心理语言学名词解释 注释版

1. Assimilation 同化A phonological process in which one speech sound replaced by another that is similar sounds elsewhere in the utterance.

2 Accommodation顺应A phonological process in which elements that are shifted or deleted are adapted to their error-induced environments.

3. Assemblage errors The correct choice or word has been made, but the utterance has been faultily assembled.Eg. writtening threat letters---writing threatening letters

4. Aphasia失语症A language or speech disorder caused by brain damage.

5. Anaphoric reference回指A form of reference cohesion in which one linguistic expression refers back to prior information in discourse.

6. .Behaviorism行为主义The doctrine that states that the proper concern of psychology should be the objective study of behavior rather than the study of the mind.

7. Critical period hypothesis临界期假设The view that there is a period early in life in which we are especially prepared to acquire a language.

8. Coalescence合并A phonological process in which phonemes from different syllables are combined into a single syllable.

9. Common ground共识The shared understanding of those involved in the conversation.

10. Core grammar核心语法is the grammar that rules the essence of syntax of a language (principles and parameters).It is an innate ability.

11. Categorical perception范畴听辨

The disablilty to discriminate sounds within a phonemic category.

12. Cohort Model群模型A model of auditory word recognition in which listeners are assumed to develop a group of candidates, a word initial cohort, and then determine which member of that cohort corresponds to the presented word.

13. Coherence连贯The degree to which different parts of a text are connected to one another. Coherence exits at both local and global levels of discourse.

14...Distinctive features显著特征The specification of the differences between speech sounds in terms of individual contrasts

15. Descriptive adequacy描写充分性The extent to which a grammar can provide a structural description of a sentence.

16. Explanatory adequacy解释充分性The extent to which a agrammar can explain the facts of language acquisition. See also descriptive adequacy and observational adequacy.

17. Episodic memory情景记忆

The division of permanent memmory in which personally experienced information is stored.

18 Holophrase 表句词A one-word utterance used by a child to express more than the meaning attributed to the word by adults..

19. Idiomorph A sound or sound sequence used consistenly by a child to refer to someone or something even though it is not the sound sequence conventionally used in the language for that purpose.

20. Incremental processing增量处理The notion that we are planning one portion of our utterance as we articulate another portion.

21. Language bioprogram hypothesis语言生物程序假设The hypothesis that children whose environmental exposure to language is limited use a backup linguistic system.

22. Language transfer 语言迁移In second-language acquisition, the process in which the first language influences the acquisition of a subsequent language