大学英语中修辞手法归纳总结

篇一：大学英语修辞手法总结英语修辞手法总结4)personification/p??s?n?f??ken/: (拟人）it gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). for example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) hyperbole/ha?ˋp?b?l?/: (夸张） it is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. for instance, he almost died laughing.6) understatement: (含蓄陈述） it is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. it achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. for instance, it is no laughing matter.7)euphemism/ ?ju?f?m?z?m/: (委婉） it is the substitution of an agreeable orinoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. for instance, we refer to die as pass away.8) metonymy (转喻）it is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. for instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9)synecdoche[sinekd?ki] (提喻） it is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the 2whole for the part. for instance, they say theres bread and work for all. she was dressed in silks.10)antonomasia[??nt?nouˋm?i??](换喻）it has also to do with substitution. it is not oftenmentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. for example, solomon for a wise man. daniel for a wise and fair judge. judas for a traitor.11) pun: (双关语）it is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. for instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (here arms has two meanings:a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) syllepsis [silepsis]: (一语双叙） it has two connotations.in the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeingwith only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). for example, he addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (here us is used to refer to you and me.)in the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. for example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (here to losing ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13)zeugma[zju:gm?]: (轭式搭配） it is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. for example, the sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (here noon is not strong enough to burn) 14) irony/ ˋa?r?n?/: (反语） it is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. for instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.16) sarcasm: (讽刺） it sarcasm is a strong form of irony. it attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. for example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) paradox: (似非而是的隽语） it is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to 3established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. for example more haste, less speed.19) antithesis: (对照） it is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. for example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) epigram: (警句） it states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). it isusually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. for instance, few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) climax: (渐进）it is derived from the greek word for ladder and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps ofa ladder ascending evenly. for example, i came, i saw, i conquered.22) anti-climax or bathos: (突降）it is the opposite of climax. it involves stating ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weightyto light or frivolous. for instance, but thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) apostrophe：(顿呼） in this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. for instance, england! awake! awake! awake!24) transferred epithet: (转类形容词） it is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. for instance, i spent sleepless nights on my project.25) alliteration: (头韵） it has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. it is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called front rhyme. for instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) onomatopoeia: (拟声） it is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement4explanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。