自学考试 英语阅读
2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》试题与参考答案
2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》自测试题与参考答案一、阅读判断（共10分）第一题Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.The rise of e-learning has transformed the way people access education. With the advent of the internet, individuals now have the opportunity to learn at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes. One of the most popular forms of e-learning is the self-study examination for higher education, commonly known as the Self-study Examination for English Level Two (Self-study Examination for English Two). This examination is designed to test the English proficiency of students who wish to pursue further education or career opportunities.1、The self-study examination for higher education is gaining popularity due to its convenience and flexibility.2、The Self-study Examination for English Two is only available online.3、The examination is specifically for those who want to advance their education or career.4、The passage mentions that the self-study examination is only for English learning.5、The self-study examination is meant to be taken at a specific location.1、True2、False3、True4、False5、FalseSecond Question: Reading Comprehension and JudgmentPassage:In today’s rapidly evolving world, the role of technology in education cannot be overstated. Technological advancements have not only transformed how knowledge is imparted but also revolutionized the learning experience for students across the globe. The integration of digital tools into classrooms has enabled educators to personalize learning, catering to the diverse needs of individual students. Furthermore, online platforms and digital resources have made education more accessible, breaking down barriers of time and location. However, it is crucial to recognize that these benefits come with challenges such as ensuring equitable access to technology and maintaining the quality of educational content in a digital format. Despite these hurdles, the potential for technology to enhance teaching and learning is immense, making it an indispensable part of modern educational practices.Questions:1、The passage suggests that technology has changed the way education isdelivered.•Answer: True2、According to the text, personalized learning experiences are now possible due to the use of digital tools.•Answer: True3、The integration of technology in education has created insurmountable barriers for learners.•Answer: False4、Online platforms have made it difficult for students to access educational materials.•Answer: False5、The passage acknowledges both the advantages and challenges of incorporating technology into education.•Answer: True二、阅读理解（共10分）Title: Reading ComprehensionPassage:The global pandemic has highlighted the importance of digital literacy in today’s society. Many countries have implemented online learning platforms to ensure that education continues during times of crisis. One such platform, Edutalk, has gained popularity for its interactive and engaging approach to teaching. Edutalk offers a variety of courses, including a specialized courseon digital literacy. This course is designed to teach individuals the skills needed to navigate the digital world effectively and responsibly.The course covers several key topics, such as online communication, internet safety, and digital privacy. It also includes practical exercises that help students apply their knowledge in real-life situations. One of the most innovative features of the course is its virtual classroom, where students can interact with each other and with the instructor through live video calls and chat forums.Despite the benefits of online learning, there are challenges that come with it. One major challenge is the potential for isolation and reduced social interaction. However, Edutalk has addressed this by incorporating social features into its platform, such as discussion groups and peer support networks. These features help to foster a sense of community among the students.Questions:1.What is the primary focus of the specialized course offered by Edutalk?A) Online communicationB) Internet safetyC) Digital privacyD) All of the above2.Which of the following is NOT a key topic covered in the digital literacy course?A) Online communicationB) History of the internetC) Internet safetyD) Digital privacy3.What is one innovative feature of Edutalk’s digital literacy course?A) Traditional classroom settingB) Virtual classroom with live video callsC) Self-paced learning modulesD) Only text-based lessons4.What is a potential challenge associated with online learning, according to the passage?A) High cost of educationB) Reduced social interactionC) Limited access to resourcesD) Lack of hands-on experience5.How does Edutalk address the challenge of reduced social interaction in online learning?A) By offering only self-paced coursesB) By incorporating social features such as discussion groupsC) By encouraging students to attend physical classesD) By providing one-on-one tutoring sessionsAnswers:1.D) All of the above2.B) History of the internet3.B) Virtual classroom with live video calls4.B) Reduced social interaction5.B) By incorporating social features such as discussion groups三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）第一题Reading Passage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized in the field of education. Higher education self-study examinations, such as the National Self-Study Examination for English Level Two, have become a popular method for individuals to enhance their English proficiency independently. This essay discusses the benefits and challenges of self-study examinations in higher education.Questions:1、The passage mainly focuses on the topic of __________.A)The benefits of traditional classroom learningB)The challenges of self-study in higher educationC)The role of self-study examinations in enhancing English proficiencyD)The decline of traditional educational methods2、According to the passage, self-study examinations are particularly beneficial for__________.A)Students who prefer a more structured learning environmentB)Working professionals seeking to improve their language skillsC)Young learners who are eager to learn new subjectsD)Teachers who want to teach English more effectively3、The passage suggests that self-study examinations can be challenging due to__________.A)The lack of immediate feedback from teachersB)The difficulty of maintaining a consistent study scheduleC)The need for self-discipline and motivationD)The limited availability of study materials4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of self-study examinations?A)The potential for procrastinationB)The risk of not receiving a formal degreeC)The need for a strong support systemD)The difficulty of accessing advanced learning resources5、The author concludes the passage by suggesting that __________.A)Self-study examinations should be replaced with traditional classroom learningB)Self-study examinations can be effective when combined with online resourcesC)The challenges of self-study examinations outweigh their benefitsD)Self-study examinations are only suitable for individuals with exceptionalself-disciplineAnswers:1、C2、B3、C4、B5、B第二题阅读内容：In recent years, online learning has gained immense popularity due to its convenience and flexibility. This essay discusses the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, comparing it with traditional classroom teaching.概况段落大意和补全句子：1、The paragraph mainly focuses on the increasing popularity of online learning, its benefits, and its comparison with traditional classroom teaching.2、Online learning is popular because it offers convenience and flexibility.3、One of the advantages of online learning is its accessibility from anywhere.4、However, one disadvantage of online learning is the lack of face-to-face interaction.5、Compared to traditional classroom teaching, online learning provides more convenience but may lack some social aspects.四、填空补文（共10分）Four. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate options.Read the following passage:The ancient Egyptians had a profound influence on the world we live in today. Their achievements in mathematics, architecture, and religion are still celebrated. One of their greatest contributions was the development of the first known calendar. This calendar was based on the observation of the stars and the cycles of the Nile River. The Egyptians divided the year into three seasons: Inundation, Growth, and Harvest. Each season was further divided into four months, with each month consisting of 30 days. This system was used for agricultural planning and religious festivals.Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks from the options below:1.The Egyptians divided the year into three distinct __________.a) seasonsb) monthsc) daysd) nights2.The calendar they developed was based on __________.a) the moon’s phasesb) the Nile River’s flowc) the Gregorian calendard) the Chinese zodiac3.Each month in the Egyptian calendar had__________days.a) 28b) 30c) 31d) 294.The__________season was characterized by the flooding of the Nile.a) Growthb) Inundationc) Harvestd) Autumn5.The Egyptian calendar was important for __________.a) astronomical observationsb) religious ceremoniesc) trade and commerced) all of the aboveAnswer Key:1.a) seasons2.b) the Nile River’s flow3.b) 304.b) Inundation5.d) all of the above五、填词补文（共15分）第一题阅读以下短文，根据上下文填入合适的单词，每空一词。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读(二)考试真题及答案7
2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（二）考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Reading Comprehension.(50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.1、Passage OneIts early August and the countryside appears peaceful. Planting has long been finished and the fields are alive with strong, healthy crops. Soybeans and wheat are flourishing under the hot summer sun, and the corn, which was knee-high by the fourth of July, is now well over six feet tall. Herds of dairy and beef cattle are grazing peacefully in rolling pastures which surround big, ted barns and neat, white farmhouses. [Everything as far as the eye can see radiates a sense of prosperity.]Welcome to the Midwest-one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world.The tranquility of the above scene is misleading. Farmers in the Midwest put in some of the longest workdays of any profession in the United States. In addition caring for their crops and livestock, theyhave to keep up with new farming techniques, such as those for combining soil erosion and increasing livestock production. It is essential that farmers adopt these advances in technology if they, want to continue to meet the growing demands of a hungry world.Agriculture is the number one industry in the United States and agricultural products are the countrys leading export. American farmers manage to feed not only the total population of the United States, but also millions of other people throughout the rest of the world. Corn and soybean exports alone account forapproximately 75 percent of the amount sold in world markets.This productivity, however, has its price. Intensive cultivation exposes the earth to the damaging forces of nature. Every year wind and water remove tons of rich soil from the nations croplands, with the result that soil erosion has become a national problem concerning everyone from the farmer to the consumer.Each field is covered by a limited amount of topsoil, the upper layer of earth which is richest in the nutrient and minerals necessary for growing crops. Eversince the first farmers arrived in the Midwest almost 200 years ago, cultivation and,consequently, erosion have been depleting the supply of topsoil. In the 1830s,nearly two feet of rich, black top soil covered the Midwest. Today the average depth is onlyeight inches, and every decade another inch is blown or washed away.This erosion is steadily decreasing the productivity of valuable cropland. A United States Agricultural Department survey states that if erosion continues at its present rate, corn and soybean yields in the Midwest may drop as much as 30 percent overthe next 50 years.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.The underlined sentence in Para. 1 implies that ____.A.the Midwest is the most prosperous in the USB.the Midwest is the most fertile in the worldC.the Midwest is expecting a good harvestD.the Midwest is within reach of prosperity2、What does the author say about the farmers in Para. 2?A.They live a tranquil but industrious lifeB.They work very hard and learn new skills.C.They work longer hours during week days.D.They have to compete with farmers in other countries.3、From Para. 3, we can learn that ____.A.American farmers feed almost three quarters of the world populationB.75 percent of corn and soybeans in the world market come from the USC.American agricultural exports have a share of 75% in the global marketD.corn and soybeans take up about three quarters of American agricultural exports4、According to Para. 4, ______.A.soil deterioration is becoming a serious problemB.climate change reduces the area of the croplandsC.customers have to pay more for agricultural productsD.high productivity comes along with damaging forces of nature5、The purpose of this passage is _______.A.to show the necessity to improve farming methodsB.to persuade farmers to adopt new farming techniquesC.to inform people of the side effect of intensive cultivationD.to intensify people's awareness of land erosion in the US6、Passage TwoLike many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Carand Driverand Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the查看答案。
自学考试英语（二）阅读试题及答案
自学考试英语（二）阅读试题及答案自学考试英语(二)阅读试题及答案无论在学习或是工作中，我们最不陌生的就是试题了，试题是命题者根据一定的考核需要编写出来的。
你知道什么样的试题才是规范的吗？下面是店铺精心整理的自学考试英语(二)阅读试题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
自学考试英语(二)阅读试题及答案篇12.1阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
As they entered the 21st century, people could not help looking back to the past 20 years when they managed to cope with a new threat– the computer. By the year of 1980, computers had become a fact of life. They were, the magazine DISCOVER noted that December, “in cars, offices, schools and homes, toys and watches. In some airplanes, pilots need not handle the controls; they are‘flight managers’ who watch the computer manage the flight and landing. On the way are voice-driven typewriters, robots that can ‘see’, and hand-held computers that can over the contents of the Library of Congress.”But at the same time, observed the writer John Leo, a large number of Americans were “computerphobes” (电脑恐惧者) and “techno-peasants”, who fe ared that computers were “designed to destroy privacy, eliminate jobs, carry the TV generation even further away from literacy, read few words on food boxes so that the grocer can cheat his customers more easily, and allow World War III to be launched entirely by technical error.”Some executives especially hated computers, Leo reported. They worried that they would lose status – and their assistants –if they were seen at keyboard. Publishers and journalists, he continued, were frightened that the printed word would be eliminated. “True, the newspaper travels well–you can not put a computer under your arm while rushing for a train,” he wrote, “Not now, but a more advanced and complicated portable version, about the size of a hand-held electronic game, may not be far off.”Today those same executives and journalists who feared computers wouldn’t be found without having their portable computers on their laps. The widespread fear of computers seems a thing of the past–a shift that Leo correctly predicted.”Every one will accept computers,” he wrote, “because there is no alternative.”2.1.1 The magazine listed the uses of computers in the following fields EXCEPT _____D_____.A educationB transportationC publicationD medicine2.1.2 Some executives did not like computers in that ___A_______.A they might lose their importance and respectB they had to learn how to use computersC they had to hire more assistantsD they had to buy expensive portable computers2.1.3 Which of the following is NOT what the computer phobes are expecting?___D___A More privacy.B More jobsC More literacy.D More world wars.2.1.4 Today the same executives and journalists can be found to ____C______.A dislike computersB fear using computersC use computers frequentlyD use computers rarely2.1.5 When the author says:“…there is no alternative” in the last sentence of the passage, he means that ____B______.A computers provide no choiceB computers are to be acceptedC computers offer no help to pilotsD more complicated computers have to be made in factories2.2阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
英语阅读(一)自考题-2
英语阅读(一)自考题-2(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分选择题{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Ⅰ.CAREFUL READING{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)He was a funny looking man with a cheerful face, good natured and a great talker. He was described by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as "the best and most just and wisest man". Yet this same man was condemned (判刑) to death for his beliefs.The man was the Greek philosopher, Socrates, and he was condemned for not believing in the recognized gods and for corrupting young people. The second charge stemmed from his association with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the civilized world to study under him. Socrates' method of teaching was to ask questions and, by pretending not to know the answers, to press his students into thinking for themselves. His teachings had unsurpassed influence on all the great Greek and Roman schools of philosophy. Yet, despite his fame and influence, Socrates himself never wrote a word.Socrates encouraged new ideas and free thinking in the young, and this was frightening to the conservative people. They wanted him silenced. Yet, many were probably surprised that he accepted death so readily. Socrates had the right to ask for a lesser penalty, and he probably could have won over enough of the people who had previously condemned him. But Socrates, as a firm believer in law, reasoned that it was proper to submit to the death sentence. So he calmly accepted his fate and drank a cup of poison in the presence of his grief-stricken friends and students.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Plato's description, Socrates ______.∙ A.was a funny and good-tempered man∙ B.was the most just and intelligent man∙ C.had a special way to attract his students∙ D.had close relationships with his students（分数：2.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] 文章第一段说，He was described by his student,...Plato, as "the best and most just and wisest man". just指公正的，wise与intelligent意义相近。
高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)(00595)—课文详单
课程其它快速阅读自考00595课文详单主课Lesson 1 A day's Wait The Death ClockAttitude is Everything Lesson 2The Open WindowIf I Were a Boy Again April Foll's DayLesson 3Bringing Up ChildrenLearning How to Behave The Value of Education Lesson 4American Social Relations NullCommunities for Future Generation in the US Generation in the US Lesson 5New Applications Null Welcome to Our Bank Lesson 6The Wrong HouseNullThe LunchLesson 7Art For Heart's Sake A Musical Genius London Art Gallery Lesson 8The Luncheon Null The English Character L n 9Cind r ll Wh t i H inLesson 9Cinderella Null What is Happiness Lesson 10The NecklaceNullThe Lost Gold PieceLesson 11Lady in the Dark Louis Braille The Police and the Intelligence Agents Lesson 12Three Days to See My Teacher Helen KellerLesson 13Ture LoveNull Why I Want a Wife Lesson 14The Time MachineNull Social ClassesLesson 15The Celebrated Jumping Forg of Calavers County NullTwo kinds of FootballLesson 16How to Avoid the Foolish Opinions Shall We Chosse Death?Forgiveness and Self-respect Lesson 17Bricks form the Tower of the Babel Globa EnglishEnglish World-Wide L 18N b l C i tiLesson 18What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot The Influence of Other Languages on Einglish Nonverbal Counication Lesson 19The Lady or the TigerNull Life or DeathLesson 20Opportunities Where You Are NullEmthusiasm Leads to Success Lesson 21PromethusGreek MythologyPandora's BoxHow did the days of the Week Lesson 22The Story of the Bible The Impotrance of the BibleHow did the days of the WeekGet Their Names?Lesson 23Inaugural Address Null Nancy Reagan: He was the Eternal Optimist Lesson 24The Joys of WritingLetter writing-A Forgotten Art?Winston Churchill: His Other LifeLesson 25The Constitution of the United States President of the United States Three Branches of the Federal GovernmentL 26Th W ld t W Th W ld W Ⅱi B i fU it d N ti Lesson 26The World at WarThe World at War Ⅱ in Brief United Nations Lesson 27Death of a Salesman (Ⅰ)Biography of Arthur Miller Miller' Theatre and Miller' Ideas Lesson 28Death of a Salesman (Ⅱ)Hollywood Marilyn Monroe。
英语阅读自考试题及答案
英语阅读自考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AThe Internet has become an integral part of our lives. It connects us to the world, providing us with information, communication, and entertainment. However, it also has its dark side. Cyberbullying is a serious issue that affects many young people.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of the Internet.B. The dark side of the Internet.C. Cyberbullying as a global issue.D. The importance of communication.2. What does the passage imply about the Internet?A. It is only used for entertainment.B. It is essential in our daily lives.C. It is a source of information only.D. It has no negative aspects.BIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in environmental protection. Many people are now taking steps toreduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainably. This includes using public transportation, recycling, and conserving energy.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of environmental protection.B. The increasing interest in environmental issues.C. Ways to reduce one's carbon footprint.D. The consequences of not protecting the environment.4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a way to live sustainably?A. Using public transportation.B. Recycling.C. Driving a car.D. Conserving energy.CTraveling is a great way to experience new cultures and broaden one's horizons. It allows you to see the world from different perspectives and learn about different customs and traditions. However, it also presents challenges such as language barriers and cultural differences.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage people to travel.B. To discuss the benefits of traveling.C. To highlight the challenges of traveling.D. To compare different cultures.6. What does the passage suggest about traveling?A. It is always easy to adapt to new cultures.B. It can be a learning experience.C. It is only for those who speak multiple languages.D. It is not worth the challenges it presents.二、完形填空（共10分，每题2分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the appropriate word from the four options given.In today's fast-paced world, many people find it difficult to find the time to read. However, reading is an essential activity that can __7__ our knowledge and improve our cognitive abilities.7. A. expandB. limitC. reduceD. ignoreReading not only provides us with information but also __8__ our imagination and creativity.8. A. stimulatesB. suppressesC. hindersD. confinesThe correct answers are:1. B2. B3. B4. C5. B6. B7. A8. A。
自考英语考试题及答案解析
自考英语考试题及答案解析一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 阅读下面短文，然后回答问题。
In the small town of Greenfield, there is a community garden that has become a focal point for the townspeople. The garden was started by Mrs. Johnson, an elderly resident who wanted to bring the community together. Over the years, it has grown into a vibrant space where people of all ages come to grow flowers, vegetables, and share stories.The community garden is not just a place for growing plants; it also serves as a place for community events. Every summer, the town hosts a garden festival where local artists display their work, and musicians perform live. The festival has become a tradition that everyone looks forward to.Mrs. Johnson has recently been honored by the town for her contributions to the community. She was given a certificate and a small plaque that now hangs in the garden, commemorating her efforts.问题：What is the main purpose of the community garden in Greenfield?A. To display local artworkB. To grow flowers and vegetablesC. To host a summer festivalD. To bring the community together答案：D解析：根据短文中的描述，Mrs. Johnson创建社区花园的初衷是“bring the community together”，即把社区团结起来。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读(一)考试真题及答案5
2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（一）考试真题及答案一、Careful Reading(40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.1、Passage1Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage.Hummingbirds included the smallest birds in the world, but they belong to one of the largest group of birds, the Trochilidae family. These birds are found in deserts, mountains, and plains, but most live in tropical rain forests. Their name refers to the humming sound made by their tiny, beating wings; each species creates a different humming sound, depending on the speed of its wing beats.There are 328 hummingbird species. The smallest is the bee hummingbird from Cuba, and the largest is the giant hummingbird from South America. Hummingbird bills(喙）come in different sizes and shapes, too. The long bill is adapted to collect nectar(花蜜）from flowers. The bill protects the long, split tongue and allows each hummingbird species to feed from specific types of flowers. Hummingbirdsare called nectarivores(食蜜类）,because about 90 percent of their diet is the nectar from flowers. They also snack on insects. A hummingbird hunts insects by flying and diving to snap them up out of the air.If a hummingbird sees a bird that it do esn’t want in its territory, it gives a high-pitched warning and starts doing dive attacks. Other hummers and even birds of different species often join in to dive-bomb the unwelcome bird until it leaves. The hummingbird is fearless, as it can overcome everything unless taken by surprise.When it comes to flying, nobody does it better. Like a helicopter, a hummingbird can go up, down, sideways, backward, and even upside down! Most of its wings are made of hand bones instead of arm bones like other birds’wing s. When hovering, the wings turn in opposite directions and then reverse themselves in a figure-eight movement. Hummingbirds also have muscles that power both the up and down stroke instead of just the down stroke, as in other birds. Then can beat their wings from 20 to 200 times per second. Hummingbirds are such good fliers that most of them never walk.As tough as they are, hummingbirds still face a few clever natural enemies. Hummers have been caught by dragonflies, trapped in spider webs, and snatched by frogs. Other birds occasionally eat hummingbirds.where do most hummingbirds live?A.In plainsB.In desertsC.In mountainsD.In tropical rain forests2、Where does the name 查看答案【二、Speed Reading】1~5DDBAA6~10CBAC。
自考英语阅读二课文及翻译
Text 1. Do we need extra vitamins?Many people believe that taking vitamin supplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet, but this should be ①a last resort (最后手段)rather than a way out of a problem. Even if there is a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises "which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There is really no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee (guardians②保护者of our laws on food purity, labelling and advertising clams and descriptions) suggest in their recent report to the government that we do not need any extra vitamins. They say that they are "not necessary for a healthy individual eating a normal diet". Whilst few of us would challenge their authority on the subject of nutrition it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question "how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet? "There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few people are familiar with the wording of the Food Standards Report they do wonder instinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eating habits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous③（a. being everywhere, esp. at the same time 普遍存在的）junk and convenience foods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made out to be White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozen vegetables can be almost as "fresh" as fresh food. There are very few foods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed goods contain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but most tinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein, carbohydrate④（n. 碳水化合物）, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit or a side salad toconvenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snack into a well-balanced meal.许多人认为，服用维生互补剂是防止出现饮食营养不均衡情况的最好防范办法，但这是解决这一问题的方法中最不可行的作法。
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语阅读(二)》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语阅读（二）》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、The professor asked a question, and David ________ a good answer.A 、putupwithB 、stoodupforC 、cameupwithD 、lookeddownupon正确答案：C答案解析：A 忍受、忍耐B 保卫、支持C 想出、提出D 轻视、看不起2、He would have given you more help, if he ________ so busy.A 、havenotbeenB 、hadnotbeenC 、nothavebeenD 、nothadbeen正确答案：B答案解析：本题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
3、After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in ______ later proved to be a new continent.A 、whereB 、whichC 、whatD 、that正确答案：C答案解析：注意，本句话并非定语从句，而是宾语从句。
因为在介词in 后面，应该用what 引导的宾语从句，what 在宾语从句中作主语。
4、It rained hard yesterday, ______ prevented me from going to the park.A 、thatB 、whichC 、asD 、it正确答案：B答案解析：本句话为非限制性定语从句，所以不能用that 来引导。
在本题中，prevent 由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B 。
5、It is important to ________ your skin from the harmful strong sunlight.A、protectB、preventC、stopD、keep正确答案：A答案解析：protect...from...意为“保护……免受……”6、He was ______ to withdraw from running forl正确答案：A答案解析：competefor:比赛…夺取competeagainst/with:和…竞赛句意：这两个女孩互相竞争，以取得最高分。
英语阅读(一)自考题-27_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
英语阅读(一)自考题-27(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)第一部分选择题Ⅰ.SPEED READINGEver since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols are very colorful and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised clots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people.While verbalization is the **mon form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.All of the following can be used internationally except ______.• A. spelling• B. motions• C. sign language• D. picture signsA B C D分值: 2答案:A[解析] 细节题。
英语阅读一自考试题及答案
英语阅读一自考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
AThe Internet is changing the way we live and work. It has become an essential tool for many people. With the Internet, we can do many things that were once difficult or impossible. For example, we can now shop online, work from home, and even take classes remotely. The Internet has also made communication easier and faster. We can now send emails, make video calls, and use social media to stay in touch with friends and family. However, the Internet also has its downsides. It can be a source of misinformation and cybercrime. It is important to use the Internet responsibly and be aware of its potential risks.问题：1. What is the main advantage of using the Internet mentioned in the passage?2. What can we do with the Internet that was once difficult or impossible?3. What are some of the potential risks associated with the Internet?4. Why is it important to use the Internet responsibly?答案：1. The main advantage of using the Internet mentioned in the passage is that it has become an essential tool for many people, making communication easier and faster.2. With the Internet, we can now shop online, work from home, and take classes remotely.3. Some of the potential risks associated with the Internet include misinformation and cybercrime.4. It is important to use the Internet responsibly because it can be a source of misinformation and cybercrime, and being aware of its potential risks can help mitigate these issues.BJohn and Mary are brother and sister. They both love to play in the park. One day, they decided to have a race to see who could run faster. John, being the older and stronger of the two, won the race easily. Mary was not happy with the result and decided to practice every day to become faster. After a month of hard work, she challenged John to another race. This time, she won by a small margin. John was surprised but happy for his sister. He realized that with determination and hard work, anyone can improve.问题：5. Who won the first race between John and Mary?6. Why was Mary unhappy after the first race?7. What did Mary do to improve her running speed?8. What lesson did John learn from the second race?答案：5. John won the first race between John and Mary.6. Mary was unhappy after the first race because she lost toher brother.7. To improve her running speed, Mary practiced every day fora month.8. John learned that with determination and hard work, anyone can improve.二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
自考英语阅读理解试题及答案大全
自考英语阅读理解试题及答案大全试题一：Passage:In the United States, the education system is structured into three levels: primary, secondary, and post-secondary. Primary education includes kindergarten and elementary school, which serves children aged five to eleven. Secondary education includes middle and high schools, typically for students between the ages of twelve to eighteen. Post-secondary education is for students who have completed their secondary education and are seeking further education, such as a college degree or vocational training.Questions:1. What is the first level of education in the United States?2. At what age does primary education typically begin?3. What is the purpose of post-secondary education?Answers:1. The first level of education in the United States is primary education.2. Primary education typically begins at the age of five.3. The purpose of post-secondary education is to provide further education, such as a college degree or vocational training, for those who have completed secondary education.试题二：Passage:The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has made information more accessible than ever before, allowing people to connect with others around the world instantly. The rise of social media platforms has also changed the dynamics of social interaction, making it easier for individuals to share their thoughts, experiences, and ideas with a global audience.Questions:1. What has the Internet revolutionized?2. How has the Internet made information more accessible?3. What is one effect of the rise of social media platforms?Answers:1. The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn.2. The Internet has made information more accessible by allowing people to connect with others around the world instantly.3. One effect of the rise of social media platforms is that it has changed the dynamics of social interaction, making it easier for individuals to share their thoughts, experiences, and ideas with a global audience.试题三：Passage:Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. It is caused by an increase in greenhouse gasesin the atmosphere, which trap heat and lead to a rise in global temperatures. This has a range of consequences, including more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, and threats to biodiversity. Many countries are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and mitigate the effects of climate change.Questions:1. What is causing climate change?2. What is the result of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?3. What are some of the consequences of climate change?Answers:1. Climate change is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.2. The result of the increase in greenhouse gases is that they trap heat and lead to a rise in global temperatures.3. Some of the consequences of climate change include more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, and threats to biodiversity.试题四：Passage:Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth,including the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is essential for the health of ecosystems and plays a crucial role in human well-being. Biodiversity provides a range of services, such as food, medicine, and raw materials for industry. It also contributes to the regulation ofclimate and supports the water cycle.Questions:1. What does biodiversity refer to?2. Why is biodiversity essential for the health of ecosystems?3. What are some of the services provided by biodiversity?Answers:1. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, including the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms.2. Biodiversity is essential for the health of ecosystems because it plays a crucial role in human well-being and the functioning of the environment.3. Some of the services provided by biodiversity include food, medicine, and raw materials for industry, as well asregulation of climate and support for the water cycle.试题五：Passage:The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has been asubject of fascination and concern for many years. AI refersto the ability of machines to perform tasks that wouldnormally require human intelligence, such as learning,problem-solving, and understanding language. As AI technology advances, there is a growing debate about the ethical implications of creating machines that can mimic humanthought processes.Questions:1. What does AI refer to?2. What are some tasks that AI can perform?3. What is the growing debate about concerning AI technology?Answers:1. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.2. Some tasks that AI can perform include learning, problem-solving, and understanding language.3. The growing debate concerning AI technology is about the ethical implications of creating machines that can mimic human thought processes.结束语：以上是自考英语阅读理解的五个试题及答案，这些试题覆盖了教育、互联网、气候变化、生物多样性和人工智能等多个领域，旨在帮助考生提高阅读理解能力并了解不同主题的相关知识。
英语阅读(二)自考题-4_真题-无答案
英语阅读(二)自考题-4(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PART ONEⅠ.Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhether we are aware of it or not, architecture is a part of everybody's personal history. The chances are that it is in a building that we are born and in which we die; that we work and learn and teach; that we think and make things; that we sell and buy, organize and negotiate, invent things, care for others. Most of us wake up in a building in the morning, go to another building or series of buildings to pass our day, and return to a building to sleep at night.Simply from living in buildings, we all have sufficient knowledge to begin a study of the history of architecture. But before doing so, there is one fundamental point we have to note, which makes architecture both different from the many other different arts and more difficult to judge: it has to be practical as well as attractive, useful on the one hand and beautiful on the other.The word architecture goes back through Latin to the Greek for "master builder". The ancients not only invented the word, but they gave it its clearest and **prehensive definition in the structures they left behind. According to Vitruvius, a Roman writer, architecture is the union of "firmness, commodity and delight". The first two conditions are concerned with the down-to-earth side of architecture-its structural practicality. The third deals with its visual or aesthetic aspect. Without "firmness", it is dangerous; without "commodity", it is merely large-scale sculpture; and without "delight", it is just a building.For any given building, all three conditions are vital, but the history of architecture shows that they were not always of equal interest to the peoples of different periods. Some periods were structurally innovative, the buildings of the Romans, for example, while others, such as those of the Greeks, tended to accept inherited structural methods **paratively little change or advancement. The changing function of buildings also varies greatly from period to period. Once the patterns of use of certain long-lived types, such as Hindu temples, Christian churches or the modern office block, are established, it is only usually minor functional changes that follow.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?______A. We are notaware of the importance of architecture. B. Everybody knows the use of a building. C. Architecture plays a very important part in people's lives. D. Architecture is not a part of everybody's personal history.2. Architecture is different from the many other different arts because ______.A. it is more difficult to judge B. it is not practical C. it has to be useful but not attractive D. it has to be both practical and beautiful3. The word "architecture" means "master builder" in ______.A. Latin B. Greek C. Rome D. Christian churches4. The word "they" (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to ______.A. buildings B. people C. firmness, commodity and delight D. the history of architecture5. According to the passage, the Romans ______.A. had little interest in changing the function of their buildings B. liked the ancient structure of the buildings C. tended to accept inherited structural methods D. tended to change the function of the buildingsPassage TwoRush hour in a provincial town is certainly not so busy as in London, but even so there are plenty of people moving about. Long, patient queues wait wearily for buses. Never-ending lines of cars are checked while red traffic lights change to green. Thousands of people are packed tightly in trains, the men's faces buried in their evening papers while women trying in vain to knit. In a slow train it may well be an hour's journey to their station.James Saxon is in his ****er, quietly smoking a cigarette. When he is traveling by train at this time, he always reaches the station at ten past five by the station clock, but he never catches the 5:14 train. Instead he travels by the train which leaves at twenty-four minutes past five so as to be sure of getting **er seat. There are no first-**partments or reserved seats on this train. He appears to be absorbed in the sport news on the back page of his paper and ignores the hurrying crowds.Facing him this evening there is a Finnish youth of eighteen, Matti Arpola. This is his first visit to England, though he already knows Geoffrey, the eldest son of the Jackson family, with whom he is going to stay.As there are several people standing, James Saxon is the only person he can see clearly. Matti decides that he is probably a typical Englishman, and he observes James carefully."Can he really be typical?" he thinks. He has an umbrella, neatly rolled, but no bowler hat; in fact, no hat at all. Of course, he is reading about cricket and he is reserved and not interested in other people. But he is only of average height and his hair is: not fair, but as dark as that of an Italian, and curly, with almost no parting. He is not smoking a pipe and although we foreigners think that a real Englishman ought to have a moustache, he is clean-shaven. His nose is slightly crooked. What a serious face he has! He is frowning a little, but the eyes beneath his worried-looking forehead are sincere and honest. I don't think he is intelligent.His clothes are anything but smart. In fact, they are rather old, though well-brushed. Eventhough he is not wearing a wedding ring, he is probably married, with perhaps three children. His gloves are fur-lined and his trousers well pressed. He keeps far too many things in his pockets, so his suit looks badly out of shape.1. We can infer from the first paragraph that ______.A. passengers make good use of their time on the train B. woman passengers succeed in knitting a lot on the train C. trains are always crowded in London D. many tired patients are waiting for buses2. James Saxon does not catch the 5:14 train because ______.A. it's a slow train B. he does not reserve a seat in it C. the later train is less crowded D. he is not in a hurry3. We can conclude from the passage that Jackson family live in ______.A. London B. Finland C. England D. Italy4. The reason why Matti is not sure whether James Saxon is really an Englishman is that ______.A. he has a serious face B. he is not interested in other people C. he is not intelligent D. he is not wearing a hat5. It can be inferred from the passage that James Saxon ______.A. is probably not rich but neatly dressed B. is quite rich and well dressed C. is rich but poorly dressed D. is not rich enough but well dressedPassage ThreeIn the northern part of Greenland, ice caps, permafrost and gullies dominate the landscape and there's almost no vegetation. Here became the domain of the Thule who came from Canada in 1200. The onset of the Little Ice Age in the 15th century signaled the end of the Ice Age which started 130,000 years ago. Although the Little Ice Age brought Greenland's temperatures down by merely 0.8℃, it dealt a lethal blow on the southern regions vegetation and animals succumbed to cold, famine stroke, and European settlements vanished. The Inuit people survived. They intermarried with the Europeans who came later and became the forefathers of Greenland's people today.The Inuit people still live in pretty much the same way as their ancestors. They make Eskimo canoes. They fish with nets. They hunt seals and sea lions. Sometimes they gut the animals and eat them right on the ice. The innards are precious gifts and are taken back to people of high status and guests.Planet Earth, a critically acclaimed documentary, tells of the impact climate change is having on the ecosystems of the Arctic from the perspective of a polar bear family. The bears are starved on the seaside since they have no sea lions and seals to hunt as glaciers are cracking.The Inuit people are meeting the same fate. Like others, Ajukutoq, a hunter, keeps on complaining to travelers that ice is fast thawing and they are losing the "platforms" they can stand on to hunt animals. They have to use modern fast boats to go further north and look for solid ice surfaces. As the whale population decreases and animals move northwards, whether or not the Inuit's traditional way of life can continue is thrown into question.Ajukutoq is an elected head of a small town. "Cold has never terrified us, but living on the 'welfare system of the Danish government has," he said.It's generally accepted that if the global temperature rises by 3℃, Greenland will be submerged, but outspoken opponents of diehard environmentalists argue that even if that temperature rises by 7"C, Greenland won't be wiped off the face of the earth. Such argument offers valid moral grounds for tapping the resources hidden under Greenland's ice sheet, and holds an obvious appeal for the people of Greenland who know precious resources lie under their feet but cannot tap those resources under the watchful eyes of the Danish government and environmentalists.1. According to the passage, the Little Ice Age caused ______.A. the extinction of several species B. a fundamental change in the way local people lived C. a drastic drop in temperature in a short period of time D. the disappearance of European settlements in southern Greenland2. What can be concluded about the Inuit people's way of life? ______A. Some people consider it healthy and conservative. B. It is given up by many young people for modern life. C. It has remained almost unchanged for hundreds of years. D. There is the possibility that it will become a memory in this century.3. According to Planet Earth, the immediate danger polar bears face is ______.A. starvation B. loss of habitat C. hunting activity D. unbearable heat4. Why does Ajukutoq **plaining to travelers?______A. Travelers produce too much waste. B. His fellow men have to go further north to hunt. C. Newly built factories produce pollution. D. Danish government doesn't treat them fairly.5. According to the last paragraph, why does the argument appeal to some Greenlanders?______A. It may have a soothing effect on their worried minds. B. It means that Greenland will not be submerged in the years to come. C. It may help change the Danish government's resource exploitation policy. D. It gives them the moral grounds for exploiting the resources under the ice sheet.Passage FourNow, we're always hearing about road accidents, and when we're in a car, we try to drive carefully, but how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road. I don't pretend to be an expert, but I've thought a lot about how and why these accidents happen and what we can do to prevent them.One of **monest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of electrical equipment, People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All this will cause accidents. So the rule about anything that works by electricity is: switch off before you touch anything and don't pretend you know when you actually don't.If you've got children on the house, it's always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach. Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind of drink. When there are older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy.Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And don't forget to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, may cause fire. So, you'd better give it up.Safety first may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble.1. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. people are always careless at using electrical equipment B. there will be less home accidents if people are more careful at using electrical equipment C. children and older people should be taken special care of D. the author is an expert who studies causes of home accidents2. One way to avoid fire accidents at home is to ______.A. dry clothes near fires B. knock over stoves C. leave stoves in the middle of rooms D. tell children to stay away from fire3. It's best to keep medicines in places that children can't ______.A. get in B. get on C. get to D. get over4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?______A. The first meaning of "safety" is "time and care". B. If you have a little more time, you should be more careful. C. In order to keep safe, it's worthwhile for people to be more careful and "waste" a little more time. D. "Safety" can also mean "trouble".5. The passage is mainly about ______.A. the importance of keeping safety B. **parison between the number of home accidents and road accidents C. the causes of home accidents and the ways to prevent them from happening D. the danger of home accidentsPassage FiveThe establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident.McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the fragile ecosystem **prises it. The day's events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet. The board was impressed with McConnell's idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated, "This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth—reminding us of Earth's beautiful systems of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore."Earth Day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. In 1970, Senator Gaylord Nelson, proposed an EarthWeek for the third week in April and together with Bruce Anderson, an architect of solar energy and environmental author, co-founded Earth Day USA. The first national Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22,1970. Twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12,000 college and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet we live on. Those celebrations led to overwhelming public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution.Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into all aspects of air; water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continue unabated with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem.1. This passage mainly discusses ______.A. how Earth Day originated and developed B. why Earth Day was set on the day of vernal equinox C. why John McConnell proposed the idea of Earth Day D. what the major public concern was in the 1970s2. Earth Day was first proposed to ______.A. reflect public concern for industrial pollution at the time B. call for legislation on environment C. achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem D. raise the public awareness of nature and the ecosystem3. The major concern of the first national Earth Day in the United States was ______.A. deforestation and desertization B. air pollution and water pollution C. agricultural waste and pesticide use D. industrial pollution and its effect4. According to the last paragraph, people have now realized ______.A. the establishment of the Earth Day can do little to save our planet B. the importance of protecting our environment and the ecosystem C. John McConnell's proposal played an important role in saving our planet D. the issues of concern of Earth Day have expanded greatly into all aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution5. The word "enduring" in the last sentence probably means ______.A. lasting B. tolerating C. strengthening D. deterioratingPART TWOⅡ.V ocabularyDirections: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.Since their first appearance on earth, men have gathered information and have attempted to pass useful ideas to other men. The carving of word-pictures on the walls of ancient caves as wellas hieroglyphics on stone tablets represent some of men's earliest efforts to convey information. Scenes of hunting, maps of battles, and the stories of heroes were put down for all to see.But as civilizations grew **plex, better methods of communication were needed. The written word, carrier pigeons, the telegraph, and many other devices carried ideas faster and faster from man to man. In recent years one type of machine, the **puter, has become increasingly important in the lives of all the people in the industrialized nations of the world. Computers are now widely used aids **munication, calculation, and other activities. Their effect becomes more important every day.New ways of helping with counting and recording information evolved. Marks of different kinds were taken to represent certain quantities, and other marks were taken to represent relationships between quantities.New devices to aid in the manipulation of numbers were developed.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we have now. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filling, distributing, and keeping track of records and publications can be as troublesome as calculating. Errors occur because men grow tired and can be distracted.1. the act of coming into view (Para. 1)2. to make ideas, views and feelings known to another person (Para. 1)3. the act or action of passing on or exchanging (Para. 2)4. something thought out, invented or adapted, for a special purpose (Para. 2)5. being caused to become industrially developed (Para. 2)6. something that helps (Para. 2)7. to (cause to) develop gradually (Para. 3)8. the act of operating controlling or handling (Para. 4)9. to divide among several or many (Para. 5)10. to draw somebody's attention away from something (Para. 5)Ⅲ.SummarizationDirections: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.1. Only this year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the No. 5 highroad. I was motoring up from the town and I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a **ing down, which swept round a sharp corner at 100 km/h and crashed into a **ing up. I witnessed an a______.2. If it is a good biography it brings its subject as vividly as if he were standing in the same room.A good biography is v______.3. "There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university," wrote John Mansfield in his tribute to English universities—and his words are equally true today. He admired the splendid beauty of the university, he said, because it was "a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see." The paragraph is about the u______ education.4. On your interview day, you should arrive at least half an hour earlier. Tell the secretary at thereception desk about your arranged interview as soon as you get there, and wait in the lounge just to relax. But while waiting, watch your posture. When your name is called, let your interviewer see a candidate full of confidence and ready for nothing else but the interview. T______ for interviewees.5. The fact is that the energy crisis has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile base. The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years ,or so at the present rate of use. The e______ crisis.6. Lest there be any doubt about the stakes involved, Trelease makes a bold claim. Reading, he says, is the single most important social factor in American life today. "The more you read, the smarter you grow. The longer you stay in school, the more money you earn. The more you earn, the better your children will do in school. So if you hook a child with reading, you influence not only his future but also that of the next generation." P______ impact of reading.7. Socialist countries also put much more stress on balancing the distribution of wealth than does the United States. Many services such as health care, housing and vacation trips are provided at little direct cost to citizens. Market s______ in socialist countries.8. Willpower is not some unchangeable characteristics we are born with. It is skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. Willpower can be n______.9. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides, large ocean waves or major fires that are initiated by the quake. Earthquake is r______ for vast amount of destruction.10. It takes time for them to prepare for the great changes that occur in space. When the spaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed, the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor. Later, when they leave the zone of the earth's gravitation, they are unable to stay in one place. Problems for astronauts to o______ when traveling to space.Ⅳ.TranslationDirections: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.1 The ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite life patterns that almost all people share. Today, when we live 20 years longer than our great-grandparents, and when women mysteriously outlive men by seven years, it is clearer than ever that the "game of life" is really a game of trade-offs. As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness, and passion for reason. These exchanges may not always seem fair, but at every age, there are some advantages. So it is reassuring to note that even if you've passed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years to experience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in time.WHEN ARE YOU SMARTEST? From 18 to 25, according to IQ scores; but you are more experienced with increasing age. 2 You're sharpest in your 20's; around 30, memory begins to decline, particularly your ability to perform **putations. "But your IQ for other tasks climbs," says Berkeley psychologist Arthur Jensen. Your vocabulary at age 45, for example, is three timesas great as when you graduated from college. At 60, your brain possesses almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. This trade-off between sharpness and wisdom has led psychologist Dr. Leopold Bellak to suggest that "maturity quotients" (MQs instead of IQs) be adopted for adults.WHEN ARE YOU HEALTHIEST? For men, from 15 to 25; for women 15 to 30."A man is in his best shape in the decade before age 25," says New York internist Dr. Donald Tomkins. 3 "His muscles are firmest, his resistance to colds and infection is highest, and his body is most efficient in utilizing nutrients." Women, for reasons scientists do not understand, get a five-year bonus. Peak health begins to decline when the body process called anabolism (cell growth)is overtaken by the opposite process, catabolism (cell death). "Cells have been dying since birth," says Tomkins, "but in our late 20's, they start dying faster than they are replaced." Also, muscle is replaced with fat.Women also get an additional bonus of good health later in life. The figures of National Institute of Health show that the onset of such "old age" diseases as arthritis, rheumatism and heart ailments denies the generally greater fitness of women. Life expectancy for men is now 68.3; for women 75.9. U. S. aging authority William Kannel says, "Older women with low blood pressure are practically important." However, psychologists believe that by entering **petitive job market in increasing numbers, women may eventually give up their statistical advantage.WHEN ARE YOU MOST LIKEL Y TO DEVELOP MENTAL DISORDERS? From 30 to 55. This surprisingly narrow peak is very real. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)reports that more than half of the patients in mental hospitals, male and female, are in this age group (men leading women by about 20%).4 But if we are most neurotic between 30 and 35, apparently we recover quickly. Admissions to mental hospitals drop sharply around age 40 and stay down until age 65. Yet, say psychologists, between 40 and 55, more people report they "feel" on the verge of a nervous breakdown. Relatively few actually occur. "We become veterans at coping," says psychologist Marvin Karlins.5 Suicide, a measure of mental problems, peaks from 20 to 24 and then again around 70. Incidences of suicide are smallest among people with intact marriages, highest among the divorced.1.2.3.4.5.。
自考_英语阅读(一)_0595 第一单元_课文及翻译
Unit11.A Day's WaitE. HemingwayHe came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move."What's the matter, Schatz?" "I've got a headache." "You better go back to bed." "No. I'm all right. ""You go to bed. I'll be you when I'm dressed."But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever."You go up to bed," I said, "You're sick." "I'm all right," he said.When the doctor came be took the boy's temperature. "What's is it?" I asked him. "One hundred and two."Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructio n for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative, the third to overcome a n acid condition. The germs of influenza can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He see med to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia.Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to give the va rious capsules."Do you want me to read to you?""All right. If you want to, " said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.I read aloud from Howard Pyle's Book of pirates; but I could see he was not following what I was r eading."How do you feel, Schatz?" I asked him. "Just the same, so far," he said.I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another caps ule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely."Why don't you try to sleep? I'll make you up for the medicine." "I'd rather stay awake."After a while he said to me, "You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you." "It doesn't bother me.""No, I mean you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you."I though perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleve n o'clock I went out for a while. It was a bright, cold day, the ground covered with a sleet that had frozen so that it seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice, I took the young Irish setter for a walk up the road an d along a frozen creek, but it was difficult to stand or walk on the glassy surface and the red dog s lipped and slithered and I fell twice, hard, once dropping my gun and having it slide away over th e ice.We flushed a covey of quail under a high clay bank with overhanging brush and I killed two as the y went out of sight over the top of the blank. Some of the covey lit in trees, but most of them scat tered into brush piles and it was necessary to jump on the ice-coated mounds of brush several ti mes before they would flush. Coming out while you were poised unsteadily on the icy, springy br ush they made difficult shooting and I killed two, missed five, and started back pleased to have fo und a covey close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day.At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room. "You can't come in, " he said. "You mustn't get what I have."I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the to ps of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.I took his temperature. "What is it?""Something like a hundred," I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths."It was a hundred and two," he said. "Who said so?" "The doctor.""Your temperature is all right," I said. "It's nothing to worry about." "I don't worry," he said, "but I can't keep from thinking." "Don't think," I said. "Just take it easy.""I'm taking it easy," he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himsel f about something."Take this with water.""Do you think it will do any good?" "Of course it will."I sat down and opened the Pirate book and commenced to read, but I could see he was not follo wing, so I stooped."About what time do you think I'm going to die?" he asked. "What?""About how long will it be before I die?""You aren't going die. What's the matter with you? " "Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred an d two.""People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk." "I know they do . At school in France the boys told me you can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred an d two."He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning."You poor Schatz," I said. "Poor old Schatz. It's like miles and kilometers. You aren't going to die. T hat's different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it's ninety-eight.""Are you sure?""Absolutely," I said, "It's like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?""Oh," he said.But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and t he next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.1.一天的等待我们还没起床时，走进房间关窗，我注意到他看起来病了。
英语阅读(二)自考题-17_真题-无答案
英语阅读(二)自考题-17(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PART ONEⅠ.Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, there are several passages. Following each passage, there are some questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneHorses are also able to learn many things too. Horses that are used for guard or police duty must learn never to be frightened of noises, traffic, and other disturbance. Racing horses are able to run much faster than other horses, but they are also quite high strung. Therefore, it is necessary for people who train them to be very patient and understanding.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are very far away and the trip is hard or dangerous. Men utilize this homing instinct to send messages on small pieces of paper that are fastened to the pigeon's back or legs. In wartime, pigeons have been known to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour and to cover distances of 500 to 600 miles. These homing pigeons begin their training when they are about four weeks old. After a few weeks they can begin flying and carrying messages. If all goes well, their flying career lasts about four years.Animals can learn to do many things that, while not necessarily useful, are very amusing to watch. In circuses, animals are taught to do the tricks that are **patible with their physical and temperamental make-up. Lions and tigers can be taught to leap and spring gracefully when told to do so, or to stay in place on command. Elephants learn to walk in line, to stand on their hind legs, to lie on their sides, and to stand on their head. They can also learn to dance.Another trainer had an elephant and a tiger, who after many weeks of living in the same cage,h became accustomed to each other. Then the tiger was taught to jump on the elephant's back. Both animals became so interested in the act (as well as the praise and food they re-ceived after the act) that they forgot they were natural enemies. Later a lion was added to the act. This also took a lot of training. However, when the three animals grew accustomed to each other they made a most successful circus act.Cinema and television use trained animals too. Some animals, such as skunks and foxes, are easy to film. All you have to do is to make a trail in front of the camera by dragging something that smells good to the animals over the ground. Big animals, such as lions and tigers, can bephotographed as they bound happily back to their families and dinner. If a movie actor is nearby, the well-trained animal will pay no attention to him. However, the audience may imagine that the actor escaped a terrible death by the skin of his teeth.1. Horses that are used for guard or police duty must learn ______.A. to be frightened of noises and traffic B. never to be frightened of noises and traffic C. to run as fast as possible when ordered D. to be very patient and understanding2. Which of the following is true about pigeons? ______A. Pigeons could have the ability of returning home after training. B. Pigeons carry messages that are only fastened to their wings. C. Pigeons can cover a distance of 500 or 600 miles in wartime. D. Pigeons begin their trainings when they are three weeks old.3. Lions and tigers can be taught to ______.A. walk in line B. leap and spring C. stand on their hind legs D. lie on their sides4. Which of the following is not true about the story of an elephant and a tiger? ______A. They can get along well with each other after training. B. They began to get accustomed to each other very soon. C. A lion could get along well with the tiger after training. D. The tiger jumped on the back of the elephant to attack it.5. Which way is not mentioned in the text for filming the animals? ______A. Making a trail before the camera with things smell good to the animals. B. Fixing a camera in the animals' home to film them while they are home. C. Photographing them as **e back to their families for dinner. D. Training the animals before going near to photograph each of them.Passage TwoIn a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly identical. One manufacturer's toothpaste tends to differ from another's. Thus manufacturers are confronted with a problem—how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumer's reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example, it may say the dentists recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth.Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essential boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example, the advertisers may personify cans of insecticide, and show them attacking mean-faced bugs. Ads of this sort are silly, but they also tend to be amusing. Advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun.Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you, may even be jealous, when they see you driving the hot, new Aardvark car.Another powerful desire to which advertisements appeal is the desire for love. Thus ads for bandages are unlikely to emphasize the way the bandages are made or their low cost; instead, the ads may show a mother tenderly binding up and then kissing her small boy's cut finger. In the picture there is an open package of Ouch Bandage. The advertiser hopes the consumer will mentally insert an equal sign to create the equation "Ouch Bandage=Love". One only needs to look through a magazine or watch an hour of TV in order to see examples of these three different advertising strategies.1. We can infer from the passage, when there are different brands of toothpaste ______.A. the products are different from each other B. the products are more or less the same C. those brands may have different market values D. those brands may vary only in name or color2. A scientific approach in ads may ______.A. impress the consumers more of the product B. mislead the consumers to buy the product C. keep the consumers well informed of the product D. help the consumers see the true value of the product3. "The potential buyer" (Para. 3) in this context probably refers to ______.A. those who may enjoy fun ads B. those who may be amused by the product C. those who may probably buy the product D. those who may be addicted to buying4. What is associated with bandages in the ads, according to paragraph 5? ______A. Human love from everyone. B. Sympathy from the majority. C. Mother's love for her child. D. Insertion of love in people's minds.5. What does the passage imply? ______A. People should have a clear mind not to be easily lured by the advertisements. B. More scientific methods should be used to make advertisements imaginative. C. Addressers should be cleverer to make their products attractive. D. People's desire can be more satisfied by the improved advertisements.Passage ThreeAre you among those who are eager to lose weight? As some people are crazy about keeping fit nowadays, different fitness methods are practiced in order to control their weight. However, some methods do not work and can even be dangerous. Let's find out the truth about some fitness myths together.Many people want to get and keep fit. Their intention is good, but the methods they use sometimes are not. During the past years, directions like "eat less to lose weight" have been regarded as good advice and have been spread widely. But in fact, such fitness methods are unhealthy—and even dangerous. Unfortunately, many people want to lose weight so badly thatthey will believe any advice—good or bad. Here are four of the **mon myths about getting and keeping fit."If I just eat less, I will lose weight." Many people only focus on the amount of food they take in each day. They don't pay attention to what they're eating. So they may be eating less, but they're not eating healthily. Be sure to eat a good balance of different foods, including vegetables, fruits, meat, milk, and bread or rice. What you eat is just as important as how much you eat."Running is all the exercise I need to lose weight." You need aerobic exercise to burn off your extra fat. But that alone doesn't help you get and keep fit. You must also lift weights to build muscle. You need both to get the most effective results."If I build muscle, I will gain weight." This is true. Muscle is denser than fat, so the same amount weighs more. But muscle also takes up less space. When you replace fat with muscle, you will look thinner and better."The miracle diets on TV will help me lose weight." These ads promise a miracle solution for losing weight. But usually the products don't live up to their promises and can even be dangerous. Don't waste your money on them.What is the best way to get and keep fit? Eat healthily and have a good balance of aerobic and muscle building exercises. Make your healthy lifestyle last for a whole lifetime, not just for a short while.1. Many people want to lose weight so badly that they ______.A. do fitness exercises everyday B. eat very little C. will believe any advice D. make sure they follow good advice2. Eating less ______.A. alone helps people keep fit B. does no good to health C. is as important as eating healthily D. is the only way to lose weight3. People need ______ to get the most effective results.A. aerobic exercise B. weight lifting C. both A and B D. neither A or B4. If people succeed in building muscle they will look ______.A. fatter B. thinner C. lighter D. denser5. Miracle diets on TV ______.A. are helpful to the loss of weight B. live up to their promises C. are usually unreliable D. are expensivePART TWOⅡ.V ocabularyDirections: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.(1)About three hundred years ago, there were approximately half a billion people in the world. Inthe two centuries that followed the population doubled, and, by 1850, there were more than a billion people in the world. It took only 75 years for the figure to double once more, so that now the population figure stands at approximately six and one half billion. Each day the population of the world increases by about 150,000.(2) In former centuries the population grew slowly. Famines, wars, and epidemics, such as the plague and cholera, killed many people. Today, although the birth rate has not changed significantly, the death rate has been lowered considerably by various kinds of progress.(3) Thus, at the same time that the industrial revolution made it possible to produce goods more cheaply and more quickly in factories, and agricultural revolution also took place. Instead of leaving fields empty every third year, farmers began to plant clover or some other crops that would enrich the soil. Instead of using only animal fertilizer, farmers began to use chemical fertilizers to keep the soil rich. These methods have enabled French farmers, for example, to get five times as much wheat as was obtained from the same land two centuries ago.(4) At the same time, constant progress has been going on in industry. Fifty years ago it took a day to assemble the pieces of an automobile. Today one factory can produce one car in a minute. Today, too, it takes only one textile worker to supervise the production of as much cotton cloth as 4,000 workers could have produced in the eighteenth century. Modern industry needs large numbers of specialized workers. The less specialized workers are gradually being replaced by new machines. Large quantities of raw materials, sometimes brought from halfway around the world, are also needed. To work the machines, energy must be supplied from sources such as coal, waterpower, electricity and oil. And to build, maintain and improve modern factories, great financial resources are necessary. A factory is often the property of a society or a government, rather than the property of one person.1. symbol for a number (para. 1)2. an extreme scarcity of food (para. 1)3. much; a great deal (para. 2)4. to make finer in quality (para. 3)5. material for enriching land (para. 3)6. happening all the time (para. 4)7. to fit or put together (something such as a machine) (para. 4)8. to keep watch over work and workers as the person in charge (para. 4)9. to pursue a special activity, or field of study (para. 4)10. to take place of (para. 4)Ⅲ.SummarizationDirections: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraph is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.Paragraph OneHigh salaries in the electricity, **munications and other monopoly industries have drawn strong criticism in China, where the Gini coefficient, now stands at 0.46, exceeding the internationally recognized alarm level of 0.45. So China is considering cut-ting wages in monopoly industries to reduce the country's widening income gap. A draft directive document hasbeen worked out for this purpose.1. The need to n ______ the income gap.Paragraph TwoThrough operating remote controls and TV sets, people can log onto the Internet, send and receive E-mails, order dishes, and transfer accounts. They can choose different watching angles and show supports to particular teams while watching televised football games. Of course these services are not free. Experts say pay-TV is a little different with digital TV, but both stand for the developing trend of China's television industry.2. The e ______ of pay-TV.Paragraph ThreeThis new kind of website is known as a "weblog", or "blog". A weblog is an online journal, typically consisting of a personal diary or social and **mentary, sometimes with replies from readers. Blogs **mon elements: updated frequently (usually daily); informal; grouped by date with links to archives of older posts.3. The passage talks about w ______.Paragraph FourA fashionable word in English these days is YAHOO, a word popularized by the Internet search engine carrying the same name. The original "yahoos" were quite different. They were the nasty, brutish, short and subhuman savages described in the Gulliver's Travels. Today they are diehard fans of the home team of any sport or sport enthusiasts who can't help loving the home team.4. How did the w ______ **e?Paragraph FiveOn your interview day, you should arrive at least half an hour earlier. Tell the secretary at the reception desk about your arranged interview as soon as you get there, and wait in the lounge just to relax. But while waiting, watch your posture. When your name is called, let your interviewer see a candidate full of confidence and ready for nothing else but the interview.5. T ______ for interviewees.Paragraph SixA BMW is designed to bring confidence and joy to every moment you spend behind the wheel. Over the vast blanket of hard-packed snow and ice during the winter months, to respond with lightning accuracy in each of these situations may be impossible for a human driver, but not for a BMW equipped with All Season Traction.6. Guarantee of s ______ for BMW drivers.Paragraph Seven"There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university," wrote John Mansfield in his tribute to English universities-and his words are equally true today. He admired the splendid beauty of the university, he said, because it was "a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see."7. The paragraph is about the u ______ education.Paragraph EightConsumers of electricity usually accept the fact that power cuts frequently occur during thunderstorms. If outages(电力中断)occur on a sunny day, consumers will blame the **pany. However, most outages occur due to circumstances beyond the **pany's control. Animals with theability to reach the top of power poles can knock out power of many houses.8. There are many c ______ for power failure.Paragraph NineA poll was taken recently surveying twelve hundred adults in the United States to find out what they considered important in their lives. Ninety-six per cent said that having a good family life was important. Ninety-five per cent said that using their mind and abilities was important, which marks a shift in the type of work from physical labor to mental skills.9. People's v ______ towards life.Paragraph TenSome people feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Many notice their anxiety but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some try to hide their nervousness; some become aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes.10. Different r ______ to tension when flying.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Ⅳ.Translation1. It's a mass of individuals, struggling to satisfy often—conflicting goals, who set the pace for the American system.2. To be able to afford these items and still have money left for nonessentials such as travel and entertainment, most families find themselves economizing and watching their pennies.3. Choices made in the economy involve a continuous tug of war between consumers and producers over price.4. Corporate leaders and economists are wondering how much regulation the market system can take before it loses its ability to respond to consumer needs.5. When prices climb faster than people's incomes, families sooner or later are forced to cut back on buying in order to make each end meet.6. However, all countries do not benefit to the same degree from this program in medicine and hygiene.7. The same type of populace concentration is true of other continents, although they are of- ten far less populated.8. Today, too, it takes only one textile worker to supervise the production of as much cotton cloth as 4,000 workers could have produced in the eighteenth century.9. A factory is often the property of a society or a government, rather than the property of oneperson.。
英语阅读(二)自考题-2_真题-无答案
英语阅读(二)自考题-2(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PART ONEⅠ.Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePeople take to alcohol for one reason or another. But what are the effects of it? It is well-known that alcohol makes people fat and leads to heart and breathing problems which fatness makes worse. It can interfere with normal eating patterns and cause painful stomach disorders. But the part of tile body which is in most danger from alcohol is the liver. Too much drinking can lead to diseases like hepatitis (肝炎) and cirrhosis (肝硬化) of the liver which, in turn, lead to death. But it isn't just the physical working of the body which is affected; the mental function is also damaged. In the short term, this usually involves loss of memory. The long-term consequences involve more serious brain damage.Then there are the psychological problems, those which arise from what is happening in the mind. Alcohol can change an individual's personality. We have seen how, without alcohol, the alcoholic (饮酒过度的人) becomes more nervous, more worded about his problems which may appear much more important than they actually are. His moods may change rapidly and violently. He often feels guilty and sorry for what he has done, but because he has lost control of himself, he continues to behave in a harmful way. In the end, he is unable to cope with even the simplest of his daily responsibilities which, of course, leads to all kinds of social problems.Often the ones who suffer most in such circumstances are not those who have the alcohol problem, but those closest to them—husband, wives and children. They are the family which may be very loving and sympathetic; the stress of having to cope with strain is too much and leads to the break-up of marriages or the abuse of children, which create further psychological and social pressures. The drinker suffers, too, as he watches his normal world fall down around him.1. It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ______.A. every person drinks alcohol for many reasons B. the death of the alcoholic is mostly caused by drinking C. alcohol not only causes heart and breathing problems but makes fatness worse D. taking to alcohol does damage to people both physically and mentally2. Which of the following statements is correct?______A. Alcohol always causes stomach problems. B. Alcohol can't influence people's normal eating patterns. C. All liver problems arise by drinking alcohol. D. Painful stomach disorders are sometimes caused by alcohol.3. The word "them" (Line 2, Para. 3) refers to ______.A. husbands, wives and children B. the ones C. those who have the alcohol problem D. such circumstances4. The sentence "as he watches his normal world fall down around him"(Line 5, Para. 3) means ______.A. he realizes that his life is collapsing but cannot do anything about them B. he is aware of the problems in his life but is unable to do anything about them C. he is far removed from his place in the normal world, which is from distance D. the drinker gets ill and many **e around him5. The best title of the passage is ______.A. Alcohol and Alcoholics B. Alcohol and Its Bad Effects C. Alcoholics and Their Families D. Alcoholics and Their LivesPassage TwoExcept for the Indians, the earliest backpackers in America were frontiersmen, who roamed the wilderness looking either for necessities such as food and water or for sources of wealth such as fur and gold. For them backpacking was a way of survival or a means of achieving what one day would be called the "American Dream".Today, however, many people enjoy backpacking as a recreational activity. Shouldering a pack and leaving behind the world of telephone, television, and traffic promise an exciting experience. Testing one's stamina (耐力) and skills is challenging, and recapturing a sense of one'splace in the natural world can be rewarding. Moreover, backpacking is an activity that can last any length for time and can be enjoyed alone or with friends. Then too, a backpacking trip may be organized within a day or two. The backpacker and his friends have only to decide on their destination and then organize the all-important kit, whose contents they must depend on throughout their trip. A map, compass, a flashlight, along with first aid equipment, food, and extra clothing can be rounded up without much difficulty. Once the backpackers have left word about where they go in a note on the refrigerator door or in a message on an answering machine, they can look forward to an adventure that will lift the spirit and nourish the soul. Their outing will enable them to return in a short time to the age of technology with the courage and independence of Natty Bumppo, who did indeed belong to the age of the frontier.1. The earliest backpackers were ______.A. native Americans B. Indians C. fur traders D. gold miners2. Early backpackers who roamed about in wilderness wanted to ______.A. find the American dream B. find a recreation in life C. relieve the stress of everyday life D. find daily necessities3. One of the advantages of backpacking is that ______.A. it can help people to know the naturebetter B. it is a group activity and can cure a person's loneliness C. it is not so challenging as other activities D. it does not require people to decide on a destination4. What does the word "whose" (Line 7, Para. 2) refer to?______A. The backpacker's. B. His friends'. C. The kit's. D. The backpacker's and his friends'.5. The passage mainly discusses ______.A. the early backpackers B. backpacking as a perfect form of recreation C. how backpacking started D. why people of today are interested in backpackingPassage ThreeThere are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large enterprise you have established "policies", "channels" of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large enterprise even the man at the top is only a tiny part in a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-sized business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In the large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.There is another important thing to consider: do you derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization-General Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more important to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is basic difference between the satisfaction **es from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one **es from being a member of a family; between impersonal greatness and personal—often much too personal—intimacy; between life in a small office on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.1. In a small enterprise ______.A. one gets more help from others in doing things than one in a big enterprise B. one usually has more chances of doing different things mostly single-handed C. all the people work secretly D. one can easily get his pay increased2. In a large enterprise ______.A. one's effectiveness is felt slowly B. one becomes famous easily C. the relationships between people are **plicated D. all the people are in high spirits in working3. The expression "a jack-of-all-trades and master of none" (Line 11, Para. 1) probably means ______.A. a person who is expert at everything B. a person who knows nothing about business C. a person who is competent of doing business D. a person who can do manydifferent kinds of work but not necessarily well4. What does the author mean by saying "once you are a little above the ground floor (Line 5, Para.1)"?______A. Once you stand up on the first floor. B. Once you are a little taller than others. C. Once you make some achievements. D. You keep a little high above the ground only one time.5. The second paragraph mainly discusses ______.A. a sense of satisfaction one wants to get from his work B. two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises C. how one becomes a member of a famous organization D. what family life isPassage FourPackaging is an important form of advertising. A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product. For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food **es in a box with a picture of a TV character. The child is more interested in the picture than in the breakfast food. Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or small gifts inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents for them.Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing. Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this. Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free. However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product.The size of a package also motivates a buyer. Maybe the package has "Economy Size" printed on it. This suggests that the large size has the most product for the least money. But that is not always true. To find out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit.The information on the package should provide some answers. But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement. The words and pictures do not tell the whole story. Only the product inside can do that.1. Which of the following statements could best summarize the main idea of the passage?______A. Children are interested in some packages of products. B. Package is one of the important ways of advertising. C. People prefer to buy the products in plain containers. D. The size of a package usually motivates a buyer.2. The phrase "a buyer will get something for nothing" (Line 1, Para. 2) probably means ______.A.a buyer will get something free of charge B. a buyer will get something useless C. a buyer will get something useful D. nothing is worth buying3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?______A. Sometimes people are easily motivated by packages. B. Small children sometimes are more interested in games printed on a package than the product itself. C. A product in a reusable container must be cheaper than a similar product in a plain container. D. "Economy Size" doesn't always suggest that people can buy the most product for the least money.4. What does the word "them" (Line 5, Para. 1) refer to?______A. Small gifts. B. Pictures. C. Games. D. Products.5. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?______A. Package is just an advertisement. B. Buyers shouldn't believe the information on the package too much. C. The package has nothing to do at all with the product. D. Buyers can always find answers in the information on the package.Passage FiveSometimes teens need to have some time away from their families. They may want to move out of the family home for a while.Many parents will say no to this demand. But experts say it might be a good idea to let your teens live with a friend or relative."It was the break I needed at the time," said Richard Lerner. He is talking about the time he spent living with his grandmother when he was 15."It allowed me to be a different person than I was with my parents." Lerner said. He now heads the Institute for Children, Youth and Families at Michigan State University.Experts say teens living away from their families can test new ways of thinking and getting along with people. They may see new solutions to problems.This is different from running away, the experts stress. Runaways are often fleeing serious problems.Some teens who want some time away from family attend a structured summer program. Others live for a while with a relative or with the family of a friend.If there is conflict at home, having a teen live elsewhere can benefit other family members. It gives everyone space redevelop better relationships.Joseph Kett teaches history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He says living at home until the late teen years has become the norm only in recent times."In the 17th century, children were often sent to live in other people's homes when they were about 10 or 11." he said.Peter Sheras teaches education at the University of Virginia. He said parents should listen when a child wants to move out. They should try to find out why the child wants some time away.Often, parents can help the child find a safe place to stay during that time. In other cases, they can meet the child's needs at home.1. According to this passage, many parents think it ______ for their children to live away from them.A. right B. happy C. unsafe D. reasonable2. When children seriously disagree with their parents, experts suggest that parents should ______.A. punish them B. let them live away from their families C. send for a teacher D. keep them in the house3. The underlined word "structured" means ______.A. built B. stuck C. organized D. drunk4. In history, ______.A. teens never left their families B. teens often left their parents C. teens never went to school D. teens never make friends with each other5. Nowadays living away and running away from home ______.A. never happen B. often worry parents and teachers C. are very popular D. are accepted by peoplePART TWOⅡ.V ocabularyDirections: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs. Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind, protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting down criminals. Horses are used in guarding herds; carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers work their land. Pigeons have long been used to carry messages. Wild animals from the jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circuses and movies. People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are very far away and the trip is hard of dangerous. Men utilize this homing instinct to send messages on small pieces of paper that are fastened to the pigeon's back or legs. In wartime, pigeons have been known to fly as fast as 75 miles an hour and to cover distances of 500 to 600 miles. These homing pigeons begin their training when they are about four weeks old. After a few weeks they can begin flying and carrying messages. If all goes well, their flying career lasts about four years.1. worthy of notice, unusual (Para. 1)2. things that are owned (Para. 1)3. a man who has broken the law (Para. 1)4. group of animals together (Para. 1)5. a tropical forest too thick to walk through easily (Para. 1)6. ability to learn and understand (Para. 1)7. clever, bright (Para. 2)8. tendency without training (Para. 2)9. to make use of (Para. 2)10. to travel a distance (Para. 2)Ⅲ.SummarizationDirections: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.1. When Tom felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom and talk darkly of going to the East to end his days as Buddhist monk. Ten minutes later, when something pleased him, he would rush out of doors and run around the garden, or jump up and down on the sofa. Tom had some emotional p______.2. Yale embarked on a steady expansion, establishing the Medical Institution (1810), Divinity School (1822), Law School (1843), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the School of Fine Arts (1869), and School of Music (1894). In 1887 Yale College became Yale University. It continued to add to its academic offerings with the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (1900), School of Nursing (1923), School of Drama (1955), School of Architecture (1972), and School of Management (1974). The e______ of Yale.3. Every culture has specific rules of courtesy and certain words for special situation. What are considered polite manners in one culture might he terribly rude in another. Using language p______ within its culture.4. High salaries in the electricity, **munications and other monopoly industries have drawn strong criticism in China, where the Gini coefficient, now stands at 0.46, exceeding the internationally recognized alarm level of 0.45. So China is considering cutting wages in monopoly industries to reduce the country's widening income gap. A draft directive document has been worked out for this purpose. The need to n______ the income gap.5. Living in the city, people can participate in the political and cultural activities and see the latest films. There are good schools for children to study in the city. And there are big department stores for residents to buy a great variety of goods produced in every part of the world. It's good to L______ in the city.6. His audience is surprised to hear that only 22 percent of eighth graders read for fun daily, while 65 percent watch three hours or more of television each day. Research also indicates that average reading proficiency drops when TV viewing reaches about three hours a day. Their parents' habits are no better: a recent survey shows a decline in newspaper readership among U. S. adults. I______ of television to reading.7. Consumers of electricity usually accept the fact that power cuts frequently occur during thunder-storms. If outages (电力中断) occur on a sunny day, consumers will blame the **pany. However, most outages occur due to circumstances beyond the **pany's control. Animals with the ability to reach the top of power poles can knock out power of many houses. There are many c______ for power failure.8. Love plays a very important part in this world today. It is difficult to imagine what they would be like if there were no love for each other. To live without l______ is miserable.9. Watching just one hour of television a day can make a person more violent towards others, according to a 25-year study. In some circumstances, TV watching increases the risk of violence by five times. The new research indicates the effect is seen not just in children, as has been suggested before, but in adults as well. L______ of TV viewing to adult violence.10. Education teaches a child to realize that he is not thrown into the world by chance, he has his part to play. He will learn what is useful to him and society at large. Education imparts a great deal of knowledge to his mind and encourages a child to work hard. The p______ of education.Ⅳ.TranslationDirections: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.1 Therefore, while the overall U. S. homicide rate has indeed declined in recent years, the rate of juvenile murder continues to grow, unabated by the spread of community policing, increased incarceration, and a variety of other popular crime-fighting strategies. In the overall crime mix, the sharp decline in crime among the large adult population has eclipsed the rising crime rate among the relatively small population of teens.2 The problem of kids with guns cannot be overstated in view of recent trends in gun-related killings among youth. Since the mid1980s, the number of gun-homicides—particularly with handguns-perpetrated by juveniles has quadrupled, while the prevalence of juvenile homicide involving all other **bined has remained virtually constant.While the negative socializing forces of drugs, guns, gangs, and the media have become more threatening, the positive socializing forces of family, school, religion, and neighborhood have grown relatively weak and ineffective. 3 Increasingly, children are being raised in homes disrupted by divorce and economic stress; too many children emerge undersocialized and undersupervised.4 The problem of unsupervised youth does not end nor the solution necessarily begin with the breakdown of the traditional family. Because of deep funding cuts in support programs for youth—from after-school care to recreation, from mentoring to education—as a society we are missing the fleeting opportunity to compensate for the diminished role of the family. As a consequence, children spend too little time engaged in structured activity with positive role models and too much time "hanging out" or watching a few savage killings on television as after-school entertainment. Bored and idle, our children have just too much time to kill—perhaps literally.As if the situation with youth violence was not bad enough already, future demographics are expected to make matters even worse. 5 Not only are today's violent teens maturing into more violent young adults, but they are being succeeded by a new and large group of teenagers. The same massive baby-boom cohort that as teenagers produced a crime wave in the 1970s has since grown up and had children of their own. There are now 39 million children in this country under the age of 10, more young children than at any time since the 1950s when the original baby boomers were in grade school. The newest group of youngsters will soon reach their adolescence.1.2.3.4.5.。
自考_英语阅读(一)_0595第二单元_课文及翻译
Unit23.Bringing up Children培养孩子Gerald Mosback Vivienne Mosback杰拉尔德.莫斯巴克维维恩.莫斯巴克It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his c haracter and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are c umulative. …Upbringing‟ is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is us ually distinguished by the term …education‟. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.一个人儿童时代的经历在很大程度上决定了他的性格和未来的个性，这一点是被大家所公认的。
童年的每一段经历都会教给孩子一些有价值的东西，并且其效果与日俱增。
“培养”常用来指孩子在家里所受到的待遇和训练；与此相关的是孩子在学校里所受到的待遇和训练，而后者通常用“教育”这个术语来界定。