物流英语术语翻译与回答问题(主要出每个单元学习重点与难点)

术语翻译与回答问题（主要出自每单元的学习重点与难点）underwriter 保险业者，承诺支付者，保险商Unit 1学习重点里的词汇中英互译：词汇和词组的中英一定都是牢记。

短语搭配如play a role, be based on 不会在词汇中英互译中出现，但会在句子翻译和选择题里体现Logistics物流, warehouse仓库（warehousing仓储）, inventory库存（库存成本inventory cost）,procurement获得, packaging包装, inbound往内地的，归航的, outbound开往外地或外国的, handling搬运(material handling材料搬运), coordination合作协作, strategic planning战略规划, customer service 客户服务, forecasting 预测，问答题１．What is modern logistics?Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet consumer s’ requirements.２．How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics? What are they? 2009.10 2007.10Eight sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics. They are packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.U2Strategy策略、战略, physical身体的、物质的, availability可得性、可用性、实用性, ultimate 最后的、最终的, outlet出口、出路, patronage赞助、光顾, accessibility可到达、易接近, furnishing设备、陈设品, brand品牌, offer提供、出价, pattern式样、模式. consumer products 消费类产品, convenience product 便利型产品，shopping products 购买型产品，specialty products 特殊产品，学习产品分类。

可能提的问题有：A. Products are of two kinds. What are they?They are industrial products and consumer products.B. Consumer goods can be put into three categories. What are they?According to the three different ways in which consumers select goods and services and where they buy them, consumer products can be put into three categories: convenience products, shopping products and specialty products.C. how do you differentiate convenience products from shopping products and from specialty products?Convenience products are those goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately, and with little comparative shopping.2. 掌握８０／２０原则What is the 80-20 curve in logistics planning? 2011, 2010.1This concept is derived from the fact that the bulk of sales are generated from relatively few products in the product line. (2分) This simply means 80 percent of a firm’s sales are generated by 20 percent of the product line. (2分) An exact 80 -20 ratio is rarely observed, but this disproportionality between sales and the number of items is generally true.U3Transportation/transport运输, available可利用的, component部分、零件, performance履行、绩效, distinguish区分, rate比率, primarily主要地, competition竞争, carrier（运货的）船、承运人, middleman中间人, freight forwarder货运代理, broker经纪人.zero inventory零库存，variable costs可变成本，transport rates运费费率, pricing 定价难点及可能提出的问题五大运输模式There are five modes of transport. What are they?They are air, truck, rail, water and pipe transport.决定费率的三个主要方面。

How can we distinguish one transport service from another? 2008.10Transport services are best described by their cost and performance characters.These distinguish one transport service form another and it is what a user buys form the transportation system.The cost characters vary from one mode to another and determine their rate structures.Rates are based primarily on three factors—distance, shipment size and competition.零库存对生产企业的好处。

(此题在课文没有详细阐述，出题可能不大。

)What’s the advantage of zero inventory to a manufacturer?It helps to reduce the inventory cost.U４Strategy策略、战略, inventory cost库存成本（cost 成本）, storage cost储存成本, tax税, insurance保险(insurance cost 保险费), interest 利息obsolescence损耗(obsolescence cost陈旧性损耗费；无形磨损费；废弃成本), quantity数量balance平衡, play a role起作用, on one hand…on the other一方面．．．另一方面．．．, be based on基于, result in导致、结果是。

Overstock库存过剩cash 现金库存成本的意义If you keep an overstock of the inventory, what will happen to the expenses? 2009.1Inventory is viewed as playing a role in the value-added process. (1分) But this doesn’t mean the more you have in the form of inventory the richer you are. (1分) If you keep an overstock of inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, (1分) but also in many aspects, such as the capital cost and the interest accruing on it, taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and storage cost. (2分)如何节省库存成本Why is it necessary to make plans for inventory? What are the three basic questions the plan should be able to answer?The storage cost can amount to over 37% of the total logistics cost, result in the necessity of making plans for inventory. The plan should be able to answer three basic questions: when to order, how to order and inventory control procedures.U5Packaging包装, facilitate使容易、帮助、促进, verification查证、检验、证实, specification要求、规格, frequency频率, identification识别, checkpoint检查点、检查站, potentially潜在地、可能地, franchise特许经营, trash垃圾, disposal处理, repellent驱虫剂. Universal Product Code(UPC)通用商品代码, Radio Frequency Identification无线电频率识别系统，Transportation Rate 运费费率掌握物流过程中包装的种类及各自的功能和作用。