F16战斗机PPT模板免费下载
战斗机发展与特点ppt课件
投入英空、海军使用 • 澳大利亚将购买100架 • 英、意、荷、加、土、澳、丹、荷等8国家投资参与，
新加坡、以色列参与研究 • 研制费用超过2000亿美元
F-35
2006年7月7日F-35正式亮相 并命名为“闪电Ⅱ”
发扬北航勇于攀登科技高峰的优良传统
发扬北航勇于攀登科技高峰的优良传统
涡喷-11型涡轮喷气发动机
发扬北航勇于攀登科技高峰的优良传统
涡喷-11发动机
• 我院师生在对被我击落的高空无人驾驶侦察机发动机残骸分析研究的基础 上，研制出短寿命的涡轮喷气发动机，并被命名为 “涡喷-11” 发动机。
• 用涡喷-11为动力的“无侦五”飞机于1980年定型，1981年交付部队使用。 • 涡喷-11己在某厂批量生产，为我国国防建设作出了卓越贡献。 • 我院还在不断改进涡喷-11的性能，扩大其应用范围。
加油机
空中加油
JSF F-35 空中加油
歼-10战斗机空中加油
第 3.5 代战斗机
（无超声速巡航能力）
欧洲四国的 EF2000“台风”
法国的“阵风”
我国航空现状
建国60年，航空工业如同其它行业一样， 有突飞猛进的发展，共生产各种飞机 16000 余架，发动机 6 万余台，导弹 2万发；出口 飞机1300余架，援赠国外1000余架。
一般战斗机只有在发动机开加力时才能超过 声速，但加力时燃料消耗量猛增，只能短时 间工作；“巡航”意味飞机要长时飞行，因 此超声速巡航要求发动机不开加力，而使飞 机飞行速度超过声速，难度极大。
F-22巡航速度为声速的1.5倍左右。
第 4 代战斗机主要特点
美国F-16猎鹰战斗机
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting FalconThe General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) F-16 Fighting Falcon is a single-engine multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF). Designed as an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful all-weather multirole aircraft. Over 4,500 aircraft have been built since production was approved in 1976. Although no longer being purchased by the U.S. Air Force, improved versions are still being built for export customers. In 1993, General Dynamics sold its aircraft manufacturing business to the Lockheed Corporation, which in turn became part of Lockheed Martin after a 1995 merger with Martin Marietta.The Fighting Falcon has key features including a frameless bubble canopy for better visibility, side-mounted control stick to ease control while maneuvering, a seat reclined 30 degrees to reduce the effect of g-forces on the pilot, and the first use of a relaxed static stability/fly-by-wire flight control system helps to make it a nimble aircraft. The F-16 has an internal M61 Vulcan cannon and 11 locations for mounting weapons and other mission equipment. The F-16's official name is "Fighting Falcon", but "Viper" is commonly used by its pilots, due to a perceived resemblance to a viper snake as well as the Battlestar Galactica Colonial Viperstarfighter.In addition to active duty U.S. Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command, and Air National Guard units, the aircraft is also used by the USAF aerial demonstration team, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, and as an adversary/aggressor aircraft by the United States Navy. The F-16 has also been procured to serve in the air forces of 25 other nations.DesignOverviewThe F-16 is a single-engine, very maneuverable, supersonic, multi-role tactical fighter aircraft; it was designed to be a cost-effective combat "workhorse" that can perform various missions and maintain around-the-clock readiness. It is much smaller and lighter than predecessors, but uses advanced aerodynamicsand avionics, including the first use of a relaxed static stability/fly-by-wire (RSS/FBW) flight control system, to achieve enhanced maneuver performance. Highly nimble, the F-16 was the first fighter aircraft purpose-built to pull 9-g maneuvers and can reach a maximum speed of over Mach 2. Innovations include a frameless bubble canopy for better visibility, side-mounted control stick, and reclined seat to reduce g-force effects on the pilot. It is armed with an internal M61 Vulcan cannon in the left wing root and has multiple locations for mounting various missiles, bombs and pods. It has a thrust-to-weight ratio greater than one, providing power to climb and accelerate vertically.The F-16 was designed to be relatively inexpensive to build and simpler to maintain than earlier-generation fighters. The airframe is built with about 80% aviation-grade aluminum alloys, 8% steel, 3% composites, and 1.5% titanium. The leading-edge flaps, stabilators, and ventral fins make use of bonded aluminium honeycomb structures and graphite epoxy lamination coatings. The number of lubrication points, fuel line connections, and replaceable modules is significantly lower than predecessors; 80% of access panels can be accessed without stands. The air intake was placed so it was rearward of the nose but forward enough to minimize air flow losses and reduce aerodynamic drag.Although the LWF program called for a structural life of 4,000 flight hours, capable of achieving 7.33 g with 80% internal fuel; GD's engineers decided to design the F-16's airframe life for 8,000 hours and for 9-g maneuvers on full internal fuel. This proved advantageous when the aircraft's mission changed from solely air-to-air combat to multi-role operations. Changes in operational use and additional systems have increased weight, necessitating multiple structural strengthening programs.General configurationThe F-16 has a cropped-delta planform incorporating wing-fuselage blending and forebody vortex-control strakes; a fixed-geometry, underslung air intake to the single turbofan jet engine; a conventional tri-plane empennage arrangement with all-moving horizontal "stabilator" tailplanes; a pair of ventral fins beneath the fuselage aft of the wing's trailing edge; and a tricycle landing gear configuration with the aft-retracting, steerable nose gear deploying a short distance behind the inlet lip. There is a boom-style aerial refueling receptacle located behind the single-piece "bubble" canopy of the cockpit. Split-flap speedbrakes are located at the aft end of the wing-body fairing, and an tailhook is mounted underneath the fuselage. A fairing beneath the rudder often houses ECM equipment or a drag chute. Later F-16 models feature a long dorsal fairing along the fuselage's "spine", housing additional equipment or fuel.Aerodynamic studies in the 1960s demonstrated that the "vortex lift" phenomenon could be harnessed by highly swept wing configurations to reach higher angles of attack, using leading edge vortex flow off a slender lifting surface. As the F-16 was being optimized for high combat agility, GD's designers chose a slender cropped-delta wing with a leading edge sweep of 40°and a straight trailing edge. To improve maneuverability, a variable-camber wing with a NACA 64A-204 airfoil was selected; the camber is adjusted by leading-edge and trailing edge flaperons linked to a digital flight control system (FCS) regulating the flight envelope. The F-16 has a moderate wing loading, reduced by fuselage lift. The vortex lift effect is increased by leading edge extensions, known asstrakes. Strakes act as additional short-span, triangular wings running from the wing root (the juncture with the fuselage) to a point further forward on the fuselage. Blended into the fuselage and along the wing root, the strake generates a high-speed vortex that remains attached to the top of the wing as the angle of attack increases, generating additional lift and allowing greater angles of attack without stalling. Strakes allow a smaller, lower-aspect-ratio wing, which increases roll rates and directional stability while decreasing weight. Deeper wingroots also increase structural strength and internal fuel volume.ArmamentEarly F-16s could be armed with up to six AIM-9 Sidewinder heat-seeking short-range air-to-air missiles (AAM), including rail launchers on each wingtip. Some F-16s can employ the AIM-7 Sparrow medium-range AAM; more recent versions can equip the AIM-120 AMRAAM. It can also carry other AAMs; a wide variety of air-to-ground missiles, rockets or bombs; electronic countermeasures (ECM), navigation, targeting or weapons pods; and fuel tanks on 9 hardpoints –six under the wings, two on wingtips, and one under the fuselage; two other locations under the fuselage are available for sensor or radar pods. The F-16 carries a 20 mm (0.787 in) M61A1 Vulcan cannon for close range aerial combat and strafing.Negative stability and fly-by-wireThe F-16 was the first production fighter aircraft intentionally designed to be slightly aerodynamically unstable, also known as "relaxed static stability" (RSS),to improve maneuverability. Most aircraft are designed with positive static stability, which induces aircraft to return to straight and level flight attitude if the pilot releases the controls; this reduces maneuverability as the inherent stability has to be overcome. Aircraft with negative stability are designed to deviate from controlled flight and thus be more maneuverable. At supersonic speeds the F-16 gains stability (eventually positive) due to aerodynamic changes.To counter the tendency to depart from controlled flight—and avoid the need for constant trim inputs by the pilot, the F-16 has a quadruplex (four-channel) fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system (FLCS). The flight control computer (FLCC) accepts pilot input from the stick and rudder controls, and manipulates the control surfaces in such a way as to produce the desired result without inducing control loss. The FLCC conducts thousands of measurements per second on the aircraft's flight attitude to automatically counter deviations from the pilot-set flight path; leading to a common aphorism among pilots: "You don't fly an F-16; it flies you."The FLCC further incorporates limiters governing movement in the three main axes based on attitude, airspeed and angle of attack (AOA); these prevent control surfaces from inducing instability such as slips or skids, or a high AOA inducing a stall. The limiters also prevent maneuvers that would exert more than a 9 g load. Flight testing has revealed that "assaulting" multiple limiters at high AOA and low speed can result in an AOA far exceeding the 25° limit, colloquially referred to as "departing"; this causes a deep stall; a near-freefall at 50° to 60° AOA, either upright or inverted. While at a very high AOA, the aircraft's attitude is stable but control surfaces are ineffective; the pitch limiter locks the stabilators at an extreme pitch-up or pitch-down attempting to recover, this can be overridden so the pilot can "rock" the nose via pitch control to recover.Unlike the YF-17, which had hydromechanical controls serving as a backup to the FBW, General Dynamics took the innovative step of eliminating mechanical linkages between the control stick and rudder pedals, and the flight control surfaces. The F-16 is entirely reliant on its electrical systems to relay flight commands, instead of traditional mechanically-linked controls, leading to the early moniker of "the electric jet". The quadruplex design permits "graceful degradation" in flight control response in that the loss of one channel renders the FLCS a "triplex" system. The FLCC began as an analog system on the A/B variants, but has been supplanted by a digital computer system beginning with the F-16C/D Block 40. The F-16's controls suffered from a sensitivity to static electricity or electrostatic discharge (ESD). Up to 70–80% of the C/D models' electronics were vulnerable to ESD.Cockpit and ergonomicsA key feature of the F-16's cockpit is the exceptional field of view. The single-piece, bird-proof polycarbonate bubble canopy provides 360°all-round visibility, with a 40° look-down angle over the side of the aircraft, and 15° down over the nose (compared to the common 12–13° of preceding aircraft); the pilot's seat is elevated for this purpose. Furthermore, the F-16's canopy lacks the forward bow frame found on many fighters, which is an obstruction to a pilot's forward vision. The F-16's ACES II zero/zero ejection seat is reclined at an unusual tilt-back angle of 30°; most fighters have a tilted seat at 13–15°. The tilted seat can accommodate taller pilots and increases G-force tolerance; however it has been associated with reports of neck ache, possibly caused by incorrect head-rest usage. Subsequent U.S. fighters have adopted more modest tilt-back angles of 20°. Due to the seat angle and the canopy's thickness, the ejection seat lacks canopy-breakers for emergency egress; instead the entire canopy is jettisoned prior to the seat's rocket firing.The pilot flies primarily by means of an armrest-mounted side-stick controller (instead of a traditional center-mounted stick) and an engine throttle; conventional rudder pedals are also employed. To enhance the pilot's degree of control of the aircraft during high-g combat maneuvers, various switches andfunction controls were moved to centralised "hands on throttle-and-stick (HOTAS)" controls upon both the controllers and the throttle. Hand pressure on the side-stick controller is transmitted by electrical signals via the FBW system to adjust various flight control surfaces to maneuver the F-16. Originally the side-stick controller was non-moving, but this proved uncomfortable and difficult for pilots to adjust to, sometimes resulting in a tendency to "over-rotate" during takeoffs, so the control stick was given a small amount of "play". Since introduction on the F-16, HOTAS controls have become a standard feature on modern fighters.The F-16 has a head-up display (HUD), which projects visual flight and combat information in front of the pilot without obstructing the view; being able to keep his head "out of the cockpit" improves a pilot's situation awareness. Further flight and systems information are displayed on multi-function displays (MFD). The left-hand MFD is the primary flight display (PFD), typically showing radar and moving-maps; the right-hand MFD is the system display (SD), presenting information about the engine, landing gear, slat and flap settings, and fuel and weapons status. Initially, the F-16A/B had monochrome cathode ray tube (CRT) displays; replaced by color liquid-crystal displays on the Block 50/52. The MLU introduced compatibility with night-vision goggles (NVG). The Boeing Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) is available from Block 40 onwards, for targeting based on where the pilot's head faces, unrestricted by the HUD, using high-off-boresight missiles like the AIM-9X.Fire-control radarThe F-16A/B was originally equipped with the Westinghouse AN/APG-66fire-control radar. Its slotted planar array antenna was designed to be compact to fit into the F-16's relatively small nose. In uplook mode, the APG-66 uses a low pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) for medium- and high-altitude target detection in a low-clutter environment, and in look-down/shoot-down employs a medium PRF for heavy clutter environments. It has four operating frequencies within the X band, and provides four air-to-air and seven air-to-ground operating modes for combat, even at night or in bad weather. The Block 15's APG-66(V)2 model added a more powerful signal processing, higher output power, improved reliability and increased range in cluttered or jamming environments. The Mid-Life Update (MLU) program introduced a new model, APG-66(V)2A, which features higher speed and more memory.The AN/APG-68, an evolution of the APG-66, was introduced with the F-16C/D Block 25. The APG-68 has greater range and resolution, as well as 25 operating modes, including ground-mapping, Doppler beam-sharpening, ground moving target indication, sea target, and track while scan (TWS) for up to 10 targets. The Block 40/42's APG-68(V)1 model added full compatibility with Lockheed Martin Low-Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infra-Red for Night (LANTIRN) pods, and a high-PRF pulse-Doppler track mode to provide continuous-wave radar (CW) target illumination for semi-active radar-homing (SARH) missiles like the AIM-7 Sparrow. Block 50/52 F-16s initially used the more reliable APG-68(V)5 which has a programmable signal processor employing Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) technology. The Advanced Block 50/52 (or 50+/52+) are equipped with the APG-68(V)9 radar, with a 30% greater air-to-air detection range and asynthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode for high-resolution mapping and target detection-recognition. In August 2004, Northrop Grumman were contracted to upgrade the APG-68 radars of Block 40/42/50/52 aircraft to the (V)10 standard, providing all-weather autonomous detection and targeting for Global Positioning System (GPS)-aided precision weapons, SAR mapping and terrain-following radar (TF) modes, as well as interleaving of all modes.The F-16E/F is outfitted with Northrop Grumman's AN/APG-80 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. Northrop Grumman developed the latest AESA radar upgrade for the F-16 (selected for USAF and Taiwan Air Force F-16 upgrades), named the Scalable Agile Beam Radar (SABR). In July 2007, Raytheon announced that it was developing a Next Generation Radar (RANGR) based on its earlier AN/APG-79 AESA radar as a competitor to Northrop Grumman's AN/APG-68 and AN/APG-80 for the F-16.PropulsionThe initial powerplant selected for the single-engined F-16 was the Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-200 afterburning turbofan, a modified version of the F-15'sF100-PW-100, rated at 23,830 lbf (106.0 kN) thrust. During testing, the engine was found to be prone to compressor stalls and "rollbacks," wherein the engine's thrust would spontaneously reduce to idle. Until resolved, the Air Force ordered F-16s to be operated within "dead-stick landing" distance of its bases. It was the standard F-16 engine through the Block 25, except for new-build Block 15s with the Operational Capability Upgrade (OCU). The OCU introduced the 23,770 lbf (105.7 kN) F100-PW-220, later installed on Block 32 and 42 aircraft: the main advance being a Digital Electronic Engine Control (DEEC) unit, which improved reliability and reduced stall occurrence. Beginning production in 1988, the "-220" also supplanted the F-15's "-100", for commonality. Many of the "-220" engines on Block 25 and later aircraft were upgraded from 1997 onwards to the "-220E" standard, which enhanced reliability and maintainability; unscheduled engine removals were reduced by 35%.The F100-PW-220/220E was the result of the USAF's Alternate Fighter Engine (AFE) program (colloquially known as "the Great Engine War"), which also saw the entry of General Electric as an F-16 engine provider. Its F110-GE-100 turbofan was limited by the original inlet to thrust of 25,735 lbf (114.5 kN), the Modular Common Inlet Duct allowed the F110 to achieve its maximum thrust of 28,984 lbf (128.9 kN). (To distinguish between aircraft equipped with these two engines and inlets, from the Block 30 series on, blocks ending in "0" (e.g., Block 30) are powered by GE, and blocks ending in "2" (e.g., Block 32) are fitted with Pratt & Whitney engines.)The Increased Performance Engine (IPE) program led to the 29,588 lbf (131.6 kN) F110-GE-129 on the Block 50 and 29,160 lbf (129.4 kN) F100-PW-229 on the Block 52. F-16s began flying with these IPE engines in the early 1990s. Altogether, of the 1,446 F-16C/Ds ordered by the USAF, 556 were fitted with F100-series engines and 890 with F110s. The United Arab Emirates’ Block 60 is powered by the General Electric F110-GE-132 turbofan, which is rated at a maximum thrust of 32,500 lbf (144.6 kN), the highest developed for the F-16.VariantsThe F-16C (single seat) and F-16D (two seat) variants entered production in 1984. The first C/D version was the Block 25 with improved cockpit avionics and radar which added all-weather capability with beyond-visual-range (BVR) AIM-7 and AIM-120 air-air missiles. Block 30/32, 40/42, and 50/52 were later C/D versions. The F-16C/D had a unit cost of US$18.8 million (1998). Operational cost per flight hour has been estimated at $7,000 to $22,470 or $24,000, depending on calculation method.F-16E/FThe F-16E (single seat) and F-16F (two seat) are newer F-16 variants. The Block 60 version is based on the F-16C/D Block 50/52 and has been developed especially for the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It features improved AN/APG-80 active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, avionics, conformal fuel tanks (CFTs), and the more powerful GE F110-132 engine.F-16INFor the Indian MRCA competition for the Indian Air Force, Lockheed Martinoffered the F-16IN Super Viper. The F-16IN is based on the F-16E/F Block 60 and features conformal fuel tanks; AN/APG-80 AESA radar, GE F110-132A engine with FADEC controls; electronic warfare suite and infra-red searching (IRST); updated glass cockpit; and a helmet-mounted cueing system. As of 2011, the F-16IN is no longer in the competition.F-16IQIn September 2010, the Defense Security Cooperation Agency informed the United States Congress of a possible Foreign Military Sale of 18 F-16IQ aircraft along with the associated equipment and services to the newly reformed Iraqi Air Force. Total value of sale is estimated at US$4.2 billion.F-16NThe F-16N is an adversary aircraft operated by the U.S. Navy. It is based on the standard F-16C/D Block 30 and is powered by the General Electric F110-GE-100 engine. However, the F-16N has a strengthened wing and is capable of carrying an Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation (ACMI) pod on the starboard wingtip. Although the single-seat F-16Ns and twin-seat (T)F-16Ns are based on the early-production small-inlet Block 30 F-16C/D airframe, they retain the APG-66 radar of the F-16A/B. In addition, the aircraft's 20 mm cannon has been removed, as has the ASPJ, and they carry no missiles. Their EW fit consists of an ALR-69 radar warning receiver (RWR) and an ALE-40 chaff/flare dispenser. The F-16Ns and (T)F-16Ns have the standard Air Force tailhook and undercarriage and are not aircraft carrier capable. Production totaled 26 airframes, of which 22 are single-seat F-16Ns and 4 are twin-seat TF-16Ns. The initial batch of aircraft were in service between 1988 and 1998. At that time, hairline cracks were discovered in several bulkheads and the Navy did not have the resources to replace them, so the aircraft were eventually retired, with one aircraft sent to the collection of the National Naval Aviation Museum at NAS Pensacola, Florida, and the remainder placed in storage at Davis-Monthan AFB. These aircraft were later replaced by embargoed ex-Pakistani F-16C/Ds in 2003. The original inventory of F-16Ns were previously operated by adversary squadrons at NAS Oceana, Virginia; NAS Key West, Florida and the former NAS Miramar, California. The current aircraft are operated by the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center at NAS Fallon, Nevada.F-16VAt the 2012 Singapore Air Show Lockheed Martin unveiled plans for the newF-16V variant with the V suffix referencing its Viper nickname. It is to feature an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, a new mission computer and electronic warfare suite, and various cockpit improvements; this package can be retrofitted to previous F-16s, including the Block 60.QF-16In September 2013, an unmanned F-16 tested by Boeing and US Air Force, with two US Air Force pilots controlling the airplane from the ground as it flew from Tyndall AFB over the Gulf of Mexico.SpecificationsCrew: 1Length: 49 ft 5 in (15.06 m)Wingspan: 32 ft 8 in (9.96 m)Height: 16 ft (4.88 m)Wing area: 300 ft² (27.87 m²)Airfoil: NACA 64A204 root and tipEmpty weight: 18,900 lb (8,570 kg)Loaded weight: 26,500 lb (12,000 kg)Max. takeoff weight: 42,300 lb (19,200 kg)Powerplant: 1 × F110-GE-100 afterburning turbofanDry thrust: 17,155 lbf (76.3 kN)Thrust with afterburner: 28,600 lbf (127 kN)PerformanceMaximum speed:At sea level: Mach 1.2 (915 mph, 1,470 km/h)At altitude: Mach 2 (1,320 mph, 2,120 km/h) clean configurationCombat radius: 340 mi (295 nmi, 550 km) on a hi-lo-hi mission with four 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombsFerry range: 2,280 nmi (2,620 mi, 4,220 km) with drop tanksService ceiling: 50,000+ ft (15,240+ m)Rate of climb: 50,000 ft/min (254 m/s)Wing loading: 88.3 lb/ft² (431 kg/m²)Thrust/weight: 1.095Maximum g-load: +9.0 gArmamentGuns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61A1 Vulcan 6-barrel Gatling cannon, 511 rounds Hardpoints: 2×wing-tip Air-to-air missile launch rails, 6×under-wing, and 3×under-fuselage pylon (2 of 3 for sensors) stations with a capacity of up to 17,000 lb (7,700 kg) of storesRockets:4×LAU-61/LAU-68 rocket pods (each with 19×/7×Hydra 70 mm rockets, respectively)4×LAU-5003 rocket pods (each with 19× CRV7 70 mm rockets)4×LAU-10 rocket pods (each with 4× Zuni 127 mm rockets)Missiles:Air-to-air missiles:2× AIM-7 Sparrow6× AIM-9 Sidewinder6× AIM-120 AMRAAM6× IRIS-T6× Python-4Air-to-ground missiles:6× AGM-65 Maverick4× AGM-88 HARMAGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM)Anti-ship missiles:2× AGM-84 Harpoon4× AGM-119 PenguinBombs:8× CBU-87 Combined Effects Munition8× CBU-89 Gator mine8× CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon4× Mark 84 general-purpose bombs8× Mark 83 GP bombs12× Mark 82 GP bombs8× GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb (SDB)4× GBU-10 Paveway II6× GBU-12 Paveway II4× GBU-24 Paveway III4× GBU-27 Paveway III4× Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) series4× AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW)Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (WCMD)B61 nuclear bombB83 nuclear bombOthers:SUU-42A/A Flares/Infrared decoys dispenser pod and chaff pod orAN/ALQ-131 & AN/ALQ-184 ECM pods orLANTIRN, Lockheed Martin Sniper XR & LITENING targeting pods orup to 3×300/330/370/600 US gallon Sargent Fletcher drop tanks for ferry flight/extended range/loitering time orUTC Aerospace DB-110 long range EO/IR sensor pod on centerlineAvionicsAN/APG-68 radarMIL-STD-1553 bus。
装备大观--美国F16战斗机
装备大观--美国F16战斗机转自糊涂网家园装备大观--美国F16战斗机F-16原本是美国通用动力公司研制的低成本、单座轻型战斗机，第1种行产型于1979年1月进入现役。
几经改进，前后有A、B、C、N、R、XL、ADF和AFTI/F-16、F-16/J79、NF-16D等11种型种，有些型别的最大起飞重量已近20吨。
截止到1996年已生产了3500架以上，装备了17个国家的空军和海军。
F-16C/D是F-16战斗机的主要型别。
1984年7月开始交付给空军。
武器系统包括AN/APG-68多功能雷达、广角平视显示器、任务计算机等火控设备和20mmM61“火神”6管炮、AIM-7“麻雀”以及AIM-9“响尾蛇”空对空导弹、AIM-120先进中距空对空导弹、AGM-65“幼畜”空对地导弹、反辐射导弹和各种炸弹等武器。
D型是C型的教练型，1983年首飞，1984年9月开始交付给空军。
目前C型和D型共约生产了1780架。
F-16原型机于1974年2月首飞成功，逐渐成为美国空军的主力歼击机种之一。
虽然F-16单价为2000万美元，仅为F-15的一半，但其总体性能并不比F-15差多少，除了载弹量等个别指标低于F-15外，因研制晚于F-15，其他的指标甚至要优于F-15。
70年代中期，越南战争全面爆发，美国的第二代战斗机F-4等投入实战。
这代飞机的特点是强调高空高速性能和多用途，对机动性能重视不够。
从实战效果来看，第二代战斗机研制并不很成功；甚至可以说走了一段弯路。
这倒并不是说它的技术水平和性能没有提高，也不是研制工作本身有问题，而是由于对作战方式的预测与实际情况不符。
于是，美国从60年代中后期就开始考虑研制第三代战斗机。
第三代战斗机有以下一些主要设计特点：(l)有优良的飞行性能，强调中低空跨音速机动性能和远程作战能力；(2)机载电子设备先进，有良好的全天候作战能力，下视下射能力大为提高；(3)机载武器毁伤威力强。
F16战机基本概况
All F-16s are not created equal. Fighting Falcons rolling out of the factory today are nothing like earlier versions. Some differences are visible—larger control surfaces; wider inlet; tinted canopy; squared landing lights; and various antennas, vents, bumps, and blisters. Most differences require more than the naked eye to see—structural beef-ups, improved engines, digital electronics, vastly increased computing capacity, and software changes to accommodate new functions, sensors, and weapons.The all-glass cockpit (no mechanical gauges) of the latest F-16s is the manifestation of many of these improvements. Three large five- by seven-inch color multifunction displays transmit information from a variety of sensors to the pilot in straightforward color graphics. The cockpit features hands-on throttle and side-stick switch controls, night vision goggles-compatible lighting, a color moving map, and a large head-up display. A helmet-mounted cueing system allows pilots to target weapons by simply turning their heads.BeginningsThe original F-16 was designed as a lightweight air-to-air day fighter. Air-to-ground missions immediately transformed the first production F-16s into multirole fighters. The F-16s that followed expanded and refined these roles with beyond-visual-range missiles, infrared sensors, precision-guided munitions, and many other capabilities. Current and planned versions of the F-16 build on these refinements, enhancing capabilities even further.But the fundamental strengths of the original design remain. At the heart of every Fighting Falcon is the lightweight fighter concept championed by Col. John Boyd and the other members of what came to be known as the Lightweight Fighter Mafia in the US Air Force and Department of Defense. This group favored simple and small fighter designs that could change direction and speed faster than their potential adversaries—designs that were harder to detect; designs that were inexpensive to produce, operate, and maintain. The Fighter Mafia advocated using technology to increase effectiveness or reduce cost. They went so far as to question and thoroughly analyze the basic assumptions of how fighters were judged and compared.Engineers in Fort Worth transformed these ideas into reality in the 1970s. The resulting lightweight fighter combined a host of advanced technologies that had never been used in operational fighters. A blended wing-body, variable camber wings, and forebody strakes provided extra lift and control. Fly-by-wire flight controls improved response time and replaced heavy hydro-mechanical systems with lighter and smaller electronic systems. Relaxed static stability, made possible by the fly-by-wire system, greatly enhanced agility and stability. A side-mounted throttle and stick, head-up display, thirty-degree seat back angle, hands-on controls, and bubble canopy improved the pilot’s g-tolerance and situational awareness.All of these technologies had been explored before in a variety of other aircraft and research programs. But the F-16 prototype, or YF-16, was the first airplane to incorporate all of theminto a producible design.The development of the YF-16 optimized a design for performance. The evolution of the production F-16s, on the other hand, became a balancing act between adding and improving capabilities and maintaining the original design’s optimized performance.Capability improvements can take many forms: countermeasures, infrared sensors, laser targeting devices, missionized rear cockpits, dorsal fairings, datalinks, satellite communications, helmet-mounted cueing systems, conformal fuel tanks, large color displays, all-glass cockpits, improved stores (reconnaissance pods, weapons, and other wing-mounted systems), and auto-recovery systems. Each new capability benefits from its own evolutionary process. All of these improvement leaps are packed into an airframe still capable of sustaining nine g’s and of out-performing other fourth-generation fighters.Pratt & Whitney and General Electric have added to the evolution with impressive improvements in engine performance. The original Pratt & Whitney engine on the YF-16 developed about 23,000 pounds of thrust. The engines on the Block 50/52 aircraft develop nearly 30,000 pounds of thrust. The GE F110-GE-132 engine on the Block 60 F-16 is rated at 32,500 pounds of thrust. So, even though the F-16’s overall weight has increased, its thrust-to-weight ratio has improved as well.However, the Lightweight Fighter Mafia will point out that thrust-to-weight ratio is not the only indicator of aircraf t performance. The figure doesn’t account for the effects of wing loading and aerodynamic drag. A better measure of performance is energy rate (or Ps), which is a function of thrust, weight, velocity, and drag. Every external payload extracts a performance price in aerodynamic drag. And F-16s rarely fly without a few stores hanging under the wing.Technology comes to the rescue again. Advances in electronic miniaturization have resulted in lighter, more compact hardware that, in turn, significantly reduces drag. The latest navigation and targeting pods, for example, are smaller, lighter, and aerodynamically cleaner than first-generation pods. Electronic countermeasure systems have shrunk, too, and have more recently found their way under the F-16’s skin, el iminating even more drag. Weaponeers are making bombs and missiles smaller, lighter, and more streamlined. Drag reductions have often accompanied efforts to add more systems and weapons to the airplane and to make the airplane less detectible and more survivable.While the F-16 today benefits from the electronic revolution, the original designers did not anticipate it. In fact, they purposely kept the aircraft as dense as possible to prevent additional systems—and the extra weight they would bring—from being placed inside the airframe. Technology advances have allowed much more capability to be packed into that same space or, in some cases, in much less space.Building BlocksKeeping up with all the varieties of the F-16 is no small task. The job is simplified, though, because most changes to the F-16 are made in groups, or blocks, to track items on the production line. Whenever a new-production configuration for the F-16 is established, the block number increases.The first production aircraft following the two YF prototypes and the eight full-scale development F-16s were Blocks 1 and 5. (From Block 30/32 on, a major block designation ending in 0 signifies a General Electric engine; one ending in 2 signifies a Pratt & Whitney engine.) The current highest operational block designation, however, is Block 60, which is flown by the United Arab Emirates.Significant modification programs have their own designation as well such as the Mid-Life Upgrade and the Common Configuration Improvement Program. The latest proposed significant modification for the F-16 is called the F-16V (V standing for Viper).The A in F-16A refers to Blocks 1 through 20 single-seat aircraft. The B in F-16B refers to the two-seat version. The letters C and D were substituted for A and B, respectively, beginning with Block 25. The new series letters emphasize the major differences occurring between Blocks 15 and 25. Block 60 denotes the transition from the F-16C/D to the F-16E/F.Full-Scale Development: Production PredecessorsThe YF-16 was chosen over the YF-17 in the Lightweight Fighter competition in 1975. Work began on the first of eight full-scale development, or FSD, F-16s, incorporating the first major—mostly internal—design changes. The designers were intent on retaining the outstanding flying qualities of the original design. So no changes that would degrade the prototype’s aerodynamics were made. At the same time, they had to adapt the airplane to amplified air-to-ground requirements. The overall length grew by thirteen inches. The nose acquired a slight droop to accommodate the Westinghouse APG-66 multimode radar.To respond to the need for larger air-to-ground payloads, the wing and tail surfaces were enlarged to carry the extra weight. The wing area grew from 280 to 300 square feet, which is about as much as it could grow without requiring additional internal bulkheads to lengthen the fuselage. The horizontal tails and ventral fins grew about fifteen percent. The flaperons and speed brakes grew by about ten percent. An additional hardpoint was placed under each wing, giving the aircraft a total of nine. The airframe was also structurally strengthened.Other changes in the FSD aircraft included a lighter weight Stencel SIIIS ejection seat, a simpler single door instead of twin doors on the nose landing gear well, and a self-contained engine starter. The canopy transparency was strengthened to withstand a four-pound, 350-knot bird strike. The radome was hinged to ease access to the radar.The YF-16 validated the aerodynamics, propu lsion, and handling qualities of the aircraft’sbasic design. With the major design issues out of the way, engineers concentrated more on internal details—such as the electrical system, hydraulics, and avionics—with the FSD aircraft. The FSD aircraft had no block numbers, though they are often referred to as Block 0 F-16s.Blocks 1 And 5: Going OperationalAfter the prototype and FSD programs, the first Block 1 F-16 (serial number 78-0001) was flown for the first time in August 1978 and delivered to the US Air Force that same month. The aircraft was first assigned to the 388th Tactical Fighter Wing at Hill AFB, Utah, and later became an interceptor with the 125th Fighter Interceptor Group in Jacksonville, Florida, followed by a tour at the 158th Fighter Interceptor Group in Burlington, Vermont. It then was flown by the 127th Tactical Fighter Wing at Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Michigan. The aircraft was eventually sent to Lowry AFB, Colorado, as a student trainer. The first operational F-16 is now on display at Langley AFB, Virginia.Ninety-four Block 1 and 197 Block 5 F-16s were manufactured through 1981 for the US Air Force and four European Participating Air Forces. Most Block 1 and Block 5 aircraft were upgraded in 1982 to a Block 10 standard through a program called Pacer Loft. New-production Block 10 aircraft (312 total) were built through 1980. The differences between these early F-16 versions are relatively minor. All production F-16s beginning with Block 1 were outfitted with ACES II ejection seats.A word about nicknames: Tactical Air Command, now Air Combat Command, officially christened the F-16A as the Fighting Falcon. But that name never found wide use on the flightline. As with many aircraft, the unofficial nickname the pilots pinned on the F-16 did catch on: Viper.Block 15: Most ProducedThe 330th production F-16 was the first of 983 Block 15 aircraft manufactured in five countries and subsequently assembled on three production lines (Fort Worth, Belgium, and Netherlands). The production of the Block 15 spanned fourteen years. Of the more than 4,500 F-16s manufactured to date, Block 15 aircraft are the most numerous, and many of them are still flying today in air forces around the world.The transition from Block 10 to Block 15 resulted in two hardpoints added to the inlet chin and designated as stations 5R and 5L. The nearly thirty percent larger horizontal tail is the most noticeable difference between Block 15 and previous F-16 versions. The larger tail offset the shift in center of gravity brought on by the weight of the sensors and structures of the two chin hardpoints. The larger tail also provides better stability and control authority, especially at higher angles of attack.Block 15 aircraft received an operational capability upgrade, or OCU, beginning in 1988. The upgrade added a data transfer unit and a radar altimeter. The radar was improved, and the firecontrol and stores control computers were expanded. OCU also allowed Block 15 aircraft to fire the AGM-119 Penguin anti-ship, the AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground, and the AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM. The Block 15 aircraft built from 1988 had OCU, a larger wide-angle head-up display, and the Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 engine. Fifteen air arms fly Block 15 aircraft today, including the US Navy.The Air Defense F-16 is a variant of the Block 15 OCU F-16 equipped with additional systems for the air-to-air role. It has improved APG-66A radar, an APX-109 identification friend or foe interrogator, ARC-200 high-frequency radio, and a 150,000-candlepower spotlight mounted on the left side of the forward fuselage. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, 271 Block 15 airframes were converted to the Air Defense configuration. The first converted aircraft were delivered in early 1989. All of the aircraft initially went to the Air National Guard. The Guard stopped flying the Air Defense version of the F-16 in 2007. Air Defense F-16s are still flown by Jordan and Thailand.Block 25: From A To CThe Block 25 aircraft marks the evolution from the F-16A/B to the F-16C/D. Block 25 enabled the F-16 to carry AMRAAM as a baseline weapon as well as carrying night/precision ground-attack capabilities. An improved fire control computer, an improved stores management computer, and an inertial navigation system were added along with multifunction displays, new data transfer unit, radar altimeter, and anti-jam UHF radio.The Block 25 F-16 also received the improved Westinghouse (now Northrop Grumman) AN/APG-68 radar, which offered increased range, better resolution, and more operating modes. Block 25 featured new upfront controls, a larger head-up display, and two head-down multifunction displays. All Block 25s were originally powered by the Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-200, but the engines have since been upgraded to the -220E configuration. The first of 244 Block 25 F-16s flew in June 1984. Block 25 is the only F-16 to be employed exclusively by the US Air Force.Block 30/32: New Engine ChoicesBlock 30/32 added two new engines to the F-16 line—the Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 and the General Electric F110-GE-100. The aircraft’s engine bays are common to both engines by design. A larger inlet was introduced at Block 30D for the GE-powered F-16s, which are often called big-mouth F-16s. The larger inlet, formally called the modular common inlet duct, allows the GE engine to produce its full thrust at lower airspeeds.The smaller inlet, called a normal shock inlet, has not changed for the -220 and subsequent Pratt & Whitney engines. A Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-229 engine powered the Variable Inflight Stability Test Aircraft, or VISTA/F-16, which featured the larger inlet. This is the only F-16 with a large inlet and a Pratt & Whitney engine.Block 30/32 can carry AGM-88A high-speed anti-radiation missiles, or HARM. Like theBlock 25, it can carry the AGM-65 Maverick missile. Changes at Block 30D allowed the aircraft to carry twice as many chaff/flare dispensers for self-protection, and the forward radar warning receiver antennas were relocated to the leading-edge flap. These beer can-shaped antennas have since been retrofitted onto all previous F-16C/D aircraft. Block 30/32 has a crash-survivable flight data recorder, voice message unit, and expanded memory for the multifunction displays. The first of 733 Block 30/32 F-16s was delivered in July 1987; the airplane was manufactured through 1989.The F-16N manufactured for the US Navy was a Block 30 variant. It was powered by the GE F110-GE-100 engine and had the small inlet associated with early Block 30 production. The F-16N also carried the APG-66 radar of the F-16A models and minor structural differences for meeting Navy requirements. The aircraft had no internal 20-mm gun. Twenty-two F-16Ns and four TF-16Ns (two-seaters) were built from 1987 to 1988. They were used for dissimilar air-to-air training with three Navy adversary squadrons and at the Navy’s Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun) until 1994.The US Navy once again began flying Fighting Falcons in early 2002 when the first of ten single-seat and four two-seat Block 15 F-16s were delivered to NAS Fallon in Nevada (the current home of Top Gun). These aircraft, with distinctive paint schemes, are low-hour F-16A/Bs that had been in storage.Block 40/42 Night/Precision AttackWith Block 40/42, the F-16 gained capabilities for navigation and precision attack at night and in all weather conditions and traded its original analog flight controls for a digital system and new core avionics.The landing gear of Block 40/42 was beefed up and extended to handle the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night, or LANTIRN, targeting and navigation pods and more extensive air-to-ground loads. By design, the landing gear bay doors bulge slightly to handle the larger wheels and tires. The LANTIRN pods also necessitated moving the landing lights from the struts of the main landing gear to the leading inside edge of the nose gear door. The larger wide angle collimating, or W AC, head-up display was needed for LANTIRN as well. This wide-angle raster HUD, as it is called, is capable of displaying the infrared image from the LANTIRN navigation pod used in low-altitude night navigation.The precision weapons incorporated by Block 40/42 include the GBU-10, GBU-12, and GBU-24 Paveway family of laser-guided bombs as well as the GBU-15 glide bomb.Block 40/42 also featured the addition of the APG-68(V5) radar, automatic terrain following (part of the LANTIRN system), global positioning system, full provisions for internal electronic countermeasures, an enhanced-envelope gun sight, and a capability for bombing moving targets.Production of Block 40/42 began in 1988 and ran through 1995. Twenty-one more Block 40s were built for Egypt, and ten single-seat Block 40s were built for Bahrain during 1999 to 2000.US Air Force Block 40 aircraft are now equipped and flying missions with night vision goggles and with a datalink system. This system receives highly accurate position information from a forward air controller on the ground. The system then inputs the data into the weapon system computer and displays it as a waypoint on the head-up display.Block 20 And MLUBlock 20 refers to new-production F-16As that incorporate significant avionic enhancements, including a modular mission computer, or MMC, replacing three other computers. The processing speed of the computer is more than 740 times faster than the computer in the original F-16. It has more than 180 times the memory. An improved radar, the APG-66(V2), features increased detection and tracking ranges and the ability to track more targets.The Mid-Life Update program, or MLU, refers to the 300 retrofitted Block 15 F-16A/B Belgian, Danish, Dutch, and Norwegian aircraft. These aircraft were also structurally upgraded to meet an 8,000-hour airframe life span in a program called Falcon UP (for unos programmum).Block 20 and MLU F-16s have wide-angle head-up displays, color multifunction cockpit displays, upfront controls (a set of programmable pushbuttons placed just below the head-up display), a Block 50-style side stick and throttle, ring laser inertial navigation systems, miniaturized global positioning system receivers, digital terrain systems, improved data modems, and advanced interrogators for identifying friendly or foe aircraft. The lighting in the cockpit is compatible with night-vision systems. The aircraft also have provisions for microwave landing systems and helmet-mounted displays.Block 50/52 Wild Weasel PlusThe first Block 50/52 was delivered to the US Air Force in 1991. The Block 50/52 F-16 is recognized for its ability to carry the AGM-88 HARM in the suppression of enemy air defenses, or SEAD, missions. The F-16 can carry as many as four HARMs.An avionics launcher interface computer allows the F-16 to launch the HARM missile. US Air Force F-16s have been upgraded to carry the HARM Targeting System, or HTS, pod on the left intake hardpoint so it can be combined with laser targeting pods designed to fit on the right intake hardpoint. The HTS pod contains a hypersensitive receiver that detects, classifies, and ranges threats and passes the information to the HARM and to the cockpit displays. With the targeting system, the F-16 has full autonomous HARM capability.The Block 50/52 F-16 continued to be improved, and the current aircraft sold to the FMS customers is equipped with the APG-68(V9) radar, which offers longer range detectionagainst air targets and higher reliability. The Block 50/52 now includes embedded global positioning system/inertial navigation system, a larger capacity data transfer cartridge, a digital terrain system data transfer cartridge, a cockpit compatible with night vision systems, an improved data modem, an ALR-56M advanced radar warning receiver, an ALE-47 threat-adaptive countermeasure system, and an advanced interrogator for identifying friendly aircraft.In the cockpit, an upgraded programmable display generator has four times the memory and seven times the processor speed of the system it replaces. New VHF/FM antennas increase reception ranges. The Block 50/52 is powered by increased performance engines—the General Electric F110-GE-129 and the Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-229—each rated to deliver over 29,000 pounds of thrust in afterburner. Block 50/52 are the first F-16 versions to fully integrate the AGM-84 Harpoon anti-shipping missile.New-production Block 50/52 aircraft ordered after 1996 include color multifunction displays, the modular mission computer, and a multichannel video recorder. All international versions of the Block 50/52 have LANTIRN capability.More than 800 Block 50/52s have been delivered from production lines in Fort Worth, Korea, and Turkey. The Fort Worth production line is currently the only active F-16 line. The other production lines have completed their production runs and have been shut down.EnginesThe engines that power the F-16 have improved in more ways than in maximum thrust. Engines used in early F-16s required from six to eight seconds to spool up from idle to afterburner. Since then, electronic controls have replaced hydro-mechanical systems. The changes allow current engines to go from idle to full afterburner in two seconds. Engine reliability and ease of maintenance have also been improved significantly. Today’s F-16 engines can be expected to deliver eight to ten years of operational service between depot inspections.Digital engine controls, first introduced on Pratt & Whitney-powered F-16s in 1986, have also improved performance. Older hydro-mechanical controls had to be trimmed to operate at the most challenging point within the F-16’s flight envelope. Digital engine controls automatically adjust to the operating environment, so that they optimize engine performance at all points within the flight envelope. All engines being built today for the F-16 have digital engine controls.CommonalityWith all the varieties of the F-16 produced through the years, the US Air Force decided to standardize its F-16 fleet to simplify logistics, maintenance, and training. The service, building on the success of the MLU program, implemented the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) in 1997 to bring all of the Block 40/42/50/52 into a commonavionics configuration.The CCIP added color displays, common missile warning systems, and an improved modular mission computer to Block 40/42 and Block 50/52 F-16s as well as an advanced datalink, called Link-16, that is standard for US and NATO aircraft. The upgrade also included the multi-service standard joint helmet-mounted cueing system (JHMCS). This system works with the high-off-boresight AIM-9X air-to-air missile as well as with other slewable sensors and provides the pilot with other situational awareness and navigation data without looking in the cockpit. More than 200 Block 50/52 and 420 Block 40/42 aircraft were involved in the program. The Air National Guard (ANG), Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), and active duty Air Force units are now operational with the upgrades. This program successfully completed in 2011, and now all of the US active duty aircraft fly with common/compatible systems.Exceptions include Block 30/32 F-16s at the Aggressor squadrons in Nevada and Alaska and Block 25 F-16s in training squadrons at Luke AFB, Arizona. Block 25 and Block 30/32 aircraft are concentrated in Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command units. A few Reserve Component units do already fly more advanced versions of the F-16.Block 60 And BeyondThe F-16 Block 60, also known as the Desert Falcon, is the most advanced F-16 produced to date. An internal, forward-looking infrared navigation sensor mounted as a ball turret on the upper left nose is the main feature that distinguishes the Block 60 from previous F-16s. Both single- and two-seat aircraft carry conformal fuel tanks.The Desert Falcon’s increased-thrust GE-132 engine helps compensate for the increase in weight and payload over the basic F-16. Internal differences, on the other hand, add up to a huge improvement in capability.The Desert Falcon has many automated modes, including autopilot, auto-throttle, an automatic ground collision avoidance system, and a pilot-actuated recovery system. The recovery system allows pilots to recover the aircraft with the push of a button the moment they sense they have lost situational awareness. The Block 60’s electronic warfare system, produced by Northrop Grumman, is the most sophisticated subsystem on the aircraft. It provides threat warning, threat emitter locating capability, and increased situational awareness to pilots. A fiber-optic databus handles the throughput and speed needed for many of these systems. The maintenance system is laptop-based.The APG-80 agile beam radar underpins many of the new capabilities of the Block 60. The radar, produced by Northrop Grumman, is an advanced electronically scanned array offering much greater detection ranges. The radar can continuously search for and track multiple targets and simultaneously perform multiple functions such as air-to-air search and track, air-to-ground targeting, and terrain following. The radar vastly improves the pilot’s situationalawareness.Block 60’s General Electric F110-GE-132 turbofan engine produces approximately 32,500 pounds of thrust in maximum afterburner. The engine is a derivative of the F110-GE-129 engine that powers the majority of F-16C fighters worldwide.The Evolution Continues . . .In recent years, significant improvements in F-16 capability have been developed and added to the stream of software and systems upgrades that have been a part of the program from its inception. Most recently, the US Air Force is fielding the Automated Ground Collision Avoidance System, or AGCAS, which provides the pilot with improved situational awareness of imminent collision with the ground. The system can take control of the aircraft to avoid a collision if the pilot doesn’t respond t o the visual cues.Additionally, to implement customer requirements for newer, more advanced capabilities and to meet the data processing loads required to fulfill those requirements, the avionics configuration for the F-16V has been developed to keep the F-16 capable and relevant. The V configuration incorporates an improved MMC; upgraded programmable displays generator; an active electronically scanned array radar; a large, high-resolution center pedestal display; and integrated control for the various electronic warfare displays and systems all supported by a gigabit Ethernet architecture.Still ExceptionalIn the 40 years since the YF-16 was flown for the first time in the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB, California, it has continued to evolve to meet new requirements for each of the twenty-six customers who operate the F-16 as their front-line fighter. The first production F-16 rolled out of the factory in Fort Worth in August 1978. Since then, more than 4,500 F-16s have rolled off assembly lines in five countries. The F-16 will continue to serve as a front-line fighter and sustainment will extend well beyond 2030.The present state of the F-16 encompasses a broad range of configurations. While the earliest F-16s perch atop poles for public display, others test the latest weapon and sensor technologies. Those rolling off the factory line represent the most advanced fourth-generation fighter produced today. Even though the F-16 has been flying for forty years, its evolution continues to build on the fundamental strengths of its original design.。
飞机PPT课件
动力装置（Power Plant）
➢ 产生拉力或推力。 ➢ 发动机带动的发电机为飞机用
电设备提供电源，从发动机引 入的热气流可用于座舱加温或 空调系统。
THANKS!
祝小朋友们 快乐成长！
它装有喷射装置，在有病 虫害的农作物上空低空飞 行，喷洒杀虫剂，杀死害 虫。
直升飞机
救护飞机
适合用来营救或应付各种紧急 情况，它可以在人们遇到危险 时悬停在空中，营救受难的人 们。直升飞机不需要专门的飞 机场，可以在任何地方停降。
它备有担架、氧气和急救 设备，住得离医院很远的 人们，需要急救，就要使 用这种飞机。
操纵飞机的俯仰和➢偏转飞。机的前轮可偏转，用于地 它起装落有 装喷置射用装于置飞，机在的有起面病飞虫、滑害着行的陆农和时作滑控物行上并制空支方低撑空飞向飞机。行。，喷洒杀虫剂，杀死害虫。
它装有喷射装置，在有病虫害的农作物上空低空飞行，喷洒杀虫剂，杀死害虫。
机 起翼落在装飞 置机 用的 于稳 飞定 机➢性 的和 起飞操飞纵 、机性 着的中 陆扮 和主演 滑轮重 行要 并上角 支装色 撑， 飞有机 机各翼 。上自安独装的立可操纵翼面主要有副翼、襟翼、前缘襟翼、前缘缝翼。 直升飞机不需要专门的的飞机刹场车，可装以置在任。何地方停降。
是飞机稳定性的重要组成部分。
它装有喷射装置，在有病虫害的农作物上空低空飞行，喷洒杀虫剂，杀死害虫。 操纵飞机的俯仰和偏转。 是飞机稳定性的重要组成部分。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
机尾
也可使人们很快收到急需的邮件和物品。
尾翼（Empennage）
机头 它装有喷射装置，在有病虫害的农作物上空低空飞行，喷洒杀虫剂，杀死害虫。
也可使人们很快收到急需的邮件和物品。
有关战斗机的英语ppt
J-3
J-4
J-5
• J-5 was a high subsonic jets and manufactured by SAC , was the first kind of jet that was made in China.
J-5Leabharlann -6• J-6 was the first generation of supersonic aircraft ,and it was manufactured by China independently. • It used to be equipped with the largest number , the longest serving, a domestically-produced supersonic jet fighters that shot down the most of enemy aircraft.
J-6
J-7
• J-7 is currently equipped in China's Air
Force and China Naval the machine has good flight performance,small ,flexible, low cost , simple in operation maintenance and other technical characteristics of high efficiency rate, the jet fighter equipment has been occupying very important position in the China Air Force fighter jet equipment.
常见美国军用飞机识别手册 PPT课件
C-21 (VIP Transport/Cargo)
T-Tail with External Gas Tanks Five Side Windows
C-17 Globemaster III (Cargo)
T-Tail Transport with Four Engines and Winglets
Trainer for UPT
UH-1 Huey (Helicopter) Smallest Helicopter – Two Rotor Blades
HH-60 Pave Hawk (Helicopter) Mid-Sized Helicopter – Four Rotor Blades
MH-53 Pave Low (Helicopter)
F-16 Fighting Falcon (Fighter)
Single Vertical Tail and Single Air Intake
F-22 Raptor (Fighter) Angled Twin Vertical Tail with Single Large Air Intake
F-117 Nighthawk (Fighter)
One of Two Stealth Aircraft – Has Twin Vertical Tail
KC-10 Extender (Tanker/Cargo)
Three Engine Tanker – Conventional Tail
KC-135 Stratotanker (Tanker/Cargo)
B-52 Stratofortress (Bomber)