牛津高中英语语法复习(模块1-模块4)

牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1-模块4）语法复习一：定语从句（一）定义1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent 1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词关系代词定语从句 2) You must do everything that I do.先行词关系代词定语从句(二)：关系代词的作用; 1.连接主句和从句。

2.代表被修饰的先行词。

3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。

eg. This is the roomwhich I lived in last year.先行词关系代词定语从句(三)：定语从句中有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as.关系副词when, where, why 等引导定语从句。

关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从This is the place wherewe work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. )注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。

This is the place where work.（vi.）(关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)This is the place which we visited. (vt. )（五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。

非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

He has a brother who is a physicist.He has a brother, who is a physicist.(只有一个)He returned all the books which are written in English.He returned all the books,which are written in English.I will wear no clothes which will be out of ordinary.I will wear no clothes, which will be out of ordinary.The man who lives next door is a doctor.My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.I’m sure I know the person who served me.Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant.A student who studies hard will make good progress.The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.（六）关系代词that和which的区别<1>．只能用that的情况(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.Everything that we saw was interesting.I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.All that is needed is a supply of oil.(2) 如果先等词被all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which. 例如：I read all the books that you gave to me.This is the only money that I have in my pocket.All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project.(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用that,不用which。

This is the first book that was written in English.This is the last factory that I visited.This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the funniest thing that I ever heard.(4)如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.This is the only book that I really like.He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。

而不用who, which.例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.Who is the person that is standing there?Which of us that knows English doesn’t know this?which of the novel do you like best?(7)关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.It took us many years to make the city that it is today.He is not the man that he used to be.China isn’t the countr y it used to be.(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that .Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water.(9) 当主句“there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。

There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers.(10) 当先行词是“to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday.<2>．只能用which的情况1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.Bei jing , which is china’s capital, is rich in culture.2)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。

不能用关系代词that。

That pen which he took is mine.A shop should keep those goods which sells well.3)介词后只用whichThis is the room in which he lived.I don’t know the man to whom you talked.The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，不用that..例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5)先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?(6) 关系代词后面有插入语时，益用关系代词which.Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.<3>．只用who, whom.而不用that的情况(1)如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,those, ones等时，关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which .that。

例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?People all like those who have good manners.（2）当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

Mr. Smith came to visit my family, who were watching TV then.Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中，宜用关系代词whoPro. Wang is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.(4) 当先行词用-body 或-one 构成的复合不定代词时，关系代词用whoWe’d better not believe in anyone who we don’t know.(5) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用whoThe aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.（七）．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。