汇知识，进行表达和逻辑思维。
总结：N3考试的题型涵盖了听力、阅读、语法与词汇、文字信息处理和作文，考察了考生的听力理解、阅读理解、语法和词汇运用以及写作能力。
在备考过程中，考生需要加强对不同题型的理解和熟悉，通过大量的练习来提高自己的应试能力。
托福口语评分细则
托福口语评分细则托福口语是考察考生的口语表达能力和交流能力的一个重要考试项目。
在托福口语考试中，考生需要通过回答问题、表达观点和参与讨论来展示自己的口语能力。
而考官会根据一定的评分细则对考生的口语表达进行评分。
本文将详细介绍托福口语评分细则，以帮助考生更好地备考。
一、发音和语音语调（Fluency and Pronunciation）1. 发音准确性（Pronunciation Accuracy）考察考生的发音是否准确，包括音节、单词和句子的发音准确性以及语音语调的准确性。
2. 流利度（Fluency）考察考生的语速和流利度，是否能够进行连贯的口语表达，避免过多的停顿和填充词。
3. 韵律和语调（Rhythm and Intonation）考察考生的语音语调是否自然、合理，是否能够正确运用语调和停顿来表达自己的观点。
二、语法和词汇（Grammar and Vocabulary）1. 语法正确性（Grammar Accuracy）考察考生的语法使用是否准确，包括时态、语态、语法结构、主谓一致等方面的准确性。
2. 词汇丰富性（Vocabulary richness）考察考生的词汇量和词汇使用的准确性，包括是否能够使用恰当的词汇来表达自己的观点以及是否能够使用同义词和举例来丰富口语表达。
三、逻辑和连贯性（Logical Coherence）1. 逻辑清晰度（Clarity of Logic）考察考生的观点是否逻辑清晰、条理清晰，是否能够有序地陈述自己的观点和例子。
2. 连贯性（Coherence）考察考生的语篇连贯性，是否能够进行恰当的转折、衔接、过渡，使整个口语表达更为连贯。
四、语言运用（Language Use）1. 语言多样性（Variety of Language）考察考生是否能够使用多种语言表达方式，避免单调和重复。
2. 正确性（Accuracy）考察考生的语言使用是否准确，包括语法、词汇和句子结构的准确性。
专四grammar and vocabulary
2.she could not have believed it, but that she () it. A. had seen it B. see C. saw D. would see
【解析】这属于虚拟中混合真实 She couldn’t have believed it, 这一部分确实是虚拟， 但she saw it 却是真真实实已经发生的事情，所以 这一部分就不用虚拟了，所以用过去时。
6. Tongue hold one's tongue (保持沉默) A person who has too much tongue (太多嘴) 7. Face pull a long face (拉长脸) about face (向后转) 8. Shoulder stand shoulder to shoulder (肩并肩) turn a cold shoulder (不理睬) give friends the cold shoulder (冷落朋友) 9. Back give somebody a pat on the back (轻轻拍背部) turn one’s back on somebody (不理睬他人) 10. Heart the heart of the matter (问题的核心) sweet heart (情人) Don't lose heart (不要灰心)
7.The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to () government spending. A. Finance B. expand C. Enlarge D. budget
名词辨析题 译文：总统解释说收税的目的是为了给政府开销筹措资金 expand和enlarge不能和spending搭配， 而budget表示“为…做预算” 所以选finance 为…筹措资金
大学英语四级(语法与词汇)练习试卷118(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级（语法与词汇）练习试卷118(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：7. V ocabulary and GrammarV ocabulary and GrammarDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1．It’s such a pity that those fine old houses had to be pulled ______ to make way for the new road.A．downB．outC．offD．in正确答案：A解析：固定搭配题。
pull down意为“毁坏，破坏”，如：pull down an old office building(摧毁一幢旧办公大楼)；pull out意为“撤离，离开”，如：The peace-preserving army of the United Nations pulled out of the are a．(联合国的维和部队撤出了那个地区。
)pull off意为“努力实现”，如：pull off a plan(努力实现计划)；pull in意为“火车进站，到站”，如：The train pulled in the station on time．(火车准时进站了。
) 知识模块：语法与词汇2．I don’t think you have heard of the story before you knew Peter,______A．don’t IB．haven’t youC．do ID．have you正确答案：D解析：我想你在认识彼德之前没有听说过这个故事吧?该题考点为反问疑问句的用法，对think，consider，believe等表示想法的词语否定时，实际否定的是它们后面从句的内容，故反问疑问句是针对从句内容而进行的提问，采用的助动词应依据从句中的谓语。
八年级上册英语期中复习资料
八年级上册英语期中复习资料英语作为一门国际通用语言，是学生们必修的学科之一。
八年级英语期中考试是考查学生英语学习情况的重要途径之一。
为了帮助同学们备考期中考试，下面为大家准备了八年级上册英语的期中复习资料。
1. Listen and choose（听力理解）听力是英语考试中的重点，而英语听力的核心在于培养听力。
在期中考试中，听力的比重较大，所以建议同学们多听英语原版材料，提高自己的听力水平。
平时可以通过听英文歌曲、看英文电影和练习各类听力题，加强听力训练。
2. Grammar and vocabulary（语法和词汇）语法和词汇是英语学习中不可忽视的方面。
建议大家多背诵语法和词汇表，同时要注重运用。
学习语法可以找相关学习资料进行学习，而词汇则可以通过背单词和多读书来提高。
3. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）阅读理解是英语考试中的难点，需要同学们用心去读，并提高阅读速度，积累阅读经验。
在考试前，可以多读英文短文和文章，同时注意紧扣文章主题，理解文章内容，掌握文章中的词汇和结构。
4. Writing（写作）英语写作并不是难事，只要养成好的习惯，多写多练，就可以熟练掌握写作技能。
在日常学习中，可以模仿范文进行写作，运用所学的语法和词汇，同时提高阅读和写作速度。
5. Speaking and pronunciation（口语和发音）英语口语是实践英语的重要环节之一，需要同学们多口语练习和模仿正常发音。
平时可以多与英语母语者交流，尽可能多地复述英文短语，同时可以多听标准的英语音频，提高自己的发音水平。
总之，八年级英语期中考试需要同学们综合运用所学知识，需要平常多练习、多积累。
只有通过适当的方法和正确的步骤，才能更好地迎接考试挑战。
最后，祝同学们期中考试取得好成绩！。
语法单词grammar
语法单词grammar：
grammar，英语单词，主要用作名词，作名词时译为“语法，文法；（人的）语言知识及运用能力；语法书；语法理论，语法学；（某门类知识和技能的）基本原理；<英，非正式>中学；（计算机）文法”。
复数形式是grammars。
常见短语搭配：1、english grammar英语语法：英语中用于构建句子和表达意义的规则和结构。
2、grammar and vocabulary语法和词汇：语言学习中的两个重要方面，语法是指语言的结构和规则，词汇是指语言中的单词和短语。
3、generative grammar生成语法：一种以一组规则的形式描述一种语言的语法句子的方法，也称为转换语法。
4、grammar school中学：一所强调拉丁语和希腊语，为上大学做准备的中学。
英国大学预科学校。
小学：一所介于小学和高中之间的学校，也可以指小学。
5、universal grammar普遍语法：一种研究普遍原则的学科，这些原则被认为是所有语言的语法现象的基础，同时也被视为人类天生学习语言的能力的一部分。
例句：
1、He elucidated a point of grammar.
他解释了一个语法要点。
2、He has a good grasp of German grammar.
他德语语法掌握得很好。
3、She was marked down because of poor grammar.
她因语法不好被扣了分。
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar(词汇
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar(词汇Vocabulary:1. Implication: the conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly statedExample: The implication of his words was that he didn't trust her.2. Connotation: an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaningExample: The word 'home' has positive connotations of warmth and security.3. Acquaintance: a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friendExample: I ran into an acquaintance from high school at the grocery store.4. Resilience: the ability to recover quickly from difficultiesExample: His resilience in the face of adversity was impressive.5. Tenacity: the quality of persisting in something despite difficulty or oppositionExample: Her tenacity in pursuing her dream career was admirable.Grammar:1. Adverbial clauses: a dependent clause that functions as an adverb in a sentenceExample: After he finished his homework, he went to bed.2. Infinitive phrases: a phrase that begins with an infinitive and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a sentenceExample: To swim in the ocean is my favorite summer activity.3. Participial phrases: a phrase that begins with a present or past participle and functions as an adjective in a sentence Example: The howling wind, blowing fiercely, made it difficult to hear.4. Compound sentences: a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses joined together by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolonExample: I went to the store, and I bought some bread and milk.。
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)模拟试卷165(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（语法与词汇）模拟试卷165(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1．The sentence that expresses REQUEST isA．Just do it right now.B．Take it easy. It’ll be ok.C．Please pass me the paper.D．Welcome to the plaza正确答案：C解析：A“立刻做!”是一种命令；B“放松点，一切都会好的。
”带有安慰的语气；C“请把试卷递给我!”表示请求；D“欢迎来到广场!”通常是迎客用语。
故答案为C。
知识模块：语法与词汇2．In “The little girl is left alone in the house, weeping bitterly” the italicized part is the ______ of the sentence.A．indirect objectB．adverbialC．direct objectD．object complement正确答案：B解析：现在分词weeping bitterly在句中作伴随状语，说明小女孩哭的状态，答案为B。
知识模块：语法与词汇3．I believe watching TV is ______ listening to radio.A．so good or better thanB．like good or better thanC．as good as or better thanD．as good as or better正确答案：C解析：考查形容词比较结构的用法。
大学英语教材101答案
大学英语教材101答案大学英语教材101题是一个广泛被学生关注的话题。
许多学生在学习英语的过程中，都会遇到教材中的101题，而对于这些题目的答案往往感到困惑。
在本文中，我将为大家提供一些关于大学英语教材101题的答案，希望对学生们的学习有所帮助。
1. Reading Comprehension（阅读理解）在阅读理解题中，要对文章进行仔细阅读，并结合文章内容选择正确的答案。
常见的题型包括主旨题、细节题、推理题等。
例题：根据以下短文内容，选择正确答案。
Happiness is not something ready-made. It comes from your own actions.>br> A. True.B. False.C. Not mentioned.答案：A. True.2. Grammar and Vocabulary（语法和词汇）语法和词汇是语言学习的基石，掌握好这部分知识对于提高英语能力至关重要。
在这类题目中，需要考生根据题目要求，选择合适的单词形式或者正确的语法结构。
例题：选择最佳答案来完成这个句子。
I have been learning English for ________.A. two yearsB. two yearC. two-yearD. two-years答案：A. two years3. Cloze Test（完形填空）完形填空是测试学生对文章整体意思的理解能力。
根据上下文语境，选择适当的单词或短语填入空白处，使得整篇文章连贯完整。
例题：根据上下文，选择适当的单词或短语，完成下列短文。
Learning a foreign language can be challenging, but with_______ and practice, you can become fluent in no time.A. hard workB. luckC. talentD. money答案：A. hard work4. Writing Skills（写作技巧）写作是英语学习中重要的一环。
ket旧版评分标准
ket旧版评分标准KET（Key English Test）是剑桥英语考试的一个基础级别，主要评估测试者的英语能力，包括语法、词汇、听力、阅读、写作和口语。
对于想要参加KET考试的考生来说，了解KET旧版的评分标准是非常重要的。
本文将详细介绍KET旧版的评分标准。
一、语法和词汇（Grammar and Vocabulary）语法和词汇的重要性在英语学习中是不可忽视的。
在KET考试中，它占据了25%的总分。
评估者会根据考生在语法和词汇方面的运用能力来给分。
这包括正确使用时态、语态、冠词、代词和形容词等。
在考试中，考生需要展示对不同语法结构的理解，并正确运用到具体场景中。
二、听力（Listening）听力是KET考试中的一个重要部分，占据了20%的总分。
评估者会根据考生的听力理解能力和对所听到的对话和短文的理解程度来给分。
考生需要能听懂简单的口语表达，例如问候、介绍和购物等。
他们需要能够理解简短的对话和公告，并能够回答相关问题。
三、阅读（Reading）阅读是KET考试中的另一个重要部分，它占据了25%的总分。
评估者会根据考生的阅读理解能力和对所读材料的理解程度来给分。
考生需要能够理解简单的文章和公告，并能够回答相关问题。
他们需要能够获取信息并进行简单的推理和判断。
四、写作（Writing）写作是KET考试中的一个关键部分，它占据了25%的总分。
评估者会根据考生的写作能力来给分。
考生需要能够根据所给的题目，写出简单的短文、便条或者电子邮件等。
他们需要能够清晰地表达自己的观点和想法，并使用正确的语法和词汇。
五、口语（Speaking）口语是KET考试中的最后一个部分，它占据了25%的总分。
评估者会根据考生的口语能力来给分。
考生需要能够就给定的话题展开简单的对话，并积极参与到与评估者的交流中。
他们需要能够用简单的句子和常用词汇来表达自己的意思。
总结：综上所述，KET旧版的评分标准涵盖了语法和词汇、听力、阅读、写作和口语等方面。
pet口语评分标准
pet口语评分标准pet口语评分标准如下：标准一：语法和词汇grammar and vocabulary关键概念：▲Appropriacy of vocabulary，词汇的准确度即用词符合上下文。
如I’m sensible to noise中，sensitive就不准确，应该用sensitive。
Big snow中big 不准确，因为和snow搭配的是heavy。
▲Flexibility灵活性，指考生能否迅速替换掉卡住的单词，用其他表述传递同样含义和效果。
▲Grammar control语法控制，指考生能否正确、准确、一致地使用语法表达意思。
▲Range范围，指考生词汇、语法的多样性。
高水平考生能展示丰富多样的词汇、短语、固定搭配和语法形式。
标准二：语言组织discourse management。
关键概念：▲Coherence and cohesion连贯和统一。
连贯指条理清晰，听众跟得上。
统一指结构紧凑，没有废话。
▲Cohesive devices关联手段。
像and, but, or, then, finally这种简单的关联词是不够的。
若想在此维度上拿高分，考生需展示较复杂的关联词如therefore, moreover, as a result, in addition, however, on the other hand。
▲Related vocabulary相关词汇。
考生需准确、灵活地运用同一词群中的相关单词，如train, station, platform, carriage或study, learn, revise。
▲Grammatical devices语法手段，即指示代词it, this, one等和定冠词the。
▲Extended stretches of language语言长度。
考生需根据题目确定发言的长短。
▲Relevance相关性，即不能跑题。
标准三：发音pronunciation。
六年级北京英语知识点
六年级北京英语知识点一、Listening comprehension（听力理解）在六年级的英语学习中，听力理解是非常重要的一部分。
通过听力练习和考试，学生可以提高对英语的听力能力和理解能力。
1.1 天气和季节（Weather and Seasons）天气和季节是六年级的一个重要知识点。
学生需要学习不同天气和季节的英文表达，并能够根据对话或描述理解相关信息。
例如：- What's the weather like today?（今天天气怎么样？）- It's sunny and hot.（天晴，很热。
）- What season is it now?（现在是什么季节？）- It's spring.（现在是春天。
）1.2 时间和日常活动（Time and Daily Activities）学生需要学习如何表达时间和日常活动，包括几点钟、每天的安排等。
他们需要通过听力练习能够听懂相关对话的内容。
例如：- What time is it?（几点钟了？）- It's 8 o'clock.（8点钟。
）- What do you usually do in the evening?（晚上你通常做什么？）- I usually do my homework and watch TV.（我通常做作业和看电视。
）1.3 交通工具和方向（Transportation and Directions）学生需要学习交通工具和方向的英文表达，并能够理解相关对话中的信息，如问路和交通工具的使用。
例如：- How can I get to the library?（我怎么去图书馆？）- Go straight and turn left at the second corner. The library is onyour right.（一直往前走，在第二个转角处左转。
图书馆就在你的右边。
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Unit 1Grammar重点语法1、一般现在时形式：肯定句：主语＋ do/does主语＋ be (am/is/are)There be (is/are) + 主语＋其它成分.否定句：主语＋do not / doesn’t do.主语＋ be (am/is/are) not.There be (is/are) not + 主语＋其它成分.一般疑问句: Does/Do ＋主语＋动词原形？Be (am/is/are) ＋主语＋其它成分？Be (is/are) + there + 主语＋其它成分.?特殊疑问句: 疑问词＋ does/do＋主语＋动词原形？疑问词＋ be (am/is/are) ＋主语＋其它成分？疑问词＋ be (is/are) + there + 主语＋其它成分.?概念：A)现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B)经常性、习惯性动作。
C)客观事实和普遍真理。
(主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态，其宾语从句的谓语动词一般也需用过去时态，但若该从句说的是客观真理，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时)D)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）。
E)在时间和条件状语从句里。
(包括具有连词作用的副词immediately，the moment，thetime，directly等引导的状语从句) 在时间和条件状语从句里，用一般现在时表示将来。
强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。
例如:She is always like that.她总是那样。
He often helps others.他经常帮助别人。
I knew the moon moves round the earth when I was a little child.在我儿时，就知道月球围绕太阳转。
The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。
This baby seldom cries unless it is tired.这个婴儿除非疲倦了，否则很少哭。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了大约3个小时了。
2、现在进行时形式肯定句: 主语＋ be（am/is/are）+ 现在分词否定句: 主语＋ be（am/is/are）not + 现在分词一般疑问句: Be（am/is/are）主语＋现在分词?特殊疑问句: 疑问词＋ be（am/is/are）+ 主语 + 现在分词?概念：A)表示说话人在说话时刻正在进行的动作，可与now, at present, at this moment, these days 等时间状语连用。
B)包括说话时刻在内的一段时间内正在进行的动作。
C)有时可用于与过去比较。
例如:The telephone is ringing，would you answer it, please?电话铃响了，请你接一下，好吗?George is translating a book now.乔治目前在翻译一本书。
We are eating more meat now.我们现在肉吃得多了。
3、一般过去时形式肯定句：主语＋ did主语＋ be (was/were)There be (was/were) + 主语＋其它成分.否定句：主语＋ be (was/were) not.主语＋didn’t do.There be (was/were) not + 主语＋其它成分..一般疑问句: Did ＋主语＋动词原形？Be (was/were) ＋主语＋其它成分？Be (was/were) + there + 主语＋其它成分.?特殊疑问句: 疑问词＋ does/do＋主语＋动词原形？疑问词＋ be (am/is/are) ＋主语＋其它成分？疑问词＋ be (is/are) + there + 主语＋其它成分.?概念：A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况，有明显的表示过去的时间状语，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等。
B)由would do/ used to do句型表示过去习惯性动作。
否定形式为used not to do / didn’t use to do，疑问形式为Used ＋主语＋to do / Did＋主语＋use to do。
4、used to + do 的否定句和疑问句形式：否定句: 主语＋didn’t use to ＋动词原形.一般疑问句: Did＋主语＋use to ＋动词原形？特殊疑问句: 疑问词＋did ＋主语＋use to ＋动词原形?例如:I decided to go to the library as soon as I finished what I was doing.我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆。
The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.老人会坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。
He used to visit his mother once a week.他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。
5、过去进行时形式肯定句: 主语＋ be（was/were）+ 现在分词否定句: 主语＋ be（was/were）not + 现在分词一般疑问句: Be（was/were）主语＋现在分词?特殊疑问句: 疑问词＋ be（was/were）+ 主语 + 现在分词?概念：表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例如:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。
I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.你敲前门时我正在洗头发。
6、连接词的用法连接词的用法with 的用法代词的用法who， that， where 的用法Vocabulary重点词汇Activity 2 P16send v.tr.To require or enable to go:派需要或有能力去She sent her children to college.她送孩子们上大学。
The judge sent the criminal to prison.法官判罪犯入狱。
diagnose （as）v. To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis.诊断，辨别或识别（如疾病）The doctor diagnosed the illness as influenza.医生诊断此病为流行感冒。
The teacher diagnosed the boy's reading difficulties老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。
( 比喻用法)强调句型：It + is / was + 强调成分 + that / who + 从句此句型可强调句子的主语；宾语；状语。
It was she who had been wrong.是她错了。
（主语）It was John and his brother that we met in the park last week.上星期我们在公园遇见的是约翰和他的兄弟。
（宾语）It was in your room that I left my bag.是在你的房间里我放下了我的包。
（地点状语）It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。
（时间状语）take care of 照料be good at 擅长look after 照顾in that way 在那方面grow up 长大get on 生活, 融洽相处look like 和 take like 的区别look like 像..., （外表特征）be like 像…（性格特征）take after 像..., 学…的样like 喜欢 (做)… （练习 P23）bring up v. To take care of and educate (a child); rear.抚养; 教育（小孩）I was brought up by my aunt.我是我姑姑抚养成人的。
He was brought up to be honest.他从小就培养他要诚实。
grow up （自己）长大；成长bring up （别人）抚养，养育There the birds nest and bring up their young.鸟在那里筑巢，养育他们的幼鸟。
He grew up and became a soldier.他长大了，成长为一名战士。
remember v. To recall to the mind; think of again. 记得, 回想起两种用法：1) remember to do sth. 记住要做的事2) remember doing sth 记得做过的事Please remember to mail it for me.请记住帮我把信寄掉。
I remember seeing her once.我记得曾见过她一次。
.tell off v. To express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment in (someone).责备，表达对（某人）的不赞成、批评或失望I was ten minutes late and she told me off in front of everyone.我迟到了十分钟，她当着大家的面申斥了我一番。
Activity11in one’s early/late twenties 在某人二十几岁时In one’s teens 在某人十几岁时move to …v. To go from one residence or location to another; relocate.搬家, 从一个居住地或定居点搬到另一个Mary just moved to this community last week.玛丽上个星期才搬到这个社区。