高英课文Pub talk and the King’s English知识讲解
Book 2 Unit 3 Pub Talk and the King’s English 高级英语II 教学课件
• Why most sociable: more than any other human activity, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant and informal relationship among people.
性) • distinctive(区分性)
• language can be used to deceive
• animal language • 只有简单的声音系统 • 只有几个有限的信号 • 动物只能谈论当前的事物
• 雄性能产生的信号雌性不 能产生
• 不能区分成单个成分,一 个连续体
• 不能欺骗同类
• The text can be roughly divided into 4 parts:
• Part I (para.1-3): General ideas about what is and what makes a good conversation.
• Part II (para.4-11): A particular instance of a good conversation: an interesting pub talk about “the king’s English”.
English Bitter
• Bitter is traditional British beer (also known as ale麦酒). It is quite strong and leaves a bitter taste in your mouth after drinking. It is usually served at room temperature.
pubtalkandthekingsenglish课文主旨
pubtalkandthekingsenglish课文主旨1. 引言在这篇文章中，将深入探讨《Pub Talk and the King's English》这篇课文的主旨。
本文将从多个方面对课文进行评估和分析，以便更好地理解其中的内容和主题。
2. 课文概述《Pub Talk and the King's English》是一篇关于英式酒吧谈话和英国英语的文章。
作者通过与英式酒吧谈话的对比，探讨了英国英语的多样性和变化。
3. 主题一：英式酒吧行话英式酒吧行话是这篇课文的一个重要主题。
作者通过描述英式酒吧行话的独特性和特点，展示了这种诙谐和幽默的交流方式。
这种酒吧行话通常包含俚语、方言和特定于地区的用语，给人一种亲切和热闹的感觉。
4. 主题二：英国英语的多样性除了英式酒吧行话，本文还着重强调了英国英语的多样性。
作者指出，尽管英国是地球上面积相对较小的国家，但它仍然拥有众多不同的地方方言和口音。
这些方言和口音反映了英国的地域和文化差异，使得英国英语更加多元化。
5. 主题三：英国英语的变化另一个重要的主题是英国英语的变化。
作者指出，随着时间的推移，英国英语已经发生了许多变化。
从古英语到现代英语，英国英语经历了不同的阶段和演变。
这些变化部分源于社会变革和文化交流，也与地理和历史因素有关。
6. 从简到繁：理解主题的逐步深入为了更好地理解课文的主题，我们将使用从简到繁、由浅入深的方式来探讨。
我们将对英式酒吧行话进行简单说明，并探讨其在英国社交生活中的作用。
我们将深入研究英国英语的多样性，包括地方方言和口音的区别。
我们将探讨英国英语的变化，并分析其与社会、文化和历史背景的关系。
7. 总结与回顾本文对《Pub Talk and the King's English》这篇课文的主旨进行了深入探讨。
我们从英式酒吧行话、英国英语的多样性和英国英语的变化三个主题入手，逐步深入分析和阐述了课文的内容。
高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub T alk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得"有些话要说",那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
"几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
"此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。
最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King's English 高英课件
20th Century English
During the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published. New words are still being added to English from other languages, including Chinese (feng shui) and Japanese (karaoke). Existing words gain new senses, and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.
King’s English 4. To analyse the features of spoken English 5. To appreciate the language features
Teaching procedure
• Introduction to the author • Warming-up discussions • Analysis of the type of writing • The macro-structure of the text • Detailed analysis • Homework
History of Britain (a history of invasions)
1. Natives in Britain: Celts Language: Celt
2. 43AD, Roman Conquest, ruled for 400yrs Language: Latin
高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub T alk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得"有些话要说",那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
"几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
"此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。
最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
高英Lesson3(Book-2)-Pub-Talk-and-the-King’s-English
7
Pubs are social places based on the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, and most public houses offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, alcopops and soft drinks. Many pubs are controlled by breweries, so beer is often better value than wines and spirits, whilst soft drinks can be almost as expensive. Beer served in a pub may be cask ale or keg beer. The beer lends most pubs a pleasant, memorable aroma. [weasel words] All pubs also have a range of non-alcoholic beverages available. Traditionally the windows of town pubs are of smoked or frosted glass so that the clientele is obscured from the street. In the last twenty years in the UK and other countries there has been a move away from frosted glass towards clear glass, a trend which fits in with brighter interior decors.
高级英语二册Pub_Talk_and_the_King’s_English
1
Aims
1. To learn the methods in developing an expository writing, esp. the use of examples 2. To know how to make good conversation
3. To learn the differences between “pub talk” and the King’s English 4. To analyse the features of spoken English 5. To appreciate the language features
13
5.Early modern English (c. 1450 — 1750)
• This age includes the Renaissance, the Elizabethan era and Shakespeare. The role of the church, of Latin and of French declined and English became a language of science and government. Britain grew commercially and acquired overseas colonies. English was taken to America, Australia, and India. Slave trade carried black speakers of African languages to Caribbean and America, giving rise to English Creoles克里奥尔语. English acquired a typographic排字印刷 identity with the rise of printing. There were many attempts to "standardize and fix" the language with dictionaries and grammars.
lesson-1-Pub-Talk-and-the-King's-English-高英课件
Failure: The Culture of Envy and Rage, 1994.
centres of official power—though they are certainly part of it—but rather the whole matrix of official and social relations within which power is exercised. The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, in England) cannot be understood unless it is recognised that it is exercised socially.
• 权利机构，社会关系网
His works
• The Life of Politics, 1969. • The Kennedy Promise, 1973. • The Spoiled Child of the Western World: The Miscarriage of
the American Idea in Our Time, 1976. • The Parties: Republicans and Democrats in This Century,
British Pub
Open: SUMMER: Mon-Sat: 12-11; Sun: 12-10:30; WINTER: Mon-Sat: 5-11; Sun: 12-10:30
Lesson-3-Pub-Talk-and-the-King课文翻译doc资料
Lesson 3 Pub Talk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。
最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
Lesson 1pub talk and the King27s English讲稿
•Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King’s English •Contents➢P art One: Warm-up➢P art Two: Background Information➢P art Three: Text Appreciation➢P art Four: Language Study➢P art Five: Extension•Part One—Warm-up➢Ⅰ、Video Watching➢Ⅱ、Brainstorming➢Ⅲ、Discussion➢Ⅳ、Learning Objectives•Ⅰ、Video WatchingWatch the video clip and describe it、UK Queen's Christmas Speech、mp4•What are the characteristics of the Queen’sEnglish?•pare the difference between Queen’s Englishand the pub English、•Ⅱ、BrainstormingMake some predictions about the text to be learned、•Ⅲ、Discussion•Why is conversation an activity only of human beings?•How to make a good conversation?•What is a pub friend?•What’s the function of a pub to the English people’s life?•Ⅳ、Learning Objectives1、To be acquainted with the knowledge of the development of English、2、To know what is King's English and its history、3、To learn to use words to describe spoken English、4、To appreciate the language features、5、To learn to write a story about a language、6、To know the writing of an exposition、•Part Two—Background Information➢Ⅰ、About the Author➢Ⅱ、The History of English➢Ⅲ、History of English Pub➢I V、Alexandre Dumas and The Three Musketeers➢V、Thomas Carlyle•Ⅰ、About the AuthorHenry Fairlie (1924-1990)British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955、•Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54、•He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic from the mid-1970s until his death in 1990、•He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel suit, for having called his onetime lover a whore on television、•Ⅰ、About the Author23 September, 1955、•Fairlie wrote:–By the "Establishment", I do not only mean thecentres of official power—though they are certainlypart of it—but rather the whole matrix of officialand social relations withinwhich power is exercised、The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, inEngland) cannot be understood unless it isrecognized that it is exercised socially、•Ⅰ、About the Author•He wrote five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, an early revisionist critique of the USpresidency of John F、Kennedy、•In 2009, Yale University Press published Bite the Hand Feeds You: Essays and Provocations,an anthology of his work edited by Newspaper correspondent Jeremy McCarter、•The native people in Britain－Celt (language)2、Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years－Latin (language)3、In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part ofEngland－old English (language)4、9th century Scandinavian conquest－Danish (language)5、11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years－French (language)6、British people conquered the conquest again、－English won its recognition、•Ⅱ、The History of English•Five Events that Shaped the History of English•1、The Anglo-Saxon Settlement•2、The Scandinavian Settlements•3、The Norman Conquest•4、Standardization:the Great Vowel Shift•5、Colonization and Globalization•Ⅱ、The History of English• A Timeline of the History of the English Language•III、History of English Pub• A pub (public house) is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain、•In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the munity、•The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England、•III、History of English Pub•During the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existence—the earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines being displayed to advertise wine、By 14th century, more abstract names were mon、•III、History of English Pub● Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since theBronze Age、● The ori gins of the pub began to appear during the Roman colonization of Britain、Placeswhere travelers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks、These Roman taverns remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain、•III、History of English Pub•During the 16th and 17th centuries these establishments primarily sold beer and ale until the first half of the 18th century when the so-called “Gin Graze” took hold, esp、among the poorer classes as the production of gin(杜松子酒) had increased to six times that of beer、The 1751 Gin Act forced gin makers to sell gin only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates、In the 19th century, the Wine and Beerhouse was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol、The Licensing Act 2003 repealed the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils、Alexandre Dumas (1802－1870)best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world、His works include The Count ofMonte Cristo;The Thre Musketeers; Twenty Years After The Three Musketeers is set in the 17th century、The novel recounts the adventures of a young man called d'Artagnan after he leaves home to travel to Paris, and then he joins the Musketeers of the Guard、His friends are: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis、They are inseparable friends who live by the motto: "tous pour un, un pour tous“=All for one, one for all •V、Thomas CarlyleThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)•Famous English essayist and historian、•After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer、•In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career、They moved to Jane' s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years、During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought、•This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed、•V、Thomas Carlyle•"Carlylese", a peculiar style of his own, was a pound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences、•One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation、•Part Three—Text Appreciation➢Ⅰ、Text Analysis→Introduction to Exposition→Theme of the Text→Text Organization→Further Understanding➢Ⅱ、Writing Devices→Language Style→Rhetorical Devices➢Ⅲ、Sentence Paraphrase•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisIntroduction to Exposition•" Pub Talk and the King's English " is a piece of exposition (informative writing)、•Exposition is to put forth an idea or suggestion and expound on it、•The purpose or intention of the writer of the exposition is to inform or explain、•Ⅰ、Text Analysis•Exposition is the most mon kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything which challengesthe understanding, for example, the definition of a term, the structure of a lab, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a political system, etc、•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisThe writer of an exposition generally makes a statement (thesis) of the central thought or of his purpose first、The thesis can be supported and developed in a variety of ways、The following are some of the approaches usually used in writing: definition, identification, illustration, parison, contrast, analogy, analysis、•Ⅰ、Text Analysis1、Conversation is an activity of human beings, and a good conversation is not for making a point、Conversation in a pub has a charm of its own2、English has fought for centuries to be recognized and we should be proud of King’s English、•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisText Organization (loose structure)•Part 1 (Paras、1-3):Introduction:The writer puts forward the theses: conversation is the most sociable of all human activities andbar conversation has a charm of its own、•Part 2 (Paras、4-11):Development 1:The charm of conversation is that there is no fixed topic、Example: the King's English —Australia — the Saxon peasants—cultural humiliation--revolt、•Ⅰ、Text AnalysisFurther Understanding1、The major theme of this essay is _______、A、pub talk in King’s E nglishB、conversation is universalC、the charm of bar conversationD、the history of King’s English2、The style of this piece of exposition is _____、A、ironicB、informalC、formalD、sarcastic•Ⅰ、Text Analysis3、The author likes bar conversation because ______、A、it is casual and not for making a pointB、it will not use the King’s EnglishC、it is usually formal and seriousD、it is interesting and argumentative4、“The King’s or Queen’s English ” came into use in the ______、A、15th centuryB、16th centuryC、17th centuryD、18th century•Ⅰ、Text Analysis5、The best conversationalists are those ______、A、who are trying to make a pointB、who are trying to talk senseC、who are to ready loseD、who are prepared to win•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesLanguage Style1、Effective use of verbsThe effective use of verbs is a way to strengthen the impression、e、g、meander, leap, sparkle, glow, slip, slide, etc、•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesLanguage Style2、Effective use of allusion(典故)An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event that bears an association to the topic of a discourse so as to impress the reader、e、g、“They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,…”“Is th e phrase in Shakespeare?、、、When Mistress Quickly Iin The Merry Wives of Winsor says of her master…”•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: SimileDefinition:A simile is a figure of speech which makes a parison between two unlike elements having at least onequality or characteristic in mon、Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc、•Ⅱ、Writing Devicese、g、1、They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings、(Para、3)•The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth、(Para、14)•Ⅱ、Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: MetaphorDefinition:Metaphor is a figure of speech where parison is implied、It is also a parison between two unlike elements with a similar quality、But unlike a simile, this parison is implied, not expressed with the word “as” or “like”、•Ⅱ、Writing Devicese、g、The charm of conversation is that… it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows 、(Para、2)(paring the conversation to a stream which meanders and leaps & the fire which glows andsparkles、)2、Suddenly, the alchemy of conversation took place、(Para、6)( paring the sudden change of the topic in the conversation to the miraculous alchemy)3、The glow of the conversation burst into flames、(Para、6)(paring the conversation to a fire、)•Ⅱ、Writing Devices4、The conversation was on wings、(Para、8)(paring the conversation to a bird flying and soaring、)5、…think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant、(Para、11)(paring into the shoes to in another’s position、)6、I have an unending love affair with dictionaries、(Para、17)(paring his keen interest in dictionaries to having a love affair、)7、…the King’s English slips and slides in conversation、(Para、18)(paring the casual mistakes in the spoken English to careless slides in walking、) •Ⅲ、Sentence Paraphrase1、And it is an activity only of humans、(Para、l)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation) 、2、Conversation is not for making a point、(Para、2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view、In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument、3、In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose、(Para、2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view、4、Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives、(Para、3)People who meet each other for a drink in a pub arenot intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives、•That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could go ignorantly on、(Para、6)By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument、Thereference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that “the King's English” isa term of criticism、However, there is no need to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation:It could go on without anybody knowing who is right or wrong、6、They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down tobeef、(Para、9)These animals are called "cattle" when they are aliveand feeding in the fields, but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat "beef"、The word "beef " es from the French word "boeuf"、7、The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier、、、hisown language、(Para、11)The new ruling class, by using French instead of English, made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers、barrier: originally, a fortress, stockade, etc、for defending an entrance or a gate; a thing that prevents passage or approach; obstruction, as a fence, wall, etc; here it means anything thatholds apart, separates, or hinders、e、g、The racial barrier; barriers to progress8、、、、English had e royally into its own、(Para、13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more、• e into one's own: to receive what properlybelongs to one, especially acclaim or recognition•royally: The King of England now spoke English (notFrench), so the term "the King's English" becameappropriate、English received the recognition of theKing, too、9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes、(Para、15)The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lowerclasses、The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of theeducated people、10.The rebellion against a cultural domination is still there、(Para、15)There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class、11、There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us、”(Para、16)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent、For example, the word "dog" is a symbolrepresenting a kind of animal、We mustn't regard the word "dog" as being the animal itself、12.…and the Kings Engl ish, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a classrepresentation of reality、(Para、16)The term "the King's English“ or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only representsthe language used by the ruling class (or the king)、It represents the language used by a certainclass、13、The Kings English is a model — a rich and instructive one — but it ought not to be anultimatum、(Para、17)The King's English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate, for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people shouldn't be forced to accept it、14、So we may return to my beginning、(Para、18)The writer realizes he has been digressing from hissubject by discussing the King's English at length, sohe es back to his central theme — conversation、15、、、、but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food andthe wine、(Para、19)But we suspect that great minds also liked gossiping and menting on the quality of the food and the wine、This supposition is supported by the example given in the next sentence、16、、、、the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in theirintentions、(Para、19)The only difference between Mme、Deffand's cook and the supreme chef Brinvilliers lay in their intentions and attitudes, i、e、how they treated their cooking、17、The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk senseand so ruin all conversation、(Para、21)A biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk"sense"、They behave just like chimpanzees which have been taught to talk、Chimpanzees, like all other nonhuman animals,are not capable of conversation、•Part Four—Language Study➢Ⅰ、Word Study➢Ⅱ、Phrases and Expressions•Ⅰ、Word StudyList:1、sociable2、musketeer3、delve4、desultorily5、monplace6、alchemy7、affirmation8、Saxon churl9、rift10、scamper11、tussle12、dandelion13、pejoratively14、facetiously15、edict❿ultimatum❿sinister•Ⅰ、Word Study1、sociable (Para、1)(adj、): friendly; agreeablee、g、The British students spent a sociable evening drinking in the pub、2、musketeer (Para、3)(n、): a solider armed with a musket (a smoothbore, long-barreled firearm, used especially by infantry soldiersbefore the invention of the rifle) 火枪手e、g、They tried to act as three musketeers in the dramacontest、3、delve (Para、3)(v、): dig, research; investigatee、g、The police did a thorough research to delve deeply into this murder case、4、desultorily (Para、4)(adj、): aimless without any particular plan or purposee、g、When we met after 10 years we talked desultorily in the tea house for long time till daybreak、5、monplace (Para、4)(adj、): ordinary, mone、g、In China, going to foreign countries for vacation has bee monplace、6、alchemy (Para、4)(n、): Alchemy is the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical、e、g、In the third year, the alchemy occurred that Jack changed from a lazy and slothful person to ahard working top student、9、rift (Para、9)(n、): people or groups begin distrust each other usually caused by a serious disagreemente、g、 A deep rift has started in the two groups which will influence the work efficiency、10、scamper (Para、10)(v、): to run with quick short steps, like a child or an animale、g、The little mouse scampered in the courtyard、11、tussle (Para、13)(v、): (informal) to fight or struggle without using anyweapons (厮打)e、g、The drunkards are tussling with the security staff、12、dandelion (Para、14)(n、): a wild plant with yellow flowers and white balls ofseeds that travel a long way in the air 蒲公英e、g、The seeds of dandelion were carried to the meadow near my home by the wind、13、pejoratively (Para、15)(adv、): disparagingly, belittlingly or derogatorilye、g、We should not used the term pejoratively to describe the youth、14、facetiously (Para、15)(adv、): saying things that are intended to be clever andfunny but are really silly and annoyinge、g、Penny facetiously placed the cause of the failure in the math test to the terrible weather、15、edict (Para、16)(n、): an official public order issued by authority; decree;any mand or order13.e、g、The government issued an edict that none of that poet’s writings be destroyed、16、ultimatum (Para、17)(n、): a final offer or demand, especially by one of theparties engaged in negotiations, the rejection ofwhich usually leads to a break in relations, andunilateral actione、g、The landlady gave us an ultimatum: either Jack left or we both left her house for good、17、sinister (Para、18)(adj、): suggesting or threatening evil; presaging trouble; attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstancese、g、I believe their proposals are worthless with sinister motives、•Ⅱ、Phrases and ExpressionsList:1、indulge in2、make a point3、in a flash4、on the rocks5、up-bringing6、of one's own7、turn up one's nose at8、into the shoes of9、e into its own10、slips and slides11、on (the) wings12、sit up at sth•Ⅱ、Phrases and Expressions1、indulge in (Para、1): allow oneself to have or enjoye、g、They indulged heavily in conversation and drink、2、make a point (Para、2):prove effectively truth of one‘s statement by argumente、g、There are several points I want to make in this speech、3、in a flash (Para、2): in a second, suddenlye、g、In a flash, we thought we could foresee the result of this event、4、upbringing (Para、3): the training and education received while growing upe、g、His upbringing in the pub explains a lot about his attitude towards bar friends、5、of one‘s own (Para、3): belong strictly to oneselfe、g、For reasons of her own, Lanlan refused to join the debating club、6、on the rocks (Para、3):to be in a condition of being wrecked or ruinede、g、Most business men in our country were on the rocks in the economic crisis period、7、on (the) wings (Para、8):flying, moving or travelinge、g、Hearing the good news that he was admitted by Harvard University, Steve was very excitedjust like a bird on wings、8、turn up one's nose at (Para、10): show contempt for sht/sbe、g、I hate the person who often turns up his nose at anyone who hasn't had a college education、9、into the shoes of (Para、11): in the position of experiencing what another has to experiencee、g、Let’s think in his shoe and we will understand him better、10、e into its own (Para、13): recognize what properly belongs to onee、g、With the success of the public speaking, the English Club of our department came into its own、11、slips and slides (Para、18) to slide on a slippery surface, to lose one's footing, therefore to makea mistakee、g、Even with the scholars, we notice that the King’s English slips and slides in conversation、12、sit up at (Para、18): (colloquial) to bee suddenly alerte、g、They all sat up at his threatening remarks、•Part Five — Extension➢Ⅰ、Useful Expressions➢Ⅱ、Discussion➢Ⅲ、Quiz➢Ⅳ、Writing•Ⅰ、Useful Expressions自我陶醉,自吹自擂一生漂泊不定毁坏;破产内心深处批评语刻薄得话罪犯得后代制定规章值得三思indulge in self-glorificationmeander through one’s lif eon the rocksrecesses of one’s thoughtsa term of criticismtart remarksdescendants of convictslay down rulesworth the reconsidering•Ⅰ、Useful Expressions深刻得阶级裂痕耕种土地,喂养牲畜对…嗤之以鼻怒气冲冲种族歧视有条件最后通牒英雄所见略同deep class rifttill the land and rear the animalsturn up one’s nose atin a rageracial discriminationqualified ultimatumGreat minds think alike、•Ⅱ、Discussion1、How does the writer connect "pub talk" with "the king's English" ?2、What is the quintessential part of bar conversation?3、How to explain that the the use of words can show class distinction?4、What’s the writer's political inclination?5、What’s your understanding of the sentence “The conquered in the end conquering the conqueror”?•Ⅲ、Quiz•Ⅳ、WritingWrite an essay of about 400 words with the title:My Views on a good conversationYou can approach the essay from the following perspectives:•your criteria for a good conversation;•the way to make a conversation good;•the effects to be expected of a good conversation•In the introduction part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in thedevelopment part you should support your argument with appropriate details、In theconclusion part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make asummary、。
高级英语pubtalkandtheking27senglish中英笔记(注释)复习进程
高级英语p u b t a l k a n d t h e k i n g 27s e n g l i s h中英笔记(注释)L3. Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语) Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利)1. Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. And it is an activity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的sociable（主题句），也是人类特有的。
而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂intricate，也是称不上交际的。
1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。
And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being．Sociable [ˈsoʊʃəbl] adj.随和的，好交际的，友善的 friendly or agreeable,eapecially in an easy,informal way(用书）intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的Indulge: 任凭自己沉溺于……；耽于to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like,eapecially sth that is considered bad for you ----indulge in sth, indulge yourself.例： Women do not indulge in to the same extent as men. deserve: 值得；应得2. The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meander s or leap s and sparkle s or just glow s. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has“something to say.”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of theargument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalist s are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the momentfor one of their best anecdote s, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost.They are ready to let it go.2. 闲谈的引人入胜之处就在于它没有一个事先设定好的主题。
高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub T alk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得"有些话要说",那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
"几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
"此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。
最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。
最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版重排版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 2 Marrakech 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 5 The Sad Young Men 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas (Excerpts) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 8 The Future of the English 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 9 The Loons 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 11 Four Laws of Ecology (Part I) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 12 Four Laws of Ecology (Part Ⅱ) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 13 The Mansion: A Subprime Parable (Excerpts) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 14 Faustian Economics 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 15 Disappearing Through the Skylight 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介本书是《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）的学习辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、单元语法、全文翻译以及练习答案等内容。
高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub T alk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中,只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊,而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流,不论其方式何等复杂,也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得"有些话要说",那定会大煞风景,使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上,真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之而失,他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧,我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解,他们只是临时凑到一起来的,彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂,或恋爱失败,或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然日夕相处,却从不过问彼此的私事,也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉,从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题,事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处,中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的,那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
"几天前,我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语,指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
"此语一出,谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。
最后,当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
高级英语pub talk and the king's english
高级英语Pub Talk and the King’s English人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。
它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。
要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。
闲聊不是为了进行争论。
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。
也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。
他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。
他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。
人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。
谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。
可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。
”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。
有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。
最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。
Lesson1pubtalkandtheKingsEnglish讲稿
Lesson1pubtalkandtheKingsEnglish讲稿Lesson 1Pub Talk and the King?s English ?ContentsP art One: Warm-upP art Two: Background InformationP art Three: Text AppreciationP art Four: Language StudyP art Five: ExtensionPart One—Warm-upⅠ. Video WatchingⅡ. BrainstormingⅢ. DiscussionⅣ. Learning ObjectivesⅠ. Video WatchingWatch the video clip and describe it.UK Queen's Christmas Speech.mp4What are the characteristics of the Queen?sEnglish?Compare the difference between Queen?s English and the pub English.Ⅱ. BrainstormingMake some predictions about the text to be learned.Ⅲ. DiscussionWhat is the criteria for judging a good conversation?Why is conversation an activity only of human beings?How to make a good conversation?What is a pub friend?What?s the function of a pub to the English people?s life?Ⅳ. Learning Objectives1. To be acquainted with the knowledge of the development of English.2. To know what is King's English and its history.3.To learn to use words to describe spoken English.4.To appreciate the language features.5.To learn to write a story about a language.6. To know the writing of an exposition.Part Two—Background InformationⅠ. About the AuthorⅡ. The His tory of EnglishⅢ. History of English PubI V.Alexandre Dumas and The Three MusketeersV. Thomas CarlyleⅠ. About the AuthorHenry Fairlie (1924-1990)British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955.Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54.He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic from the mid-1970s until his death in 1990.He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel suit, for having called his onetime lover a whore on television.Ⅰ. About the AuthorHe was Best known for coining the term The Establishment in his column in The Spectator on23 September, 1955.Fairlie wrote:–By the "Establishment", I do not only mean thecentres of official power—though they are certainlypart of it—but ratherthe whole matrix of officialand social relations within which power is exercised.The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, inEngland) cannot be understood unless it isrecognized that it is exercised socially. ?Ⅰ. About the AuthorHe wrote five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, an early revisionist critique of the USpresidency of John F. Kennedy.In 2009, Yale University Press published Bite the Hand Feeds You: Essays and Provocations,an anthology of his work edited by Newspaper correspondent Jeremy McCarter. ?The native people in Britain －Celt (language)2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years－Latin (language)3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part ofEngland－old English (language)4. 9th century Scandinavian conquest－Danish (language)5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years－French (language)6. British people conquered the conquest again.－English won its recognition.Ⅱ. The History of EnglishFive Events that Shaped the History of English1. The Anglo-Saxon Settlement2. The Scandinavian Settlements3. The Norman Conquest4. Standardization：the Great Vowel Shift5. Colonization and GlobalizationⅡ. The History of EnglishA Timeline of the History of the English LanguageIII. History of English PubA pub (public house) is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain. ?In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. ?The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. ?III. History of English PubDuring the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existence—the earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines being displayed to advertise wine. By 14th century, more abstract names were common. ?III. History of English Pub● Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since theBronze Age.● The origins of the pub began to appear during the Roman colo nization of Britain. Placeswhere travelers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks.These Roman taverns remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain. ?III. History of English PubDuring the 16th and 17th centuries these establishments primarily sold beer and ale until the first half of the 18th century when the so-called “Gin Graze” took hold, esp. among the poorer classes as the production of gin(杜松子酒) had increased to six times that of beer. The 1751Gin Act forced gin makers to sell gin only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates.In the 19th century, the Wine and Beerhouse was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol. The Licensing Act 2003 repealed the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils.Alexandre Dumas (1802－1870)best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. His works include The Count ofMonte Cristo;The Thre Musketeers; Twenty Years After The Three Musketeers is set in the 17th century.The novel recounts the adventures of a young man called d'Artagnan after he leaves home to travel to Paris, and then he joins the Musketeers of the Guard. His friends are: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.They are inseparable friends who live by t he motto: "tous pour un, un pour tous“=All for one, one for all ?V. Thomas CarlyleThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)Famous English essayist and historian.After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer.In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane' s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years.During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his characteristic style andthought.This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. ?V. Thomas Carlyle"Carlylese", a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences.One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation.Part Three—Text AppreciationⅠ. Text Analysis→Introduction to Exposition→Theme of the Text→Text Organization→Further UnderstandingⅡ. Writing Devices→L anguage Style→Rhetorical DevicesⅢ. Sentenc e ParaphraseⅠ. Text AnalysisIntroduction to Exposition" Pub Talk and the King's English " is a piece of exposition (informative writing). ?Exposition is to put forth an idea or suggestion and expound on it.The purpose or intention of the writer of the exposition is to inform or explain. ?Ⅰ. Text AnalysisExposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything whichchallenges the understanding, for example, the definition ofa term, the structure of a lab, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a political system, etc. ?Ⅰ. Text Analysis The writer of an exposition generally makes a statement (thesis) of the central thought or of his purpose first.The thesis can be supported and developed in a variety of ways.The following are some of the approaches usually used in writing: definition, identification, illustration, comparison, contrast, analogy, analysis.Ⅰ. Text Analysis1. Conversation is an activity of human beings, and a good conversation is not for making a point.Conversation in a pub has a charm of its own2. English has fought for centuries to be recognized and we should be proud of King?s English. ?Ⅰ. Text AnalysisText Organization (loose structure)Part 1 (Paras. 1-3):Introduction:The writer puts forward the theses: conversation is the most sociable of all human activities and bar conversation has a charm of its own.Part 2 (Paras. 4-11):Development 1:The charm of conversation is that there is no fixed topic. Example: the King's English — Australia — the Saxon peasants—cultural humiliation--revolt.Ⅰ. Text AnalysisFurther Understanding1. The major theme of this essay is _______.A. pub talk in King?s EnglishB. conversation is universalC. the charm of bar conversationD. the history of King?s English2. The style of this piece of exposition is _____.A. ironicB. informalC. formalD. sarcasticⅠ. Text Analysis3. The author likes bar conversation because ______.A. it is casual and not for making a pointB. it will not use the King?s EnglishC. it is usually formal and seriousD. it is interesting and argumentative4. “The King?s or Queen?s English ” came into use in the ______.A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 18th centuryⅠ. Text Analysis5. The best conversationalists are those ______.A. who are trying to make a pointB. who are trying to talk senseC. who are to ready loseD. who are prepared to winⅡ. Writing DevicesLanguage Style1. Effective use of verbsThe effective use of verbs is a way to strengthen theimpression.e.g. meander, leap, sparkle, glow, slip, slide, etc.Ⅱ. Writing DevicesLanguage Style2. Effective use of allusion(典故)An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event that bears an association to the topic of a discourse so as to impress the reader.e.g. “They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,…”“Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...When Mistress Quickly Iin The Merry Wives of Winsor says of her master…”Ⅱ. Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: SimileDefinition:A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at leastone quality or characteristic in common. Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, as…as, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc. ?Ⅱ. Writin g Devicese.g.1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each other?s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. (Para. 3)?The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)Ⅱ. Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: MetaphorDefinition:Metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied. It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, not expressed with the word “as” or “like”.Ⅱ. Writing Devicese.g.The charm of conversation is that… it will go as it meanders or leaps and spark les or just glows .(Para.2)(comparing the conversation to a stream which meanders and leaps & the fire which glows and sparkles.)2. Suddenly, the alchemy of conversation took place. (Para.6)( comparing the sudden change of the topic in the conversation to the miraculous alchemy)3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para.6)(comparing the conversation to a fire.)Ⅱ. Writing Devices4. The conversation was on wings. (Para.8)(comparing the conversation to a bird flying and soaring.)5. …think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para.11)(comparing into the shoes to in another?s position.)6. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)(comparing his keen interest in dictionaries to having a love affair.)7. …the King?s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para.18)(comparing the casual mistakes in the spoken English to careless slides in walking.)Ⅲ. Sentence Paraphrase1. And it is an activity only of humans. (Para. l)And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation) .2. Conversation is not for making a point. (Para. 2)Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversationwe should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (Para. 2)In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. (Para. 3)People who meet each other for a drink in a pub arenot intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other's lives.That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could go ignorantly on.(Para. 6)By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument. Thereference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that “the King's English” isa term of criticism.However, there is no need to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation:It could go on without anybody knowing who is right or wrong.6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down tobeef. (Para.9)These animals are called "cattle" when they are aliveand feeding in the fields, but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat "beef". The word "beef " comes from the French word "boeuf".7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier (i)own language. (Para. 11)The new ruling class, by using French instead of English, made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.barrier: originally, a fortress, stockade, etc. for defending an entrance or a gate; a thing that prevents passage or approach; obstruction, as a fence, wall, etc; here it means anything that holds apart, separates, or hinders.e.g. The racial barrier; barriers to progress8. ...English had come royally into its own. (Para. 13)The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more. ?come into one's own: to receive what properlybelongs to one, especially acclaim or recognitionroyally: The King of England now spoke English (notFrench), so the term "the King's English" becameappropriate. English received the recognition of theKing, too.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.(Para. 15)The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lowerclasses. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of theeducated people.10.The rebellion against a cultural domination is still there. (Para. 15)There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us.”(Para. 16)There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example, the word "dog" is a symbol representinga kind of animal. We mustn't regard the word "dog" as being the animal itself.12.…and the Kings English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a classrepresentation of reality. (Para. 16)The term "the King's English“ or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only representsthe language used by the ruling class (or the king). It represents the language used by a certain class.13. The Kings English is a model — a rich and instructive one — but it ought not to be an ultimatum.(Para. 17)The King's English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate, for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people shouldn't be forced to accept it.14. So we may return to my beginning. (Para. 18)The writer realizes he has been digressing from hissubject by discussing the King's English at length, sohe comes back to his central theme — conversation.15. ...but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food andthe wine. (Para. 19)But we suspect that great minds also liked gossiping and commenting on the quality of the food and the wine. This supposition is supported by the example given in the next sentence.16. ...the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in their intentions.(Para. 19)The only difference between Mme. Deffand's cook and the supreme chef Brinvilliers lay in their intentions and attitudes, i.e. how they treated their cooking.17. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk senseand so ruin all conversation. (Para. 21)A biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk "sense".They behave just like chimpanzees which have been taught to talk. Chimpanzees, like all other nonhuman animals,are not capable of conversation.Part Four—Language StudyⅠ. Word StudyⅡ. Phrases and ExpressionsⅠ. Word StudyList:1. sociable2. musketeer3. delve4. desultorily5. commonplace6. alchemy7. affirmation8. Saxon churl9. rift10. scamper11. tussle12. dandelion13. pejoratively14. facetiously15. edictultimatumsinisterⅠ. Word Study1. sociable (Para.1)(adj.): friendly; agreeablee.g. The British students spent a sociable evening drinking in the pub.2. musketeer (Para. 3)(n.): a solider armed with a musket (a smoothbore, long-barreled firearm, used especially by infantry soldiersbefore the invention of the rifle) 火枪手e.g. They tried to act as three musketeers in the dramacontest.3. delve (Para.3)(v.): dig, research; investigatee.g. The police did a thorough research to delve deeply into this murder case.4. desultorily (Para.4)(adj.): aimless without any particular plan or purposee.g. When we met after 10 years we talked desultorily in the tea house for long time till daybreak.5. commonplace (Para.4)(adj.): ordinary, commone.g. In China, going to foreign countries for vacation has become commonplace.6. alchemy (Para.4)(n.): Alchemy is the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical.e.g. In the third year, the alchemy occurred that Jack changed from a lazy and slothful person to ahard working top student.9. rift (Para. 9)(n.): people or groups begin distrust each other usually caused by a serious disagreemente.g. A deep rift has started in the two groups which will influence the work efficiency.10. scamper (Para. 10)(v.): to run with quick short steps, like a child or an animale.g. The little mouse scampered in the courtyard.11. tussle (Para. 13)(v.): (informal) to fight or struggle without using anyweapons (厮打)e.g. The drunkards are tussling with the security staff.12. dandelion (Para. 14)(n.): a wild plant with yellow flowers and white balls ofseeds that travel a long way in the air 蒲公英e.g. The seeds of dandelion were carried to the meadow near my home by the wind.13. pejoratively (Para. 15)(adv.): disparagingly, belittlingly or derogatorilye.g. We should not used the term pejoratively to describe the youth.14. facetiously (Para.15)(adv.): saying things that are intended to be clever andfunny but are really silly and annoyinge.g. Penny facetiously placed the cause of the failure in the math test to the terrible weather.15. edict (Para. 16)(n.): an official public order issued by authority; decree;any command or order13. e.g. The government issued an edict that none of that poet?s writings be destroyed. 16. ultimatum (Para. 17) (n.): a final offer or demand, especially by one of theparties engaged in negotiations, the rejection ofwhich usually leads to a break in relations, andunilateral actione.g. The landlady gave us an ultimatum: either Jack left or we both left her house for good.17. sinister (Para. 18)(adj.): suggesting or threatening evil; presaging trouble; attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstancese.g. I believe their proposals are worthless with sinister motives. ?Ⅱ. Phrases and ExpressionsList:1. indulge in2. make a point3. in a flash4. on the rocks5. up-bringing6. of one's own7. turn up one's nose at8. into the shoes of9. come into its own10. slips and slides11. on (the) wings12. sit up at sthⅡ. Phrases and Expressions1. indulge in (Para. 1): allow oneself to have or enjoye.g. They indulged heavily in conversation and drink.2. make a point (Para. 2):prove effectively truth of one…s statement by argumente.g. There are several points I want to make in this speech.3. in a flash (Para. 2): in a second, suddenlye.g. In a flash, we thought we could foresee the result of this event.4. upbringing (Para. 3): the training and education received while growing upe.g. His upbringing in the pub explains a lot about his attitude towards bar friends.5. of one…s own (Para. 3): belong strictly to oneselfe.g. For reasons of her own, Lanlan refused to join the debating club.6. on the rocks (Para. 3):to be in a condition of being wrecked or ruinede.g. Most business men in our country were on the rocks in the economic crisis period.7. on (the) wings (Para. 8):flying, moving or travelinge.g. Hearing the good news that he was admitted by Harvard University, Steve was very excited justlike a bird on wings.8. turn up one's nose at (Para. 10): show contempt for sht/sbe.g. I hate the person who often turns up his nose at anyone who hasn't had a college education.9. into the shoes of (Para. 11): in the position of experiencing what another has to experiencee.g. Let?s think in his shoe and we will understand him better.10. come into its own (Para. 13): recognize what properly belongs to onee.g. With the success of the public speaking, the English Club of our department came into its own.11. slips and slides (Para. 18) to slide on a slippery surface, to lose one's footing, therefore to make amistakee.g. Even with the scholars, we notice that the King?s English slips and slides in conversation.12. sit up at (Para. 18): (colloquial) to become suddenly alerte.g. They all sat up at his threatening remarks.Part Five — Extension Ⅰ. Useful Expressions Ⅱ. Discussion Ⅲ. QuizⅣ. Writing ?Ⅰ. Useful Expressions自我陶醉，自吹自擂一生漂泊不定毁坏；破产内心深处批评语刻薄的话罪犯的后代制定规章值得三思indulge in self-glorification meander through one?s lifeon the rocksrecesses of one?s thoughtsa term of criticismtart remarksdescendants of convictslay down rulesworth the reconsidering ?Ⅰ. Useful Expressions深刻的阶级裂痕耕种土地，喂养牲畜对…嗤之以鼻怒气冲冲种族歧视有条件最后通牒英雄所见略同deep class rifttill the land and rear the animalsturn up one?s nose atin a rageracial discriminationqualified ultimatumGreat minds think alike.Ⅱ. Discussion1. How does the writer connect "pub talk" with "the king's English" ?2. What is the quintessential part of bar conversation?3. How to explain that the the use of words can show class distinction?4. What?s the writer's political inclination?5. What?s your understanding of the sentence “The conquered in the end conquering the conqueror”??Ⅲ. Quiz Ⅳ. WritingWrite an essay of about 400 words with the title:My Views on a good conversationYou can approach the essay from the following perspectives: your criteria for a good conversation;the way to make a conversation good;the effects to be expected of a good conversationIn the introduction part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in thedevelopment part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the conclusion part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.。
(完整版)高级英语-PubTalkandtheKing的简要介绍
The Summary of Pub Talk and the King’s English The article describes the conversation is the most sociable of all human activities and it is an activity only of humans. The charm of conversation is that it doesn’t really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go. Conversation is not for making a point. There is no winning in conversation.Bar conversation has its special charm. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives, but they can have any kinds of conversation freely. One night in the bar, when the author and his companions have a conversation desultorily here and there, one of them says that the King’s English is laid down as English is a term of criticism, which becomes a focus between them and becomes a focal subject. There would be resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.” The re are language barriers between the Saxon churls and their Norman conquerors and there is a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman Conquest. By building their French against the Saxon peasants’own language, the new ruling class has built a cultural barrier against him. King’s English comes into use in the 16th century, and after five centuries of growth, of tussling with the French and absorbing it, English has come into their own and become a universal language in England. Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the King’sEnglish is a class representation of reality. The King’s English is a model, but it shouldn’t be an ultimatum. In fact, even the most educated and literate people do not use Standard English all the time in their conversation. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin conversion.。
高级英语pub-talk-and-the-kings-english中英笔记
高级英语pub-talk-and-the-kings-english中英笔记L3. Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语)Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利)1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.And it isan activity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anythingthat deserves the name of conversation.人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的sociable（主题句），也是人类特有的。
而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂intricate，也是称不上交际的。
1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。
And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being．Sociable [?sobl] adj.随和的，好交际的，友善的friendly or agreeable,eapecially in an easy,informal way(用书）intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的Indulge: 任凭自己沉溺于……；耽于to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like,eapecially sth that is considered bad for you ----indulge in sth, indulge yourself.例：Women do not indulge in to the same extent as men.deserve: 值得；应得2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start fromanywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as itmeander s or leap s and sparkle s or just glow s. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.In fact, the best conversationalist s are those who are prepared to lose.Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdote s, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.2. 闲谈的引人入胜之处就在于它没有一个事先设定好的主题。