2012高考英语 备考之名词性从句

2012高考备考英语之名词性从句

名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。能象一个名词一样在句中充当这些成分的从句就叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

①What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.

使我最为吃惊的是看到有些村民坐在教室后面的板凳上。（主语从句）

②This was what the blacksmith was reading.

这就是铁匠在读的东西。（表语从句）

③Do you know why winter is colder than summer?

你知道冬天为什么比夏天冷吗？（宾语从句）

④They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again.

他们表达了想再来中国的愿望。（同位语从句，作hope的同位语）

引导名词性从句的关联词有以下三类：

从属连词：that, whether, if, as if (用于表语从句)

连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose等

连接副词：when, where, why, how以及由how组成的词组how many, how long, how far 等

㈠名词性从句的语序

名词性从句的语序要用陈述句语序，而不要使用一般疑问句的语序

如：

Whether he will be able to come remains a question.

他是否能来还是个问题。

The question is who will be the next speaker.

问题是谁接着发言。

He admitted that he was wrong.

他承认错了。

Can you tell me why a rocket can fly in outer space?

你能告诉我为什么火箭能够飞入外层空间吗？

I have no idea when he will be back.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

㈡主语从句

主语从句的三种类型：

⒈由连词that引导：

如：

That China is a great socialist country is well known.

中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家，这是众所周知的。

That he will come back soon is certain.

他很快会回来是肯定的。

◆由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句句型有四种：

It + be + 形容词+ that …

It + be + 名词词组+ that…

It + be + 过去分词+ that…

It + seems/happens/appears/doesn’t matter/makes no difference + that…

如：

①It is clear （形容词）that we badly need help.

很明显，我们急需帮助。

②It is necessary(形容词) that you (should ) master the computer.

你很有必要掌握电脑。

（当形容词是necessary, important, strange等时，主语从句常用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形）

③It is no wonder (名词词组) that he looks pale.

难怪他看起来脸色苍白。

④It is a pity （名词词组）that we can’t go.

我们不能去真是遗憾。

⑤It is still unknown （过去分词）that who will win the match.

还不知道谁会赢得这场比赛。

⑥It is said（过去分词） that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

据说格林先生已到了北京。

⑦It happened that I had seen the film.

碰巧我看过了那部电影。

⑧It seems that he is playing football.

他似乎正在踢足球。

it 作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。

如：

①It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.

据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。

（主语从句，有that, 无逗号）

②As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.

据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。

（定语从句，无that, 有逗号）

⒉由what（…所…的东西）、whatever（所…的一切）、whoever（一切…的人）等代词引导：

如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Whoever is tired may rest.

谁要是累了就可以休息。

Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

这里所说的话都应保密。

⒊由连接代词或连接副词（或whether）引导：

这类主语从句可以直接用在句首作主语，也可以放在句子后部去，前面用it作形式上的主语，这两种结构基本上可以换用，意思上没什么差别。

如：

①When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.

= It is a question when we shall have our sports meet.

我们什么时间举行运动会还是个问题。

②Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.

= It won’t make too much difference whethe r he will join us.

他是否加入到我们当中来没多大关系。

㈢表语从句

表语从句放在主句中的连系动词后面，引导表语从句所用的的关联词和引导主语从句所用的关联词相同。此外，连词as if也可以引导表语从句。

如：

①That is where the red Army crossed the Yangtze River.

这就是红军横渡长江的地方。

②This is exactly what I expected.

这正是我希望的。