英国文学期末考试重点

一、english renaissance 文艺复兴

1、william shakespeare 威廉。莎士比亚Sonnets 骚体十四行诗五步抑扬格

四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）、《李尔王》（King Lear）。

四大喜剧：《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of venice）、《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night）。

To be or not to be.That is a question. 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。（哈姆雷特）

Hamlet is the greatest tragedy of his hamlet,the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind.

二、17世纪早期

2、John Dunn约翰·多恩“玄学派诗人” Metaphysical poets

“Song”、“devotions upon emergent occasions”紧急时刻祈祷文、“poems”诗歌

“The flea”跳蚤（男主人公试图劝诱情人放弃无用的贞操观，与他及时行乐）

3、jone milton 约翰。弥尔顿英国文学巨匠

“On the morning of christ’s nativity”圣诞清晨歌、“areopagitica”论出版自由“When I consider how my light is spent”(十四行诗)

“Paradise lost”失乐园无韵体五步抑扬格

（the story of Satan’s rebellion against God, and of the disobedience and fall of Adam and Eve. It is the only generally acknowledged epic in english literature since Beowulf.）

三、复辟和十八世纪

4、daniel defoe 丹尼尔。笛福英国报刊业的奠基人和现实主义小说家

“The trueborn englishman”真正的英国人、“the shortest way with the dissenters”消灭不同教派的捷径、“hymn to the pillory”立枷颂、“captain singleton”辛格尔顿船长、“moll flanders”摩尔。弗兰德斯、“Robinson crusoe”鲁滨逊漂流记(the novel eulogizes the hero of the hard-working class, and shows his sympathy for the poor and the unfortunate in his society.)

Spirit: indomitable(不屈不饶的)、adventurous、independent

To-day we love what to-morrow we hate; to-day we seek what to-morrow we shun; to-day we desire what tomorrow we fear.(我们今天所爱的，往往是我们明天所恨的；我们今天所追求的，往往是我们明天所逃避的；我们今天所愿望的，往往是我们明天所害怕的。)

5、jonathan swift 乔纳森。斯威夫特satire(讽刺文学)、prose（散文）

“A tale of a tub”一只桶的故事、“the battle of books”书籍之战、“drapier’letter”布商来信、

“A modest proposal”一个温和的建议、“verses on the death of dr. swift”斯威夫特博士死亡之诗

“Gulliver’s travels “格列佛游记is designed to ridicule all false taste in learning. But it comes to criticize the dirty society and ugly human nature. It gives a severe and full attack on the english government, society, religion, monarchism, parties and colonialism, and express the auther’s wish of clean politics, humane and virtuous monarch.

6、alexander pope 亚历山大。蒲伯

新古典主义的代表neoclassical poet 讽刺诗人作家verse satirist

“The rape of the lock”夺发记、“windsor forest”温莎森林、“the dunciad”愚人记“An essay on criticism”论批评the well-received poem cemented his reputation. Its flawless texture and profound critical insights struck the literary world. It expresses Pope’s opinions about the critic s’duties and

functions. It is a brilliant and comprehensive study of literary criticism, a guide to the poets’and critics’art, written in heroic couplet.

To err is human, to forgive, divine.人非圣贤孰能无过。

A little learning is a dangerous thing. 一知半解煞是危险。

While from the bounded level of our mind. Short views we take, nor see the lengths behind. 叹才疏学浅，困于识陋；目光即短，瞻前而忘后。

四、浪漫主义

7、william wordsworth威廉。华兹华斯英国最伟大的浪漫主义诗人、英国“桂冠诗人”“湖畔诗人”（与coleridge、southey）“lyrical ballads”抒情歌谣集

“prelude”序曲、

①作者评价：he has not only started the modern portry,the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of english poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.

②“S he dwelt among the untrodden ways”(她在幽径中) is the best known of his five “lucy” poems. The identity of “lucy” is a mystery. No matter who lucy is, the poet expresses his ardent love for her and his intense grief over her death.

③“I wondered lonely as a cloud”(我似一朵孤独的流云) is one of the loveliest and most famous poems in the wordsworth canon. It was a emotional experience in nature.

Such unexpected beauty and consistency of nature impress the speaker so much that he not only shows his exhilaration but also turns to contemplation of the scene which he has stored in jis memory. He shows his reflection of the philosophical depth of his mind under then enchantment of nature.

④”the solitary reaper””(孤独的割麦女) it shows that the girl’s singing deeply moved the traveler and kept lingering in his heart. he writes specifically about real human music in a beloved rustic setting.

8、samuel taylor coleridge塞缪尔。泰勒。柯勒津治lake poet、literary critic、philosopher

“christable”克里斯特贝尔、“biographia literaria”文学传记

“The rime of the ancient mariner”老水手谣/古舟子咏

“kubla khan”忽必烈汗was composed in a dream after the poet took the poium. The poet was reading about Kubla Klan when he fell asleep. When he awoke, he wrote down the images of the river, of the magnificent palace and a girl playing a dulcimer and singing.

9、jane austen简。奥斯丁现实主义小说家irony反讽

（austen’s works are comedies of manners that depict the self-contained world of provincial ladies and gentlemen who appear in domestic settings. The style of austen is easy and effortless and the plot of her works is tight and well desighed. Her ingenious dialogues, subtle irony, brilliant wit, vivid characters, clear descriptive writing style, penetrating analysis and moral firmness all account for the great popularity of her works.）Sense and sensibility理智与情感、mansfield park曼斯菲尔德庄园、emma 爱玛

Pride and prejudice傲慢与偏见(which was originally drafed as First Impressions, mainly tells of the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet. the whole story portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day,and focus on the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and the haught Darcy. Their relationship begins with the initial misunderstandings