英语国家概况翻译

合集下载

英语国家概况译文 -Chapter 3 The Shaping of Nation

英语国家概况译文 -Chapter 3 The Shaping of Nation

第三章英国的形成Ⅰ.诺曼统治(1066--1381)1.威廉一世的统治(1066--1381年)在威廉统治下,英国的封建制度得到完全确立。

根据此制度,国王个人拥有全国所有土地。

威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族,条件是贵族保证服役和交租。

贵族的这些地产分散于各处,这样土地拥有者就不易联合起来反叛国王。

已成为国王土地承租人的贵族又把土地分配给小贵族、骑士和自由民,同样要他们交租和服役。

处在封建等级制底层的是农奴--和奴隶差不多的没有自由的人们。

英国封建制度独有的特点(这一特点限制了贵族权力的扩大)是:所有的土地拥有者,无论是土地承租人还是二佃户,都要为手中的土地不仅要宣誓效忠于直接领主,而且还要宣誓效忠国王。

威廉用大议会取代了盎格鲁撒克逊国玉的顾问团--贤人会议。

大评议会由他的土地承租人组成,一旦国王召集,他们就得到大评议会服务。

在南部城市温切斯特、威斯敏斯特和格洛斯特,大议会一年开会三次。

为了可靠地记录所有的土地、佃户和他们的财产并查明他们能交多少税,威廉派官员编了一本财产清册,称为《末日审判书》。

因为对英国人来说,这本土地清册无疑就是最后审判日那天众王之王所用的《末日书》。

此册完成于1086年,它记录了1085年作的英国全国总调查的结果。

此册陈述了土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权。

现在《末日审判书》保存在伦敦的公共档案馆里。

从此册可以看出,在1086年,农村约有一半的耕地掌握在10个承租人(贵族)手里,其中只有两个是英国贵族,约五分之一土地归国王本人所有。

其余大多数属于主教、修道院院长和其他修道院头领。

威廉对教会在英国的发展极有兴趣。

他对教会的政策是完全拉制,同时赞成它拥有权力。

他让意大利裔的贝克主教(诺曼人)兰佛兰克担任坎特伯雷大主教。

他鼓励兰佛兰克用诺曼特色的高效率来管理教会事务,并进一步密切英国教会与罗马的关系,但他又小心地维护自己的独立性。

没有他的授权,英国不承认教皇;没有他的批准,教皇诏书在英国就没有任何影响力;未经他的允许,主教不可以访问罗马,甚至不可以写信给教皇;没有他的明确同意,在他的广大王国内任何人都不能被逐出教会。

英语国家概况(汉英对照)

英语国家概况(汉英对照)

英语国家概况A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIESPart One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland第一部分大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and PeopleⅠ.英国的不同名称及其区域1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。

这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别? When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U.K. Do they mean the same thing? Or are they different?严格地讲,不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。

它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。

不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。

两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛,其中不列颠岛较大,它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。

因此,联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事,因此,人们就说不列颠,联合王国或简单地说UK。

这是不列颠岛上的一个国家,首都是伦敦。

另外还有一个国家,叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰,也位于不列颠岛上。

它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分,在岛的南部。

1949 年始爱尔兰独立,首都是都柏林。

Strictly speaking, the British Isles,Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country. The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain andIreland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. It forms the United Kingdom with Northern Ireland—the northern part of Ireland. So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. This is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There is another country called the Republic of Ireland or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the remainder of Ireland—the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

英语国家概况解释

英语国家概况解释

1.The Thames RiverThe Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 KM long, rising in southwest England and flowing through England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly, which is very favorable for water transportation.17.Julius CaesarHe was a great Roman general.In 55BC and 54BC,he invaded Britain twice.Because of the resistence of the British people,he withdrew with hostages and prisoners.That's the beginning of the Roman invasion. 带着人质和俘虏撤退。

22.Alfred the GreatAlfred was a strong king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them. He founded a strong fleet and is known as "The father of the British navy". He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He also translated books and established schools. All this earned him the title "Alfred the Great".23.William the Conqueror 威廉征服William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct.1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.建立了封建制度44.Constitutional Monarchy:A political system in Britain. The head of the State is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reign, but does not rule. It was established after the Glorious Revolution.prehensive schoolsComprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.71.BBCthe british broadcasting corporation,the UK organization responsible for making an transmitting of its own television and radio programs.19.Black Death:It was a disease or plague spread by rat fleas in 14th cen. It spread through Europe. Many people died and the population of England shrank. It caused labor shortage and other social problems.2.the Mississippi---the mississippi has been called "father of waters" or "old man river",the mississippi and its tributaries drain one of the richest farm areas in the world.it is the most important river in the world.它与它的支流流经世界上最富饶的农业区之一。

英语国家概况中文译文Chapter1chapter7

英语国家概况中文译文Chapter1chapter7

。名著而貌美的娘姑兰尔爱及以泼活和力魅其以人兰尔爱 。言语方官二第是语英而�言语方官一第的国和共兰尔爱是它。语尔盖种一是语兰尔爱 。平和兰尔爱北现实于力致同共现府政兰尔爱和府政国英。利权济经及治政 、会社的多更到得求要徒教主天马罗�数多的位地配支占是徒教新。和不直一间之徒教主天 马罗和徒教新国英�起时那从。住居兰尔爱北到送被徒教新国英和人兰格苏�前年百数 人兰尔爱.4 。好友且方大、客好们他:象印的 样这下留都人数多大的观参兰格苏去天今但�俭节且而慎谨、肃严成说被人兰格苏管尽 。学中的语英讲上须必子孩的人兰格苏而�孙子的人特尔凯非并人数多大 为因�兰格苏全及遍却语英但�语尔盖到听能还屿岛部西和地山在今至管尽。"子儿的人某" 是中语尔盖--语特尔凯的老古人兰格苏在思意其 �头开 caM 或 cM �'M 以字名的人兰格苏多许 。傲骄感深过服征人兰格英被未从为人兰格苏。上屿岛和谷峡、地山在住地扰侵受不人兰格 苏�地山侵入未从们他但�居定地疆边的间之兰格英和地低兰格苏在人鲁格盎国德些一 人兰格苏.3 。力活 持保化文及言语士尔威使式方种这过通们他。赛比术艺和唱歌、乐音、歌诗士尔威行举�候 时些这在。会赛比乐音歌诗国全是日节的要重最中年一。节歌诗、舞跳、歌唱的会年术艺为 之称有们他中年一。豪自感深去过的己自为�乐音爱热�烈采高兴�富丰情感人士尔威 。sdrawdE �nagroM�seivaD�siweL 有字名士尔威的见常些一他其�nylL 和 dyolL�nyllwelL 如�的 人士尔威是都字名的头开"lL"以。字名语英于同不也字名士尔威�语英于同不语士尔威。语 士尔威和语英用使都�牌示告共公数多大的士尔威。语士尔威学得都生学小多很。言语方官 的士尔威为认确被起一语英与它年 5691。言语特尔凯的老古种一是语士尔威。语士尔威讲只 人的一之分百有�言语一第作当语士尔威把人士尔威的一之分四近有约今如。服征人兰格英 被才年 6351 到直�年 0001 达长由自的们他了护保人特尔凯的士尔威。处之身栖立建中山荒 的士尔威了到逃 �时侵入人逊克撒-鲁格盎在们他 。人落部颠列不代古是先祖的人士尔威 人士尔威.2 。等等"rieht" 和"ruoy"�"ym"格有所及 eht 词冠略省还人方北些一。]e ε[成发]:a[音元的中之"ecnahc" 和"ecnad"�"ecnarF" 把而�Ju[成发] Λ[音元的中词些这把�时词些这"hcum"�"rehtom" �"sub"� "evol"发在人方北是化变音发的著显。"宽更"的兰格英南比言方的兰格英北 。"eva"成念"evah"把还们他。"yrt"和"thgil"�"etihw"成念 "yart" �"etal" �"tiaw"把们他 �]ia[成发]ie[音元把人区东敦伦 。人敦伦的长土生土是佬区 区东敦伦。调音的别特有没都们他�外之佬区区东敦伦了除。语英 CBB 近接语英的讲人方南 �言而体总 。间之兰格英北和兰格英南在是别区要主 。异差多许有间之言语区地的人国英 。htimS 叫人 000�008 有士尔威和兰格英计估。pmahcuaeB 和 rofuaeB 、 yciaD 如 � 字 名 的 人 国 法 曼 诺 着 有 庭 家 国 英 些 一 � 来 而 "tdimhcS" 字 名 人 国德由是"htimS" 字名人国英的通普最。迹遗的先祖着留保还字名的人国英数多大天今�言 语英和人国英了生产才�合结的间之人逊克撒�鲁格盎的败战与者服征曼诺是正。侵入人国 法曼诺年 6601。国英侵入"盗海欧北"即人麦丹�时纪世 9。"兰格盎"为名取兰格英给字名的 们他用者服征国德。国英了服征并侵入人逊克撒和人鲁格盎的国德�落衰国帝马罗�纪世 5 在。们他了服征人马罗来后。宗祖的人国英是�落部的人颠列不叫支一中其。国英达到后年 007 前元公于们他。国英和牙班西、国法到居移后�国德在早最�落部些一的代古是原人特 尔凯。人特尔凯是却人兰尔爱和人士尔威、人兰格苏而�人逊克撒�鲁格盎是人兰格英

(完整word版)英语国家概况-新西兰篇中英翻译

(完整word版)英语国家概况-新西兰篇中英翻译

第六部分新西兰 Part Six New ZealandChapter33.New Zealand(capital: Wellington)惠灵顿1)新西兰的地理位置New Zealand’s geography:新西兰地处南太平洋,位于赤道和南极之间New Zealand is in the Southern Pacific Ocean,halfway between the equator and the South Pole.新西兰的面积与英国和日本相近。

它有2个主要的岛,北岛和南岛The size of the country is similar to Britain or Japan.It has two main islands:North Island and South Island新西兰位于国际日期变更线以西,所以它是世界上第一个迎接新一天到来的国家。

New Zealand is just west of the Internationnal Date Line,so it is the first country to get the new day.最高的山峰是库克山,海拔3764米。

陶波湖是新西兰最大的湖。

The highest peak is Mt Cook,3764M. Lake Taupo is the largest lake in New Zealand 南岛最大的河流是克鲁沙河,北岛最大的河流有2个,是怀卡托河和黄加雷河。

The largest rivers in South Island is the Clutha,and in the North Island is the Waikato and the wanganui.地震和火山是新西兰最严重的自然灾害。

Earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters.2)气候特征Characteristics of New Zealand’s climate;①气候温和generally temperates.②多样,最北端是亚热带气候,南岛一些山区则是亚寒带气候varied climate: In the far north it is subtropical and in some mountainous areas of South Island it is subarctic③.常年下雨Rain falls all year round新西兰阳光最充足的城镇是纳尔逊,西海岸的降雨量最大。

英语国家概况单词

英语国家概况单词

1。

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.The strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡4.Greenwich 格林尼治5..The Britain Isles 大不列颠岛6.The Thames River 泰晤士河7。

The Severn River 塞汶河ke Neigh 讷湖9。

Lake District 湖区10。

Edinburgh 爱丁堡11.Glasgow 格拉斯哥12.Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14。

the British Isles不列颠群岛15.the English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候;海岸气候17。

loanwords外来语,外来词18.。

Old English古英语(略作OE)19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会;罗马公教20。

Middle English中世纪英语;中古英语(约1150-约1475年间的英语)1。

Modern English 现代英语 2.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会3.Christmas 圣诞节4.Easter 复活节5。

Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂6。

City of London 伦敦城7。

Outer London 外伦敦8。

Poets' Corner 诗人角9。

Birmingham 伯明翰 1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服2 . Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁撒克逊人的定居3。

Edward, the Confessor 信教者爱德华4. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役5. the Great Charter 大宪章6。

英语国家概况重点术语解释

英语国家概况重点术语解释

重点翻译术语:(1) New Frontier 新边疆(2) the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动(3) the Great Society 伟大社会(4) the Counterculture Movement 反主流文化运动(5) the New Left Movement 新左派运动(6) the Anti-War Movement 反战运动(7) the Strategic Defence Initiative 战略防御措施(8) the Populist Party人民党(9) Star Wars星球大战(10) Monroe Doctrine门罗主义(11) Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义(12) the Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划(13) the Missile Crisis 导弹危机(14) the House Un-American Activities Committee 众议院非美活动调查委员会(15) W ASP 白人盎格鲁—撒克逊新教徒(16) indentured servants 契约佣工(17) the Civil War 美国内战(18) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会(19) model minority 模范少数族裔(20) Indian Reservations 印第安人保留区(21) Gold Rush淘金热(22) Supreme Court最高法院(23) the Court of Appeals 上诉法院(24) the District Court地区法庭(25) judicial review 司法复审(26) the House of Representatives 众议院(27) chief justice 首席大法官(28) associate justice 大法官(29) the Articles of Confederation 《邦联条例》(30) winner-take-all 赢者通吃/ (美国总统选举中)胜者获得所有选举人选票(31) grants-in-aid programs联邦拨款项目(32) the midterm election中期选举(33) Watergate Scandal水门事件丑闻(34) Electoral College选举人团(35) laissez faire自由放任(36) post-industrial society后工业社会(37) Sherman Antitrust Act谢尔曼反托拉斯法(38) New Deal新政(39) National Labor Relations Board全国劳工关系委员会(40) Social Security system 社会保障制度(41) Food Stamp食物劵(42) Aid to Families with Dependent Children未成年人家庭援助计划(43) original jurisdiction 初审管辖权(44) grand jury 大陪审团(45) petit jury 小陪审团(46) the Department of Justice 司法部(47) the Attorney General 司法部长/ 总检察长(48) the Solicitor General 司法部副部长/副总检察长(49) Common Law 习惯法(50) civil law 民法(51) criminal law 刑法(52) the Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局(53) due process of law 正当法律程序(54) charter school 特许公立学校(55) school voucher 教育劵(56) associate degree 准学位(57) community college 社区大学(58) the Bilingual Education Act 双语教育法(59) affirmative action program 积极行动方案(60) reverse discrimination 反向歧视(61) compulsory education 义务教育(62) city upon a hill 山巅之城(63) the Great Awakening 大觉醒运动(64) rummage sales 旧杂物义卖(65) the Grand Canyon 大峡谷(66) British Commonwealth英联邦(67) God save the King /Queen 天佑吾王(68) the Stars and Stripes星条旗(69) E pluribus unum合众为一(70) the Good Friday Agreement北爱尔兰和平协议(71) Magna Carta(英国)大宪章(72) shadow cabinet影子内阁(73) the House of Lords 贵族院/ 上议院(74) Lords Spiritual 神职贵族(75) Lords Temporal 俗职贵族(76) the House of Commons下议院(77) Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制(78) the Prime Minister首相(79) the Department of State国务院(80) Secretary of Commerce商务部长。

英语国家概况(中英)(57页)

英语国家概况(中英)(57页)

英语国家概况(An Overview ofEnglishSpeaking Countries)一、英国(United Kingdom)1. 地理位置:英国位于欧洲大陆的西北边缘,由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和若干小岛组成。

2. 首都:伦敦(London),是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。

3. 官方语言:英语4. 人口:约6600万,其中英格兰占最大比例。

5. 国旗:英国国旗被称为“米字旗”,由蓝、白、红三种颜色组成。

6. 经济:英国是世界上发达国家之一,拥有强大的金融、工业和科技实力。

7. 教育体系:英国教育体系享誉世界,牛津、剑桥等世界知名学府坐落于此。

8. 文化特色:英国有着丰富的历史文化底蕴,如莎士比亚、牛顿、披头士乐队等均诞生于此。

同时,英国也是现代足球的发源地。

二、美国(United States of America)1. 地理位置:美国位于北美洲,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋,南接墨西哥湾和加勒比海,北邻加拿大。

2. 首都:华盛顿特区(Washington, D.C.),是美国政治中心。

3. 官方语言:英语4. 人口:约3.3亿,是世界上第三人口大国。

5. 国旗:美国国旗被称为“星条旗”,由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成。

6. 经济:美国是全球最大的经济体,拥有强大的科技创新能力和金融市场。

7. 教育体系:美国教育资源丰富,世界顶尖大学如哈佛、斯坦福等均位于此。

8. 文化特色:美国文化多元化,涵盖了欧洲、亚洲、非洲等多种文化元素。

好莱坞电影、NBA篮球、美式足球等在全球具有广泛影响力。

三、加拿大(Canada)1. 地理位置:加拿大位于北美洲北部,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋,北接北冰洋,南邻美国。

2. 首都:渥太华(Ottawa),是加拿大的政治中心。

3. 官方语言:英语和法语4. 人口:约3800万,是世界上面积第二大国家。

5. 国旗:加拿大国旗被称为“枫叶旗”,由红、白两色组成。

6. 经济:加拿大经济发达,资源丰富,特别是石油、天然气和矿产资源。

英语国家概况译文

英语国家概况译文

CHAPTER ONELAND AND PEOPLEWhen people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U. K. Do they mean the same thing?当人们提及英国时,常用不同的名称,如不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国,以及缩写的U.K…这些不同的称呼是不是指向相同的事物?is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There is another country called the Republic of Ireland or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the reminder of Ireland——the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.严格地说,不列颠群岛、大不列颠群岛和英格兰都是地理名称。

它们并不是这个国家的官方名称。

英伦群岛由两个大点的岛屿大不列颠和爱尔兰及上百个小岛屿组成。

两个大岛是大不列颠和爱尔兰群岛。

不列颠或称大不列颠是这两个岛屿中较大的那一个。

它与爱尔兰岛的北部——北爱尔兰——组成联合王国。

因此,联合王国的正式名称叫大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

但是一口气说出这样长的一个国家的名称太拗口,因此人们只说不列颠、联合王国,或者更简单地称U.K…它是大不列颠群岛上的一个国家,首都是伦敦。

岛上还有另外一个叫做爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰的国家。

英语国家概况中英对照

英语国家概况中英对照

大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国P4The commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined economically and have trading arrangements. The commonwealth has no special powers. There are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.英联邦是一个自由联合体,由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成,成员国之间实行经济合作,有一定的贸易协议。

联邦没有特殊的权力。

有50个成员国在联邦。

P12The English are Anglo-Saxons, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.英格兰人是盎格鲁——撒克逊人,而苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人却都是凯尔特人;P17凯尔特人Celts----首先入侵The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began to arrive about 700BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans. They may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and southern Germany. They came to Britain in three main waves.凯尔特人比先前抵达的种族更高、更漂亮,他们于公元前700年开始迁入,并于此后不断迁居到此岛,直至罗马人入侵;他们最初来自东欧和中欧,现在法国、比利时和德国南部一带。

英语国家概况-美国篇中英翻译

英语国家概况-美国篇中英翻译

chapter 13 geography 地理位置美国的全称是美利坚合众国。

我们通常简称它为美国。

The full name of the United States is the United States of America ,Often we just call it the United States, the U. S. or simply America.1. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州(1959年)。

阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部,夏威夷位邻中太平洋。

Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American(1959年).Alaska lies in northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.2.美国陆地面积为930万平方公里。

就面积而言,美国是世界第四大国,仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国。

The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.3.所有州中,阿拉斯加是面积最大的州,罗得岛最小,在美国大陆,最大的州是得克萨斯州。

Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.4. 落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁,也被成为大陆分水岭。

The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.5. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。

英语国家概况(汉英对照)

英语国家概况(汉英对照)

英语国家概况(汉英对照)英语国家概况A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIESPart One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland第一部分大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and PeopleⅠ.英国的不同名称及其区域 1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。

这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别? When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, GreatBritain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U.K. Do they mean the same thing? Or are theydifferent?严格地讲,不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。

它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。

不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。

两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛,其中不列颠岛较大,它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。

因此,联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事,因此,人们就说不列颠,联合王国或简单地说UK。

这是不列颠岛上的一个国家,首都是伦敦。

另外还有一个国家,叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰,也位于不列颠岛上。

它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分,在岛的南部。

1949 年始爱尔兰独立,首都是都柏林。

Strictly speaking, the British Isles,Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country. The BritishIsles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain andIreland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. It forms the United Kingdom with Northern Ireland—thenorthern part of Ireland. So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain,the United Kingdom or simply U.K. This is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There isanother country called the Republic of Ireland or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the remainder ofIreland—the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

英语国家概况(汉英对照)

英语国家概况(汉英对照)

英语国家概况(汉英对照)Isles consist of two large islands and several hundred small islands。

The two large XXX larger and is the home of England。

Scotland。

XXX is also part of the United Kingdom and is locatedin the northern part of XXX。

the official name of the country isthe United Kingdom of Great XXX。

due to its length。

people often refer to it as Britain。

the United Kingdom。

or simply the UK。

The UK is a country located on the island of Great Britain。

with its capital in London。

Another country。

the Republic of Ireland or simply Ireland。

is also located on the island of Ireland。

It occupies the rest of the island。

in the south。

It gained independence in 1949 and its capital is Dublin.Ⅱ.英国的地理和气候2.Geography and Climate of the UK英国位于欧洲西北部,是一个由四个国家组成的岛国。

英格兰、苏格兰和XXX占据了大不列颠岛的大部分面积,而北爱尔兰则位于爱尔兰岛的东北部。

英国地形多样,有山地、丘陵、平原、海岸等。

英国的气候温和而多雨,因为受到暖流的影响,所以冬季不会太冷,夏季也不会太热。

《英美国家概况》终极笔记中英文对照版

《英美国家概况》终极笔记中英文对照版

新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I。

Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names:the British Isles, Great Britain and England。

地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。

2.Official name:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

3。

The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。

4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales。

大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1)England is in the southern part of Great Britain。

It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。

(2)Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north;the Central lowlands; the south Uplands)Capital:Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部.它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。

英语国家概况-爱尔兰篇中英翻译

英语国家概况-爱尔兰篇中英翻译

第十一章Part Two The Republic of Ireland爱尔兰共和国地理与历史 Geography and History不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。

两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。

爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。

爱尔兰分为两个政治区域:北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。

北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。

爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。

The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country.I.Geographical Features地理特征爱尔兰共和国的面积为70,282平方公里。

与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。

The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km.首都是都柏林,The capital is Dublin.爱尔兰一直被比作盆地,内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。

海洋性气候影响全国。

英语国家概况总结资料

英语国家概况总结资料

Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack(英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗)2. The basic information of each country:Count ry Capital AreaMemoEngland London最大1.最不会把自己的“英格兰文化区别于其他文化”2.一个高度城市化3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.PS:One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur(被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑),drove the Saxons back.关于亚瑟王的一些名词:Excalibur:被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑;亚瑟王之魔剑Castle at Tintagel(廷塔杰尔) in Cornwall: Tintagel传说为亚瑟王的诞生地,这是一个与亚瑟王传奇有关的地方。

英语国家概况(A Guide to English-Speaking Countries)

英语国家概况(A Guide to English-Speaking Countries)

A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
1.1.3 Roman Britain (43 AD—5th Century)
Capable administrators & good builders (towns and cities & roads) Building of London River Thames “London Bridge” Building of roads
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Alfred’s achievements
Alfred, king of Wessex, is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea, then protected the coasts and encouraged trade. He also reorganized the fyrd [fə:d]英国民兵 (the Saxon army), making it more efficient.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
1.1.5 Danish Invasion (8th Century—1066)
the Vikings (from the Scandinavian countries: Norway, Denmark and Sweden) Alfred the Great, king of Wessex A peace treaty: the eastern half of the island was to be subject to the Danish law and come to be known as the Danelaw From 1016 to 1042, under the rule of Danish kings. In 1042, the English throne was returned to the Anglo-Saxons

英语国家概况名词解释新)

英语国家概况名词解释新)

英语国家概况名词解释1、The Constitution:Britain has no written Constitution.The foundations of the British state arelaid out in statute law,which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through commom practice in courts;and conventions.2、The house of Common: It’s the real center of British political life because it is the placewhere about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy,These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.3、The electoral campaign:Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoralcampaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public.The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning,postal deliveries of leaflets and ‘party electoral broadcasts” on the television.The parties also try to attack and critisise the opponents’policies.Therefore,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical.4、Class system in British society:The class system does exist in British society.Most of Britishpopulation would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class.Class divisions are not simply economic,they are cultural as well.People of different classes may defferent may differ in the kind of newspaper they read,in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.5、Relative decline of the UK economy:The UK has experienced an economic decline since1945.But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one.Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the six.6、Comprehensive schools:are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today.Such schoolsadmit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education.Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking7、Grammar school s:it’s a type of secondary schools in Britain.Grammar schools select childrenat the age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools.These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.8、Independent schools:are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools thatreceive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government assitance.Independent schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of Schools.Theseschools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich.9、the first English settle in North America:The first English permanent settlement wasorganized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King.The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of Virginia.In 1619,the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses,and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants.These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.10、Puritanism:were those who followes the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify theChurch of England.They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born.Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell.No church nor good works could save people.The sign of being God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling.They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establisha direct contact with God.These beliefs had great impact on American culture.11、George Washington:was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic.He was theCommander-in-chief of the Continental Army in War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States.12、The executive:The chief executive is the President,who is elected to a four-year term.Apresident can be elected to only two terms according to an amendment passed in 1951.The president can propose legislation to Congress.He can veto any bill passed by Congress.The veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both houses.The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur.He is the commander in chief of the armed forced.The president has other broad authorities in running the government departments and handling foreign relations.13、The Bill of Rights:consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech,the right to assemble in public places,the right to own weapons and so on.14、Industrial Revolution in America:After independence,American was principally anagricultural country.The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860.One key development was the introduction of the factory system.A second development was the “American system” of mass production.A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks.Afourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization---the bank and the corporation.15、Agribusiness:Because American agricuiture is big business,people coined the term“agribusiness” to reflect the large-scale nature of agricultural enterprises in the modern US economy.The term covers the entire complex of farm-related business,from the individual farmer to the multinational maker of farm chemicals.It also includes farmer cooperatives,rural banks,shippers of farm products,commodity dealers,firms that manufacture farm equipment,food-processing industries,grocery chains and many other business.16、Higher education:In America,higher education refers to education on the collegelevel.American higher education includes four categories of institutions.They are the university,the four-year undergraduate institution(the college) the technical training institution and the two-year or community college.Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds.Many universities and colleges have won reputations for providing their students with a higher quality of education.The great majority are generally regarded as quite satisfatory.17、NBA:stands for National Basketball Association.Founded in 1950,it’s the association ofprofessional teams in the United States.It has two divisions:the Eastern Division and the Western Division.NBA is very popular not only in the US.but all over the world.The best NBA star in NBA history is Mcchiael Jordan.18、Yellowstone Nationa Park:is the oldest and one of the largest national park in the US.It’snamed after the Yellowstone River that flows through the area.It is known for its geysers and hot springs among other natural wonders.19、Football hooligans:reflect the violence associated with football.While all social classes used tojoin in the local football march,it was regarded as being not at all suitable for gentlemen.Visitors from abroad sometimes complained about stumbling into the midst of a rough and dangerous game when walking the streets of London,while local householders and merchants were troubled by having their windows broken by stray footballs.Dringking hard went along with playing hard.Today,violence is still associated with football.They are supporters of rival teams.They sometimes clash before,during and after matches and occationally run riot through the town,breaking windows and beating each other up.20、Winbledon:is the name of a London suburb.In Winbledon the world’s best players gather tocompete on grass courts.It’s one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.Besides actually watching the tennis matches,other activies closely associated with the Winbledon fortnight are eating strawberries and cream,drinking champagne and hoping that it doesn’t rain.21、The three traditions of Chrismas in Britain:one is the Christmas Pantomime,a comicalmusical play.The main male character is played by a young woman while the main female character,often an ugly woman called ‘the Dame,’ is played by a man.Another is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the televition and radio.A third is Boxing Day,which falls on the day after Christmas.Traditionally,it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.Now that most British people do not have servants,this custom is no longer observed.However,a new Boxing Day custom has emerged,in the cities:shopping.Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations,food,cards and gift items at low prices.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

英语国家概况翻译Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to The United Kingdom 我们正在研究的这个国家的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

这也是一个复杂的名字,对于一个在许多方面都很复杂的国家。

大多数人都知道它,是因为它的庞大的海外帝国的称号使他在国家上扮演着重要的角色,但是在第二次世界大战之后的数年,这一切都结束了。

然而,人们知道的那些有关英国(他们可能称它为大不列颠)的事情,可能跟大多数真正的英国人是如果过自英国或者,错误的称为己的生活的事情没有多大的联系。

一方面,现在,帝国的时代已经过去很久了,只有老人们把帝国作为他们生活有一些意义的一件事留在记忆里。

英国不再是一个帝国,尽管其过去帝国的影响可能体现在各方各面;而不是仅仅体现在与曾经是这个帝国的一部分并且建立起一个松散(自愿)的称之为英联邦国家的组织保持联系的50或更多的国家之间的密切关系。

但是今天在英国国际关系中,更重要的是欧洲联盟。

自从1973年始,英国成为了它的成员。

考虑到当代的英国,强调它在欧盟中扮演的角色,比起英联邦的一部分,要有用得多了。

作为7国集团成员的大型发达经济体,它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家。

另外一个明显旧帝国的影响在于组成英国人口本身。

在20世纪50年代和60年代这段时间,受到鼓励来自这些英联邦国家的移民,导致了一个二十个人中就有一个非欧洲人的人口种族。

他们自己,其父母,或者祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,仅举出这几个最有代表性的国家和地区。

这将引入什么是本章节关于英国的关键主题:因为是大多数,或所有的国家,是不可能用简单的话语来概括英国人民。

很多人想到了英国,就想到了英国的绅士。

但是,这仅仅是一种刻板印象,在当今,对于绝大多数英国人来说都是不适用的,而且并不具有正确性。

英国是一个国家,只有一种护照,和一个拥有主权的政府,但是像它的名字一样,它是由不同的元素组成的。

它包括一个单一民族国家内的四个部分:由大不列颠岛组成的英格兰,苏格兰,威尔士,和与大不列颠岛邻近的爱尔兰岛上的一个省,北爱尔兰,组成一个完整的国家。

因此,在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑到这些差异:比如一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴,如果我们称她为“英国绅士”~她是个苏格兰女性,并认为她的身份不同与的男人的,也不同于英格兰人的身份。

但是,这4个组成部分之间的差别,只有一个,或许是最简单的差异,来划分英国的。

已经指出,英国现在是一个多种族社会,并且近代的移民是带来了他们自己的文化,这些文化与较传统的英国生活方式平起平坐。

比如,很多人是伊斯兰教信徒,然而,大部分英国人(至少在名义上)是基督教徒。

并且,在上面的苏格兰妇女的例子中明确地涉及到一个事实,那就是在英国,男人和女人没有共同的生活经历。

并且英国社会是根据经济状况来划分的,即它是有阶级结构的社会。

可能夸大了这个阶级结构的重要性,因为理所当然的每个国家都有某一种阶级系统,但是英国社会的这个阶级结构真的相对明显。

其父亲是个工厂工人的工厂工人的文化与其父是股票经纪人的股票经纪人的文化可能相当不同:他们倾向于看不同的报纸,看不同的电视节目,讲话带不同的口音,闲暇时做不同的事,对他们的孩子也有不同的期望。

另一个标志着英国社会的不同之处,就是区域之间的差异。

即使在这四个国家的不同地区:高地和低地苏格兰之间的差异有着悠久的历史意义,例如:尽管北部和南部英格兰之间的边界在任何地图上并没有没有标出,它只是一条模糊的、存在于人们心理上的纬线,但是这两个地区的文化迥然不同。

虽然如此,有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础,南部平均较富裕的北方。

部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别,这标志着英国社会,一个可以看到在许多社会中,但有可能尤其明显,在英国,也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。

伦敦是在该国南部,并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。

这是迄今为止该国最大的城市,约占全国人口的七分之一,它是政府的所在地,它是文化中心,这里是所有的主要报纸,电视台,与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊,剧院和博物馆。

此外它是商业中心,在英国大公司总部的绝大多数,是国家的金融中心,三个主要的国际金融中心之一。

因此,它结合了北京,上海,广州,还是纽约,华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能,在一个城市。

并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用,也许西安呢~伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力,并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家中休息。

England Population (1994) 48.7 million (UK total 58.4 million) Area 130 423 km2 (UK total 241 752 km2)英国是一个高度城市化的国家,其80个城市的人口居住在,,而只有2的农业劳动人口 ,。

其最大的城市是首都,伦敦,这是在英国统治在各个领域:政府,金融,和文化。

英国物理上的四国最大的,它是迄今最多的人口。

在规模优势,这反映在文化和经济优势也具有其结果是外国人士有时约英格兰交谈时他们指的有时也犯类似的错误,但在其他三个是英国的错误。

值得注意的是,在英国的人国家的人不会:他们会称自己为英国(如可能的英文),否则可能会称自己为苏格兰或威尔士和爱尔兰,但是,他们肯定不会自称(或喜欢被称为) 英语。

因此,奇怪的是,四国,英国大多数英国人认为,因此,作为一个独立的“英语”对自己最薄弱的文化,在英国。

英国历史上一直是侵略的历史。

之前,公元一世纪,英国是组成许多人的凯尔特部落王国:一个强大的文化源自欧洲中部。

在43AD 当时英国入侵的罗马帝国,英格兰和威尔士(虽然不是苏格兰和爱尔兰),成为了近400年罗马帝国的一部分。

由于罗马帝国受到来自东面的威胁来了,罗马军队和罗马保护撤出英国,英国再次为小王国分裂,它再次受到来自外部的威胁,这从日耳曼民族时间:角度,和撒克逊人。

其中最著名的传说源于英文本的时间。

在公元5世纪,据说是一位伟大的领导人出现,统一了英国人,他的神奇的剑,神剑,推动了撒克逊人回来。

这是亚瑟王的故事,并已通过歌手,诗人,小说家,甚至制片人至今点缀。

虽然亚瑟王的真实存在的疑问,您可以访问他的传说,如悬崖边缘的廷塔杰尔城堡在康沃尔,相关的地方。

根据传说亚瑟的骑士聚集一公司给他,谁坐在阿瑟一起在卡米洛特城堡 (可能是真实的吉百利在萨默塞特山山顶堡垒)。

他的骑士之间的冲突导致亚瑟创造了著名的“圆桌会议”时,都将具有相同优先级。

这也许可以看作是在其中的英国人,也希望看到他们都不是一个远程君主独裁者其他方式的指标,并在管理成为一个更民主的制度,逐步约束君主的事实,而不是完全拒绝它。

不管亚瑟的成功,不是传说,但并没有持续,对盎格鲁撒克逊人确实成功地入侵英国,要么吸收凯尔特人人,或迫使他们到英国西部和北部边缘。

尽管人们对当代英语亚瑟王认为他们的英雄,他实在是对他们的斗争,这些盎格鲁撒克逊侵略者英语的祖先,在“角创始人土地”或“英格兰”,因为它成为众所周知的。

两个侵略者的团体来英国后,从8世纪后期的:,袭击者来自斯堪的纳维亚,凶恶的海盗,威胁到英国的海岸。

在英格兰长大,他们的定居点,直到英格兰北部和东部的广大地区在其控制。

届时,英国的英雄是真正的英语(盎格鲁撒克逊人),如阿尔弗雷德大帝,谁把在打击海盗南部的潮流。

仍然有一定的这一天北方人之间在英国,南方人的文化鸿沟的同时不自觉地“撒克逊人”与“丹麦人”,可能在这个时候它的起源。

较富裕的南方人倾向于认为是自己的尖端不到北方人,而北方人认为南方人傲慢和不友好的。

它们还具有明显的特点是不同的口音。

下一个侵略者的诺曼,来自法国北部,谁都是海盗的后裔。

在诺曼底威廉(称为“征服者威廉”),他们在1066年越过英吉利海峡,并在黑斯廷斯战役,哈罗德国王下击败英国军队。

这标志着最后一次从外部入侵成功地在英伦三岛的军队。

威廉了英国王位,成为英国威廉第一。

在伦敦,在伦敦,他城堡建中心大楼,今日依然适用。

诺曼并没有解决任何英格兰很大程度上:进口,而他们的统治阶级。

接下来的三百年可以看作是一个诺曼(和法语)贵族统治一个主要撒克逊和英语的人口。

英格兰的英雄传说另一个。

这是罗宾汉,由诺曼,谁成为非正是这种局势产生了法压迫Saxonnobleman,并与他的“快乐男人”带传说藏在舍伍德森林在英格兰北部的中部。

从这个秘密的地方,武装他们的长弓,然后他们出去抢劫从富人送给穷人。

这种早期的英国社会主义(~)有特色,在许多电视剧和电影,英国和美国。

一些作家已经看到在这个绿木隐藏着的英文字符的线索: 内容丰富,非常规的内部生活的外部符合隐藏的叛乱传奇受欢迎。

但是,像所有成见,这一项在很多英国人,尤其是年轻人,喜欢展示他们的unconvenionality 外部其弱点,,例如英国朋克摇滚乐队与他们的生动头发染高低不平。

但是,确实有许多英国房屋的死气沉沉方面隐瞒美丽的后花园。

园艺是英国最受欢迎的消闲活动之一,并在后花园提供了一个地方,人们的户外生活在家里就可以进行公众的目光。

对比这可能与其他国家的户外生活可能更多的社会正面看路人门廊由坐在人。

在未来数百年诺曼入侵后,可以被看作是连接在一起的英国统治下的不列颠群岛的各个部分的过程,因此有英国的身份最终成为淹没通过一项更广泛的英国身份的必要性,既要团结王国内部,并提出一个单一的身份对外英国成为一个帝国。

与此同时,权力从君主逐渐移交给议会。

查尔斯第一企图推翻于17世纪40年代导致内战中,议会的力量取得了胜利,国王被处决议会。

经过11个,其中英国是由国会领导人,克伦威尔,恢复君主制统治多年的差距。

与议会和国王的冲突导致从宝座取消苏格兰的斯图亚特房子,威廉和玛丽从荷兰进口采取王位,从而最终建立对朝廷议会的统治地位。

Scotland Population: 5.111 million Area: 77 080km2苏格兰是第二个最大的四个国家,无论是在人口和地理区域。

这也是最有信心自己的身份之一,因为只有非英语了它先前花了相当长一段历史的英国组件作为统一国家的英国独立。

因此,它不是一个大的飞跃苏格兰想象自己独立了。

在身体上,苏格兰是英国最坚固的一部分,是人烟稀少的山区和北部的湖泊区,(苏格兰高地)和南部(南高地)。

三,在低地地区的人口生活宿舍,跨越这两个国家的高地地区。

最大城市格拉斯哥,在这个区域西面。

苏格兰首府爱丁堡市,在东海岸40英里的距离格拉斯哥。

这是著名的有美,其占主导地位的大城堡,在市中心的高的岩石。

这两个城市都拥有古老的和国际上知名大学从15世纪以来。

苏格兰不是罗马人征服,但他们曾经尝试,并占领了一段时间至于北部高原区的边缘。

然而,维持他们的统治有困难,导致他们撤退到线大致相当于英格兰和苏格兰之间的现代边界。

沿着这条线,从海到海,他们像中国,建立了一堵墙,以纪念他们的域的北部边缘,并帮助保卫它。

相关文档
最新文档