英语强化翻译 汉化版

Due to …no cure no pay‟ basis, salvors traditionally looked for incidents with high chance of success in saving ships and cargoes on board, ignoring environmental protection.

基于“无效果，无报酬”的惯例，传统上救助方着重于事故中如何以高成功率救援船舶和货物而忽视了对环境的保护。

The International Convention on Salvage 1989 changes the scene with an introduction of Article 14:

在1989版国际救助公约中，以第14条条款的规定改变了这种现象：

1. If the salvor has carried out salvage operations in respect of a vessel which by itself or its cargo threatened damage to the environment and has failed to earn a reward under Article 13 at least equivalent to a special compensation assessable in accordance with this article, he shall be entitled to special compensation from the owner of that vessel equivalent to his expenses as herein defined.

1，如果救助方考虑到所救船舶或货物对环境已有污染的危险而开始了打捞救助作业，同时依据本公约不能获得基于第13条款的最低特别补偿款，救助方可以从船东处获得他所花费相当的特别补偿款。

2. If, in the circumstances set out in paragraph 1, the salvor by his salvage operations has prevented or mimimized damages to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor under paragraph 1 may be increased up to a maximum of 30 per cent of the expenses incurred by the salvor.

2，在这种情况下，如按照第1项设定的情形，救助方因其救助行为已达到预防或使环境污染最小化的成果，船东依第1项所给付给救助方的特别补偿款可以在救助方最大花费的基础上增加30%。

3. Salvor‟s expenses for th e purpose of paragraphs 1 and 2 means the out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by the salvor in the salvage operation and a fair rate for equipment and personnel actually and reasonably used in the salvage operation, taking into consideration the cri teria set out in Article 13, paragraph 1(h), (i), and (j).‟

3，第1，2项中所说的救助方花费是指救助方用于救助行为中关于救助设备，救助人员的额外，合理，公平费率的预算之外的支出，结合考虑第13条款中第1（h），（i），（j）项的规定。

4. The total special compensation under this article shall be paid only if and to the extent that such compensation is greater than any reward recoverable by the salvor under article 13.

4，只有在基于第13款情况下，补偿款远多于救助方能获得的救助报酬，全部的特别补偿款才应该支付。

5. If the salvor has been negligent and has thereby failed to prevent or minimize damage to the environment, he may be deprived of the whole or part of any special compensation due under this article.

5，如果是由于救助方疏忽而至其没能防止污染或使污染最小化，救助方可以被剥夺获取全部或部分基于公约的特别补偿款。

6. Nothing in this article shall affect any right of recourse on the part of the owner of the vessel‟.

6，本条约中任何事项不影响向船东追索的权利。

So, as explained by the editors of Kennedy and Rose Law of Salvage (7th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2010), to be entitled to the …special compensation‟ under Article 14(1), certain conditions must be fulfilled:

正如Kennedy and Rose Law of Salvage这本书作者阐述的，享有第14条款所说规定“特别补偿款”的一方，应该满足以下条件：

1. There must be a threat of damage to the environment

Article 1(d): “Damage to the environment” means substantial physical damage to human health or to marine life or resources in coastal or inland waters or areas adjacent thereto, caused by pollution, contamination, fire, explosion or simil ar major incidents‟.

1，必须存在有第1条d项中所阐明的破坏环境的威胁：“对环境造成危害”是指由污染，污染物，火灾，爆炸或类似的重大事故会对人类健康，沿海，内水或邻近水域的海洋生物资源造成严重的，有形的伤害。

2. There must be a performance of salvage operations.

- In this respect, the salvor‟s motives for intervening are irrelevant.

2，救助行为必须要有成效。因此，救助方的动机无关紧要。

3. Expenses must be incurred by the salvor.

3，花费必须是因救助行为产生的。

4. Article 13 reward less than basic entitlement to special compensation

This somewhat raises difficulty for the language of this condition appears to suggest that the special compensation in Article 14 should be calculated first.

4，第13条关于救助报酬比基本的特别补偿款少

这种情况下似乎无形中增加了用语言解释按照第14条应优先理算特别补偿款相关规定的难度。

But, the method of calculation is explained in paragraph 6.032 of Kennedy & Rose Law of Salvage (7th edn, Sweet & Maxwell 2010) as follows:

但是，Kennedy & Rose Law of Salvage书中第6032段对于计算特别补偿款有如下解释：