新托福阅读句子简化解题方法探析
托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解
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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文，如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解, 高分难点题型如何保证正确率,今天本店铺给大家带来了托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面本店铺就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。
根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习，是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一系列的托福简化题内容汇总希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Early Cinema【Paragraph 2】These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. (Early Cinema) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technologybecause it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：Desert Formation【Paragraph 10】The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas whereconsiderable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. (Desert Formation)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：The Origins of Cetaceans【Paragraph 5】An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs.The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales bymoving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.(The Origins of Cetaceans)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structureshows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up a nd down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：highlighted sentence【Paragraph 1】Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ( Applied Arts and Fine Arts)○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.托福阅读词汇题答案：1。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析托福阅读句子简化题实例解析, 如何利用逻辑解题法解决简化题。
今天给大家带来托福阅读句子简化题实例解析,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读句子简化题实例解析如何利用逻辑解题法解决简化题?一.托福阅读句子简化题难点解析在托福阅读题型中，句子简化题可算是一种让学生颇为头疼的题型了，首先这种题型涉及句子阅读与理解，需要考生有一个比较好的句子分析基础，另外，它又同*段落结构相联系，同时答案又是选出简化后的内容，所以要求学生在确定*主题以及段落大意的情况下，通过仔细阅读来确定某些特定句子的主要意思。
那么怎样做这类题才能达到较好的复习效果呢?今天我们就一起来学习一下怎么做简化题，下面我为大家介绍一种方法，即运用逻辑解题法，希望对大家有所帮助。
二.逻辑解题法简述逻辑解题法，顾名思义就是通过对句子进行分析，在了解句子结构的基础上，分析句子的主要逻辑结构，找到句子所要表达的核心内容，然后对应答案，选出内容逻辑都符合的正确选项。
句子简化题简化的是内容，但不是逻辑，所以通过逻辑解题法我们可以快速锁定正确答案范围。
逻辑解题法主要有以下三个步骤：通读原句，分析句子结构，找到句子主干及句子所表达的主要逻辑关系查看选项，排除非主干逻辑的选项根据句子内容，对应逻辑关系的具体对象，选出正确答案。
三.托福阅读句子简化题实例解析下面我们来看一个例子：例: The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.上面这句话就是一个高亮的句子，我们来看一下对应的 4 个选项：A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in variouscountries are involved in the effort. D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.按照逻辑解题法的步骤，首先我们先分析一下原句，找到主干逻辑。
托福阅读之修辞目的题的解题思路与技巧
如何解答修辞目的题？
➢ 在涉猎原文细节信息的基础之上，有意识地注意句子之间的逻辑关系以及 段落的结构（解题过程中最核心、最关键的部分）
➢ 平时可加强练习，学会分析句子之间的逻辑关系，概括文章的构架
For example:
My life of summer vacation is full of variety. During the summer vacation, I watched 5 movies. I went to the beach with my good friends. I also visited places of historic interest.
第二步：分析段落框架
➢ 分析线索：时间顺序 in the eleventh century (the astrolabe) by the early thirteenth century (the magnetic compass) beginning in the thirteenth century (new maps and the reports of sailors) in the fourteenth century (certain institutional and practical norms) by about 1400 (the key elements were in place)
选项D
longitude
The problem of determining longitude, though, was not solved until the eighteenth century.
第四步：分析信息，确定答案
原文中每个与选项信息相 对应的句子在段落整体框 架中的地位是怎样的？是 example？是细节？还是 段落主题？
托福阅读方法技巧总结
托福阅读方法技巧总结托福阅读方法技巧总结关于阅读方法技巧的介绍内容,了一些相关资料给大家参考，觉得有用的话就快快收藏吧。
下面来讲讲我的阅读方法和分析思路：我把它总结成几个短句：1. 10秒预览. 花很短的时间预览文章全部。
预览什么?(1)特征词，人名，地名，大写字母，acronym(考考你什么意思)，特殊的斜体字还由数字。
目的是看出本文的性质，是人文科学?还是自然科学，是人物介绍，还是新事物说明，还是新发现的介绍，还是讲历史或者考古学等等。
(2)1+1+1。
就是文章的每段首末句，文章的最后一句。
目的就是理解文章的主题。
要注意这个时间加起来(肯定没有10秒那么短)大概就是1分钟，所以以后改叫60秒预览.现在你有了大致的主题在脑海中，好了，现在进展第二步.2. 详略得当的细读原文。
Peter反对快速阅读，我认为文章应该全部读过去，只是在以下几个地方可以加速阅读(1)类比的地方：把什么比做什么，重点看被比做的对象，原来的对象略读(我说的略读意思是理解但不分析)(2)列举的地方：看一至两个列举项就可以，了解其特征即可，其他部分一扫而过。
(3)举例的地方：如果看懂了作者的观点，举例可以略读，但是没看懂观点，必须细读例子。
(4)人名地名：用词首大写字母代替，能区分张三李四，烟台西安就可以。
(5)同位语：地位并列，看懂一个就可以(当然在比照型的文章中就都要看，这里就表达出了刚刚10秒预览的作用，在对文章性质的理解根底上，可以很好的取舍，决定对文章阅读的详略)3. 5秒回想在读完每一段的时候，千万不要直接进入下一段，这时候不要看文章，试着在头脑里回想刚刚读过的那段在讲什么，再次归纳段主题，并和刚刚3+1+1过程中得到的文章主题比较，做出修正。
其实这样做是很有道理的，你一定看过老杨的17天，它说短期的记忆周期是5分钟，所以我们的5秒回想其实就是复习，加深了记忆。
许多人觉得他们阅读读完了对文章印象一片空白，就是因为没有及时复习。
小托福阅读理解细节题解题方法及提分秘籍
“…The first instance of lie detection occurred in 1895 with an Italian scientist named
Cesare Lombroso. Lombroso believed that when a person lied, that person’s blood
(A) The person’s blood pressure dropped.
(B) The person’s blood pressure changed.
(C) The person’s physical fitness decreased.
(D) The person’s physical characteristics changed.
小托福阅读理解细节题解题方法及提分秘籍
细节题一般都可以在文章中的一段话找到答案，提醒考生注意的是，您再判断文章相关词汇或句子是否相关时， 一定要注意不能偏差，也不要随意选择。好了不多说了，考生赶紧跟随小编一起往下查阅详细的小托福阅读理解 细节题解题方法吧！
>>>小托福阅读理解细节题解题方法<<<
细节题解题时，需要考生补助并理解文中某一句话或者某一段对话中的细节信息。一般来说，考生可以从文中的 某一句话中找到细节题的现成答案，或者是和这个答案相关的信息。所以考生在解决这种题型的时候一定要注意 判断你在文章中找到的这个相关的差 ，切记不能随意选择，一定要保证是有依有据的。下面我们来看一个简单的例子去具体分析。
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不知以上小托福阅读理解细节题解题方法您是否已经掌握？其实，为了提高解题的效率方法会有很多，但更多的 是需要学生灵活运用，而不是死板的生搬硬套，找到最适合自己的解题方法和技巧才是最重要的。下面我们还为 考生整理了小托福阅读理解提分秘籍，赶紧往下继续查阅吧~ >>>小托福阅读理解提分秘籍<<< 1、分段托福阅读做题 花几分钟时间扫每篇文章开头几个句子，从而可以定位文章难易程度。一般来说，平均每篇阅读文章需要花费 20 分钟左右的时间。如果遇到比较难的文章，按部就班一道道的做题就有可能因时间不够而做错或者没时间做好多 道题。因此首先确定文章的难易程度，有助于考生科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。而在托福阅读考试中，是每阅 读完一段就做只涉及该段的题目，信息集中，重要的是节省了大量的时间，缓解了托福阅读文章通篇的眩晕感。 2、阅读考题中，说明性强，遇到生词也可在上下网中猜出意思 托福阅读考试中对单词量的要求还是很大的，即使单词量很大了，也难免会遇上生僻词的情况，而托福考试中选 用的文章说明性特别强，往往是自定义 — 自解释的模式，遇到生词，即使不知道什么意思，也可以根据上下文 语境弄清它们之间的关系，运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。其次，还可以分析选项，进行对比，往往会发 现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项，此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。 3、近义词选择有技巧 几乎每段中都会有生词意思辨析题，有些词一看就认识，这样的题目就很容易了，但是也不能粗心大意，如果时 间富裕或者把握不大，可以把选项带入文章中检查一遍。对于那些不认识的词汇，也是有许多技巧的。首先是分 析词性，采用排除法排除词性不一致的选项。其次是用代入法。选项中给出的词意一般就是认识的，将选项带入 ，分析一下是否能够保证原文合情合理，通顺。 4、全篇文章心里明 在分段阅读的同时，可以记下关键词或者中心句，在文章结束时就可以有根据回想起整篇文章的脉络结构，逻辑 关系，对 14 题的选择有很大帮助。同时题目中也明确给了做题方法，即没有提到的信息或者不重要的观点就可 以排除了。 相信这篇文章中的小托福阅读理解细节题解题方法和小托福阅读理解提分秘籍两大板块对大家是有很大帮助的。 可乐留学-TOEFLJunior 阅读栏目为各位考生还提供了 TOEFLJunior 阅读备考信息、TOEFLJunior 阅读知识点、 TOEFLJunior 阅读考点信息等等。
托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析
托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析托福阅读中有一种题型会要求大家概括解释某个段落或是某个长难句，并给出选项让大家选择，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析。
希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析托福阅读中的paraphrase问题如何应对?在托福阅读中，还有一类题型经常出现，那就是paraphrase。
这类问题需要大家在给出的选项选择与文章中的长难句意义相近的一句话。
这类问题还是有一定难度的，因为选项中存在一些干扰项。
那么这类问题有哪些解题技巧呢?Strategies to answer this question：1. 划分句子主谓宾，充分理解句子意思;2. 将句子大意用自己的话复述一遍，简化句子成分;3. 看问题选项中有没有跟刚复述的句子意义相似的句子;4. 选出正确答案后，看一下其他错误选项。
这些错误选项有的意思跟原文不同，有的漏掉了原文中的重要内容。
找出这些错误，确保万无一失。
Example:大家先来看一个例子：Rather than sell the painting, which is most likely worth millions of dollars, the Jesuits decided to make it available to the nation of Ireland for viewing. Thus, the painting is on “indefinite loan” to the National Gallery of Ireland. Nevertheless, the painting continues its travels as it features in exhibitions around the world, from the United States to Amsterdam.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?a. The National Gallery of Ireland now owns the painting.b. The National Gallery of Ireland bought the painting from the Jesuits.c. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting, but the Jesuits still own it.d. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting as long as they allow it to travel.想要回答正确，就要准确理解文中indefinite loan的意思。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法在托福阅读考试中，有好的训练方法和一定量的解题技巧，可以为你的托福阅读得到高分。
那具体这些解题技巧和方法我们应该如何应用到平时的练习中去呢?下面小编就为大家整理了这些，希望可以帮助到大家，快来一起学习吧。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法1.每一篇文章第一次做时，尽量按照考试速度要求做。
2.做完后，接下来就要认真把文章读一遍，划出把文章里不懂的单词和长难句，查出单词意思，(借助语法知识)认真分析长难句，同时还要把错题(包括碰巧猜对的题目)认真分析，特别是OG和汉客笔记的题目(还有北极星最后几套ETS出的题目)，一定要把题目涉及的文章内容仔细看，甚至在文章中划出涉及考题的内容，培养对易出题的考点的感觉，甚至揣摩ETS的出题思路。
等到这些工作都做完，这篇文章也就基本吃透了，这时再重新把文章读一遍，最好多读两遍。
这个过程其实就是精读了。
只要时间允许，做过一次的阅读文章最好都尽量精读，吃透它。
光作对题只是一个浅显的要求，就像只顾吃饭，对材料认真分析、精读才是真正消化吸收。
3.等过了三五天，或者两三周以后，有空的话再把这篇文章看(做)一遍，作为巩固，复习，而且有时还会温故知新。
P.S 如果时间不足，OG的文章是一定要精读的，而且题目也要仔细研究，这是出题思路和考试最为接近的资料。
这些原则在新托福阅读其实也是同样适用的，只要文章中出现如下内容，都要引起注意：举例证明，罗列式例举，转折(否定)，因果，下定义，比较级(最高级)，同位语(插入语)，数字年代，特殊标点(引号，破折号等)。
阅读具体的做题顺序阅读最基本的做题顺序有两种：先读(全篇)文章再做题;先读题目再读文章(相应部分)然后做题它们又能衍生变化出两种做题顺序：读一段文章，做相应的题目，然后再读一段，再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题对于广大非牛来说，可能“读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题”会比较合适，读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构，做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”，但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收，从而不利于做总结题，也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。
「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方
「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方「托福阅读」托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方托福阅读中的句子简化题也称为“变换措辞题”，是托福阅读题型的一种。
在托福阅读文章中，可能有0-1道这样的题目，每次考试总共有2到3题。
那么，在托福阅读中遇到这样的题型，应该要怎么做呢?接下来，店铺就为各位同学们带来一些解题方法，希望可以帮助大家进行新托福阅读的备考。
托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方法这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.【托福阅读】托福阅读题型之句子简化题解题方法解决这类题目的三种方法：第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。
下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.1. A marketer who is not so smart should be more concernedwith the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.2. It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.3. Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.4. Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.解题：首先，我们来分析这个句子，整个主句的主语为Small marketers，谓语为be concerned with，宾语为factors，这个分析完成之后，我们采用同意替换的方法，替换其中的'重点词组-谓语be concerned with，其同义词为focus on。
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind
【实例分析】托福阅读句子简化题-Electricity from Wind句子简化题又叫做释义题，即recognizingparaphrases，是新托福阅读当中比较浪费考生时间的一种题型。
该题要求用另一种表达方式表达与原句相同的意思。
只要是句子简化题，其所有的题目指令都是一样的，因此考试可以忽略阅读此指令，直接去看原文句子。
那么，应对这样类型的题目我们又该使用怎样的呢?我们为大家带来了一系列的实例解析，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Electricity from WindLarge wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratorybirds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especiallyhawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines thatare ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines haspitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection againstenvironmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluatinghow serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reducethis problem. Some analysts also contend that the number of birds killed by windturbines is dwarfed by birds killed by other human-related sources and bythe potential loss of entire bird species from possible global warming. Recordeddeaths of birds of prey and other birds in wind farms in the United Statescurrently amount to no more than 300 per year. By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass, 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants. (Electricity from Wind)Q：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A：○Hawks, falcons, and eagles prefer to hunt along ridge lines, where wind turbines can kill large numbers of migratory birds.○Wind turbines occasionally cause migratory birds to change their flightpatterns and therefore may interfere withthe areas where birds of prey prefer to hunt.○Some of the best locations for large wind farms are places that may cause problems for migrating birds and birds of prey.○Large wind farms in certain areas kill hawks, falcons, and eagles and thusmight create a more ideal path for the flight of migratory birds.。
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题在托福阅读中，对很多学生来说也许找到句子的主干是一个难点。
因为，在目前的情况中，托福阅读难度加深内容加长，想要抓住重点，节省阅读的时间，并非会是你想象中的那么容易。
所以，在托福阅读的答题过程中，简化题也是会比较费时的一种题型。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一些托福阅读句子简化题实例练习，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题托福阅读句子简化题：Nineteenth-Century Politics【Paragraph 6】In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers.Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it,workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.(Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.○The Democrats' power wa s greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.托福阅读句子简化题答案：4托福阅读句子简化题：Swimming Machines【Paragraph 7】One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down. Some species of tuna have specialized grooves in their tongue. It is thought that these grooves help to channel water through the mouth and out the gill slits, thereby reducing water resistance.(Swimming Machines)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○These fishes often have a probl em opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：Artisans and Industrialization【Paragraph 2】The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, andmasters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.(Artisans and Industrialization) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family asapprentices demanded excellence from them.托福阅读句子简化题答案：2托福阅读句子简化题：Aggression【Paragraph 7】The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (Aggression)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.○People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.托福阅读句子简化题答案：2。
托福阅读句子简化题深度解析
托福阅读句子简化题深度解析句子简化题是托福阅读中不可忽视的一类题型，它考察学生对长难句的理解和同义替换能力的掌握，而这些技能在学生未来的海外求学生涯中都极为重要。
下面我们就以真题为例，给大家深入解析一下句子简化题的应对策略，希望有助于各位的托福阅读备考。
托福阅读句子简化题深度解析对于句子简化题，有一些题目如果句子不长，我们做题的基本原则就是：同义替换。
找到原句中的关键的词在选项当中进行同义替换。
例如In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.先来看题干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子。
新托福阅读10大题型解析
新托福阅读10大题型解析新托福考试不仅会考察托福考生的托福阅读能力，并且托福考试不仅有单独的新托福阅读理解测试，还从各类型题全方位的考查考生的阅读理解能力本文将带来新托福阅读10大题型超强解析的内容，希望能够帮助正在备考托福的同学们!新托福阅读10大题型超强解析1.托福阅读的细节题(Factual Information)解法：a. 提取题干中关键词定位原文段落中关键词所在的所有句子. 阅读定位句理解。
c. 正确选项是正确定位句的同义转述或者同义改写。
必须在意思上和语言逻辑结构上完全符合定位句。
细节的题的错误选项主要有以下几种：a. 该选项的全部或者局部出现了该段落根本就没有涉及的信息，概念，特有名词等等。
b. 原文定位句没有出现比较级，最高级一类的语言现象，但是选项中出现了这种无端的比较。
c. 选项中出现了定位句范围以外的信息，尽管这些信息在本段落中的确被完全提及。
d. 选项中有某些形容词或者副词起到了加重语气从而使选项的叙述程度甚至方向发生了改变脱离原文语言风格叙述。
注意：做细节题必须定位，切忌凭自己阅读后的总体感觉不定位某句话而做题。
2. 托福阅读的事实否定题解法：定位题干关键词回原文。
正确选项应具备：a. 原文未提及的. 与原文叙述矛盾的;3. 当选项中同时出现看似未提及和明显矛盾的选项时，优先选择明显矛盾的选项。
所以，在其他类型题目能作为正确选项的在这种题型中均是错误答案。
3. 托福阅读的推论题(Inference)解法：提取题干中的关键词回文定位所有出现关键词的句子，综合各句提取结论性的信息。
该类信息通常不会被原文直接以字面意思表达出来，通常是言外之意。
错误选项的特征与细节题的错误选项特征基本相同。
一般对于推论题来说，更保险的方法是用排除法做题。
如果能排除3个错误选项，即使正确选项找不到定位点也可以把题目做出来。
但是使用排除法前提是必须阅读理解到足够多的信息。
这对阅读能力的要求是相对较高的。
托福阅读方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO简单句复杂句
托福阅读方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO简单句&复杂句本文帮助大家拨开托福阅读TPO简单句&复杂句这两种句式。
店铺为大家带来托福阅读方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO简单句&复杂句，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注店铺!托福阅读方法解析：教你如何看懂TPO简单句&复杂句Timberline Vegetation On MountainsThe transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.托福阅读权威解析在老师看来，英语中所有的句子只会分为两种：1??简单句，也叫基本句2??复杂句那么今天老师就一点一点地帮助大家拨开这两种句式。
所谓基本句，就是英语在最简单句子中的基本格局，也是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。
现代英语的基本句型主要有五种，它们是：主-动-补(动词就是我们所说的系动词)主-动(动词就是我们所说的不及物动词)主-动-宾(动词也就是我们所说的及物动词)主-动-宾-宾(老师就把它当成第三种类型的引申吧!)主-动-宾-补(这个复杂一点，但是我们经常看到的动词固定表达就是属于这一种)复杂句呢，就真真的有些复杂了，但是简言之，也就是我们老师经常说的“从句”。
托福阅读题型分析须知
托福阅读题型分析须知托福考试的备考过程中，许多同学会发觉有些托福考试中的用句远远超出了自己的力量范围。
下面我就和大家共享托福阅读题型分析须知，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读题型分析须知一、托福阅读中的基础信息题详细分析起来，新托福阅读基础信息题中除插话题和修辞目的题外，主要仍是旧托福消失过的传统题型。
基础理解题重点考查读者对基础项目的理解，特殊是读者依据文章的词汇、句法和语义内容理解把握重要信息的力量。
总结发觉，它主要包括以下几个详细题型：托福阅读的词汇题：考查读者依据上下文理解特定词和短语的力量。
这种题型虽难度不大，但占每篇文章后全部题目的三分之一，故考生仍应重视起来。
托福阅读的指代关系题：考查读者认定代词与其它首语重复机制以及先行词/后置词的关系的力量。
托福阅读的句子简化题：考查读者认定文章中某一特定简单句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的力量。
托福阅读的插话题：考查读者将特定的一句话插入文章挨次相连的四个句子之间的力量。
这个题型是国内考试常见的Cloze Test的进一步进展，可谓技高一筹。
要完成任务，读者必需深化理解各个句子间的词汇、语法和规律联系。
这是新题型，有相当难度，考生应特殊重视。
托福阅读的事实信息题：考查读者抓住文章中阐明的信息，并排解干扰回答问题的力量。
读者的任务是在题中某意译的短语选出一个与文章中某相应句子建立对应关系。
此题型虽然有难度，数量也较大，但属于老题型。
托福阅读的正误推断题：考查读者依据文章中阐明的信息，推断题中的短语哪些是正确的，哪些是错误的或文章没有提到的信息。
托福阅读的推论题：文章中有些论点/观点没有明确阐述，但却剧烈示意出来了。
例如，结果引出了，推论题就可能问造成结果的起因。
假如文中有比较，推论题就可能问及比较的基础是什么。
假如文中有对某一新现象的明确阐述，推论题就可能要求推论旧现象的特征。
推论题虽然是传统题型，但难度很大，需要考生花大功夫预备。
新托福阅读真题全解析
新托福阅读真题全解析文章内容小结题这是托福阅读考试中经常出现的题目。
顾名思义，是对全文内容的总结，考察的是对文章主旨和段落主旨的把握。
正确选项是一些总结性的选项，错误选项的特点是：与原文不符，原文没有提到，或者是次要信息。
次要信息也就是文中提到的某个细节性的信息，次要信息的选项具有极大的干扰，在做题时应注意识别。
句子简化题这种题型的主要考查目的是：考查理解文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。
因此，语法水平在解题过程中就显得尤为重要。
这种题目在托福阅读中的具体表现是题目中有“high sentence”。
修辞目的题这是托福阅读题型中比较难得分的题目，这种题目注重考察单词，短语或句子在句子之内或句子之间起到的作用，这就要求平时阅读时，在涉猎原文细节信息的基础之上，要有意识地注意句子之间的逻辑关系以及段落的结构。
事实否定题在解答这种题目的时候首先要注意的是避免惯性思维的影响。
平时在做题习惯当中，看到与原文相符或者和原文一样的选项就选，但是到了这个题目，需要选择不属于题干内容或者与原文相反的选项，这是需要注意的一点。
插空题这些题目中的一些较为复杂的逻辑关系会可能会造成失分。
在解答托福阅读插空题，首要任务就是要找到线索词。
也就是能够让了解句子之间逻辑或者语法联系的词，线索词亦是解题的关键。
如何快速完成托福阅读插句题：1. 在段落之前的空，99%错误率!因为每段的中心容易出现在第一句，如果把第一句改变了，也就改变句意了。
但同时请注意（两段式的插句题），第二个段落前面或第一个段落后面的空反而容易是正确的!2. 空后有代词this, these, that, those, he, she, they, it, such, each, other, one, another, both, each, anybody, none, some,any….的，一般来说是不对的，缘由是（代词不能跨距!），如果在代词前面加了一句话，就会改变代词的指代对象。
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新托福阅读句子简化解题方法探析
朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露
在托福阅读的十大题型中，句子简化题相对来说是一个比较低调的题型，它以每篇文章一道题的概率默默而坚实地存在着。
而就该题型的难度来说，处于十大题型的中间水平；就答题技巧性而言，属于十大题型中技巧性较强的题型。
该题型需要考生从四个选项中选出一个句子能够作为段落中一个阴影句子的同义句。
朗阁福州托福培训中心的托福培训专家认为，该题型主要考察两个方面：逻辑&语义。
因此，考生可以沿着这两个方向去解题。
一、逻辑
所谓逻辑层面，即同义替换句与原句必须保持在逻辑关系上的一致。
常考的逻辑关系包括因果关系，转折关系，比较关系。
A. 因果关系
a. 显性因果
1）因：
Because; for; as; since; on account of; with
2）果：
So; so that; therefore; thereby; as a result; hence; thus; consequently; accordingly
b. 隐性因果
1）导致（因→果）
Cause; lead to; give rise to; result in
2）由…而来（果→因）
Result from; derive from; originate from; initiate from; stem from
3）反映/体现（果→因）
Reflect; demonstrate; suggest
4）考虑到/依赖于（因→果）
Reason; considering; in view of; thanks to; rely on; depend on; according to; resort to
例题：
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected， as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is redu ced in the vast areas affected.
解题步骤：
1.观察阴影部分句子，发现表隐性因果的短语result from
2.浏览选项，发现A和B选项含有因果关系
3.分析原句：
原句中“因”：
？大量受到影响的土地vast areas of land
？大量受到影响的人口tremendous numbers of people
？很难去减慢或者颠覆沙漠化过程reverse or slow the process
原句中“果”：沙漠化是一个严重serious的问题
分析A选项：“因”：reverse process; affect large areas of land; affect great numbers of people；“果”：沙漠化是一个significant的问题。
因对因，果对果，A完全可以匹配。
二、语义
所谓语义层面，即在句子没有逻辑关系的情况下，考生需要把原文阴影句子的语义，尤其是主干部分的语义在正确选项里体现出来。
例题：
Indeed， stability of t he biological clock‘s period is one of its major features，even when the organism’s environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors，such as temperature， that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage？ Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ Stability， a feature of the biological clock‘s period， depends on changeable factors such as temperature.
○ A major feature of the biological clock is that its period does not change despite significant changes in the environment.
○ A factor such as temperature is an important feature in the establishment of the biological clock’s period.
○ Biological activity is not strongly affected by changes in temperature.
解题步骤：
1.观察阴影部分句子，发现该句子无明显逻辑关系，那么只能从语义的角度解题。
2. 分析句子核心部分为：Indeed，stability of the biological clock‘s period is one of its major features， even when the organ ism’s environment is subjected to
considerable changes in factors. 大意为：biological clock的稳定性是它最主要的特征，即使它的环境受到很多变化因素的影响。
至于后面具体举了factor这个细节因素可以省略不看。
3.核对选项，发现B选项与原文阴影句子的核心意思一致。